Leaves petiolate :—

Leaves under 4 in. long, obovate or elliptic-obovate, more or

less obtuse

Leaves over 4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate

1. PAYENA MAINGAYI, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 547 (1882). A large guttapercha-yielding tree, reaching 80 feet in height and a considerable girth; branchlets dark brown, smooth, younger branchlets and innovations rusty-tomentose; leaf-buds golden pubescent, scales ·2 to .3 in. long, lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous; oblong, acuminate at the apex sometimes caudately sometimes abruptly, cuneate at the base; glabrous above except on the midrib, covered beneath with a silky golden-brown pubescence, afterwards glabrate; 6 to 9 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, minutely pubescent above or glabrous; main-nerves 20 to 25 pairs, 3 to 5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 70° with the midrib, at first parallel, ultimately ending in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves between the main-nerves, obscure like the reticulations; petiole 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules linear, subulate, 3 in. long, goldenpubescent, quickly caducous. Flowers fascicled, 2 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves; pedicels slender, 75 in. long, up to 1 in. in fruit and then thickened, clavate, brown-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4, 4 to 5 in. long, densely brown-pubescent outside; outer pair valvate, ovate-acute, thick; inner pair imbricate, concave, keeled, acuminate, rather thin. Corolla white, campanulate, 6 to 8 in. long, glabrous; tube about 2 in. long; lobes 8, lanceolate, in 2 rows, the outer 4 enclosing the inner 4. Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube, 25 in. long; filaments thick; anthers as long as filaments, ovate, extrorse, crowned by a long mucro formed by the produced connective, the mucro ciliate or truncate or bifid at the apex. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, tapering into a subulate 8 in. long style, cells 8. Fruit an oblong, goldenpubescent or nearly glabrous berry up to 1.5 in. long by 8 in. broad, crowned by the remains of the persistent style, and supported by the persistent calyx-lobes, seeds 1 to 2. Seeds oblong, convex on one side, somewhat concave on the other, 1 to 2 in. long by 5 in. broad and 2 in. thick; testa light brown, shining, crustaceous; hilum conspicuous, slender; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong rounded, 8 in. long by 225 in. broad; radicle rather large, inferior. Pierre in Bull. Linn.. Soc. Par. I. 526. Chrysophyllum ? molle, Wall.

Cat. 4161.

PENANG: Curtis 1565. PERAK: Scortechini 172, 346; Wray 3423; King's Collector 7223, 7918; in open jungle or rich soil from 300 up to 2,000 feet. MALACCA: Griffith (K.D.) 3610; Maingay (K.D.)

990; Curtis 3483. SINGAPORE: Ridley 6239, 6497. Curtis says it is the "Taban Percha" of the Malays.

The drawing of the flower in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzen-Fam. IV. i. 132, fig. 69 A-C seems a little doubtful. The identification of Wall. Cat. 4161 seems also doubtful, for Payena Maingayi much resembles in leaf Palaquium Gutta var. oblongifolia.

2. PAYENA LONGIPEDICELLATA, Brace MS. in Herb. Calc. A tree, reaching 100 to 130 feet in height; branches slender, silvery-grey, innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded unequally at the base; glabrous on both surfaces, margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in. long, 1.5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves about 18 pairs, indistinct, starting at about 85° with the midrib, at first parallel, near the margin joined in an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves nearly as prominent as main-nerves, often branching backwards, reticulations few, indistinct; petiole 7 to 8 in. long, channelled above and bordered by the margins of the decurrent blade; stipules small, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Flowers fascicled, 1-3 together, in the axils of lower leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels 1 to 1.5 in. long, slender, curved, striate when dry, clavate above, puberulous; flower-buds conical, large. Calyx-lobes 4; 2 outer valvate, ovate-acute, thick, 5 in. long, sparsely rustypubescent; 2 inner lanceolate-acuminate, concave, thickly keeled, 6 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent on the back. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 8 in. long; tube 3 in. long, glabrous; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner, ovate-acuminate, glabrous. Stamens 16, inserted in 1 row, below the top of the tube but alternate ones covered by the others; filaments very short, slender; anthers 15 in. long, ovate, rusty-hirsute, extrorse, the connective produced in a broad mucro divided in 2 diverging lobes at the tip. Ovary oblong, style a little longer than the corollalobes. Fruit not known.

PERAK: King's Collector 2940.-DISTRIB. Borneo, Haviland 3035. 3. PAYENA HAVILANDI, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree (?); branchlets grey, slender, innovations appressed rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuate usually unequally at base; glabrous above, glabrous beneath except on the midrib which is appressed-rusty-pubescent, margins recurved; 2.5 to 3 in. long, 1.25 to 1.75 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, not very prominent, rather irregular, starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting close to the margin in an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves and reticulations scanty but prominent, raised beneath; petiole 4 to 5 in. long,

1

channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules small, ovate-falcate, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Flowers fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves or of terminal leafless branchlets, giving the appearance of a terminal corymbose inflorescence; pedicels 8 to 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent, recurved; buds ovate, 25 in. long, obtuse. Calyx-lobes 4, outer pair rounded, thick, appressed pubescent to nearly glabrous; inner pair thinner, scarious, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, 3 to 4 in. long, longer than the calyx, glabrous; lobes 8, oblong, cordate at base, crenate or ciliate on the margins, veined; tube as long as lobes. Stamens 16, usually in 2 rows; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers ovate, the connective broad and produced in a broad glabrous acumen, sharp in bud, flattened later on. Ovary linear-oblong; style slender, 5 in. long. Fruit an obpyriform fleshy berry, 1.5 in. long and 75 in. broad, surmounted by the persistent conical style, seed 1. Seed oblong, 1 in. long, 6 in. broad, flattened; testa crustaceous, shining, chestnut-brown; hilum narrow, elongated; albumen thick; cotyledons broadly oblong, 5 in. long, nerved; radicle rather large, nearly 15 in. long.

KEDAH: Lankawi Island, Ridley 8329. PENANG: Curtis 777. SINGAPORE: Ridley 4959, 9203.--DISTRIB. Borneo, Haviland 2098, 2320.

P. CROIXIANA, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524 seems to be this species or very near it. The following is Pierre's description :—

A huge tree. Leaves oval or sub-oblong, long acuminate, glabrous; 2-3 in. long, 3 in. broad; main-nerves 24 to 28, petiole 25 in. Flowers 3, axillary, sub-terminal; peduncles 2 to 3 in. long, ‘6 in. in fruit. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Corolla-tube pubescent without; lobes oblong, truncate at the apex, ciliate; filaments very short; anthers suboblong with a long connective, obtuse, pilose on both sides. Ovary 8-celled, tomentose, urceolate at the base of the style. Berry oblong, •8-1.2 in. long, 5-6 in. broad, glabrous, 1-seeded; pericarp 06 in. thick; hilum under 04 in. broad, laterally extended over the whole height; cotyledons 8 in. long; 02 in. broad, radicle 14 in. long. MALACCA: St. Pol Lias; Mad. Errington de la Croix in Paris Mus. "Sundek."

4. PAYENA LEERII, Benth. & Hook. f.; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. i. 524 (1885). A tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and a considerable girth; branchlets grey, slender; innovations minutely rustypubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, acute or somewhat rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, shining, lower surface sparsely pubescent to glabrous; margins undulate, recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed

above; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, slender, about 2 in. apart, inconspicuous, more or less parallel, starting at an angle of about 80° with the midrib, straight almost to the margin where they are connected by a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, forking backwards, reticulations faint; petiole slender, 75 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules short, subulate, pubescent, very caducous. Flowers fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves, or on terminal leafless branchlets, giving the impression of a terminal inflorescence; pedicels slender, 4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4, 15 in. long, the 2 outer ovate-valvate, minutely pubescent; the 2 inner ovate, truncate at apex, almost scarious on the margins, pubescent, imbricate. Corolla campanulate; tube 05 in. long, glabrous; lobes 8, imbricate, the 4 rather smaller outer embracing the 4 larger inner, ovate-obtuse, 15 in. long. Stamens 16, inserted in one row on the top of the corolla-tube, those opposite the lobes longer than and behind those alternate with them; filaments very short, hairy; anthers ovate, 075 in. long, extrorse, the connective produced in a rather thick penicillate mucro. Ovary villous, depressed, obscurely 8-lobed; style subulate, glabrous above, pubescent below, 2 in. long; cells 8. Fruit an ovate-oblong conical reddish-green berry, 15 to 1.75 in. long, obscurely ribbed and rough, at first tipped with the conical remains of the style, afterwards truncate seed 1. Seed 1 in. long, about 4 in. broad, oblong; testa thin crustaceous, dark brown; hilum long, narrow; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong, 85 in. long, ·35 in. broad, faintly 3-nerved; radicle small, inferior. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. (1871) II. 69; Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. (1885) 56, tab. VIII.; Engl. and Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 133, fig. 70. Keratephorus Leerii, Hassk. Retzia I. (1856) 101; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1039. Azaola Leerii, Teysm. & Binnend. in Nat Tijdschr. Neerl. Ind. VI. 116.

PERAK: Wray 1539, at 4,900 feet on Batang Padang; King's Collector 523. SINGAPORE: Cantley 20.-DISTRIB. Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo (?), Amboina. Vern. "Getah Sundek." It gives a second-rate variety of guttapercha.

To this species probably belong Ridley 11313, Curtis 3631, and David 10857, all apparently from Sumatra-Vern. "Getah Sundi." The specimens have leaves only.

Curtis' No. 3640 "Getah Sundek" from the Dindings is either this species or P. Havilandi; but the fruit is globose, not elongate or obconical. It seems, however, to have been more or less attacked by insects, and may not show its proper shape.

5. PAYENA LUCIDA, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 197 (1844). An evergreen tree

reaching a height of 60 feet and considerable girth; branchlets slender, dark brown, innovations rusty-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely and rather abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base and unequal-sided ; glabrous on both surfaces, the margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in. long, 1.5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, slender; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, not prominent, rather irregular, 3 to 4 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, straight at first, arching near the margin to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves and reticulations rather scanty; petiole 4 in. long, channelled above; stipules very minute, linear, silky-pubescent, caducous. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 4 together, in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels slender, 7 to 8 in. long, somewhat clavate, minutely silky; buds conical, 1 to 2 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer valvate, thick, enclosing 2 inner, broad, ovate, obtuse, ciliate, often scarious on the margins, 2 in. long. Corolla white, campanulate, 2 to 3 in. long; tube short; lobes 8, oblong, obtuse or rounded in 2 rows, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner. Stamens 16, 12 in. long; filaments short, thick; anthers ovate, the connective produced into an obtuse, glabrous, often bifid acumen, cells extrorse. Ovary villous, rounded; style subulate, glabrous, 3 in. long, 6-celled. Fruit an oblong, ferruginous-pubescent berry, 1 to 1.5 in. long, 7 in. broad, 1-seeded. Seed oblong, bluntly acute at both ends, flattened, 8 in. long, 5 in. broad, 3 in. thick; testa chartaceous, chestnut-brown, shining; hilum about 15 in. broad occupying the whole inner edge; albumen thick; cotyledons oblong, thin, flat, faintly nerved as the leaves, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad; radicle rather large, inferior. Kurz For. Fl. II. 121, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. ii. 69, and XLVI. ii. 230; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 547; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 525. Mimusops lucida, Wall. Cat. 4147; G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 35 (not of Poir.).

PENANG Wallich 4147. PERAK: Scortechini 1989; Wray 2266, 3114, 3191, 3482; King's Collector 3364, 3734, 6636.

Lobb 307; Ridley.

SINGAPORE:

VAR. Wightii, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 548. Leaves large, up to 6 in. long and 2.5 broad, coriaceous; pedicels stout; sepals large, rusty-tomentose. Payena polyandra, Bth. & Hook. f.; Pierre in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Isonandra polyandra, Wight Ic. t. 1589. Keratephorus Wightii, Hassk. in Retzia I. 101.

Of this variety Clarke makes two forms, which he distinguishes chiefly by the former having short acuminations to the leaves, the latter long acuminate leaves. We have separated the material into these two groups as well as we can.

Form (1) Leaves up to 6 in. long, 2.5 in. broad, abruptly acuminate, shining