Thermal Expansion of Solids

alloys angle anharmonic anisotropic approximation atoms Barron beam beam splitter Brillouin Zone calculated calibration capacitance capacitor cell coefficient of thermal configuration constant contributions copper cubic derived determined diffractometer dilatometry displacement effects elastic electronic elements energy entropy Equation experimental fiducial marks Fizeau Interferometer frequencies fringe furnace given Grüneisen function Grüneisen parameters Hahn heat capacity Helmholtz energy high temperatures Kirby laser lattice length linear thermal expansion low temperatures magnetic melting point metals method microscopes models niobium obtained optical flats phase phase transitions phonon Phys plate polarization potential pressure properties Push-Rod pushrod pyrometer quasi-harmonic Reference Materials room temperature rotation sample Section sensitivity silica solid specimen strain stress structure superconducting surface symmetry tantalum technique temperature measurements temperature range tensor theory thermal expansion coefficient thermal expansion measurements thermocouples thermodynamic thermometer transition tube tungsten uncertainty values vibrational volume wave plate X-Ray Diffraction zero