Styles short, shortly 2-lobed; pyrenes two 2-seeded; herbs or shrubs

Styles elongated, dilated at the apex; pyrenes four 1-seeded, much resembling nutlets; herbs

Styles elongated, not dilated or annular at the apex, more or less bi-partite :—

Styles 2-fid at the apex; pyrenes two 2-seeded, or four 1-seeded; trees or shrubs ..

Styles more or less separate, distinct at base and apex, united but easily separable in the middle; pyrenes four 1-seeded, much resembling nutlets; prostrate herbs

1. CORDIA, Linn.

2. TOURNEFORTIA.

3. HELIOTROPIUM.

4. EHRETIA.

5. COLDENIA.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, petiolate. Flowers in dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches, or corymbose or in clusters, ebracteate, polygamous, the fewer than the . Calyx tubular or campanulate, usually with short and often irregular teeth, accrescent in fruit. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped or campanulate; the lobes of the limb 4 to 8, spreading or recurved, white or orange. Stamens as many as the lobes; anthers sagittate or hastate, shortly exserted; filaments often hairy near the base. Ovary 4-celled, glabrous; style terminal, long, bi-partite, the branches again bifid, linear or sub-spathulate, cells of ovary 1-ovuled. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, surrounded by the enlarged calyx; the putamen bony, with 1 to 4 cells, but one only with a fertile seed. fertile seed. Seed exalbuminous, the cotyledons large and fleshy or thin but always plicate.-DISTRIB. About 280 species, all tropical.

Flowers about 1.5 in. long

1. C. subcordata.

Flowers less than 5 in. long:-
Leaves broadly ovate, sub-acute or obtuse, the base often cordate 2. C. Myxa.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate
3. C. Griffithii.

1. CORDIA SUBCORDATA, Lamk Ill. 1899 (1792). A small tree; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves membranous; broadly ovate or ovate-rotund, the apex acute, the base broadly rounded or sub-cordate; both surfaces brown when dry, the lower paler, harshly and minutely reticulate; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, faint on both surfaces when dry; length 3.5 to 6.5 in., breadth 2.5 to 4 in.; petiole 1-25 to 2 in. Corymbs lateral, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves, glaberulous; pedicels 25 in. long. Calyx cylindric, slightly widening towards the mouth, 4 in. long and nearly 2 in. wide at the middle, glabrous; the limb with 3 broad triangular teeth. Corolla about 1.3 in. long, orange or reddish, funnel-shaped ; lobes about 6, broad, spreading, as long as the tube.

Stigma with linear-spathulate branches. Fruit very bony, pyramidal,
its apex acute, with 4 bold angles, the spaces between the angles often
with large tubercles, 1 in. long and as much in breadth from angle to
angle, usually with 1 or more seeds; entirely enveloped in the much-
inflated glabrous accrescent apiculate calyx.
Wall. Cat. 9063; DC.

Prod. IX. 477; Seem. Fl. Viti, t. 34; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 385;
Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 209; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 140 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 914. C. orientalis, R. Br. Prod. 498. C. cam-
panulata, Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 336. C. Rumphii,
Blume Bijdr. 843. C. hexandra, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 799.
Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. t. 75.

PERAK: Scortechini 1084. DINDINGS: Curtis 3447. KEDAH: Ridley 5526. PAHANG: Ridley 2158.-DISTRIB. British India, Malay Archipelago, Australia, Sandwich Islands. Widely cultivated in other places.

2. CORDIA MYXA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 190 (1753). A tree, 40 to 50 feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous; broadly ovate, apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base slightly cordate; upper surface when dry dark brown, glabrous, faintly reticulate; the lower paler brown, distinctly and minutely reticulate, the transverse veins very prominent, glabrous except for some pubescence on the midrib and 5 or 6 pairs of curved ascending main-nerves; length 3 to 3.75 in., breadth 2 to 2.75 in.; petioles 75 to 1.25 in. Cymes trichotomous, shorter than the leaves, terminal. Male and female flowers often in the same tree, mostly 5-merous. Calyx campanulate, more than 25 in. long, glabrous, smooth outside, silky inside. Corolla with its tube included in the calyx, the lobes projecting and 15 in. long, reflexed; style in the flowers short, 4-cleft, absent in the 3. Fruit ellipsoid, with acute apex and rounded base, compressed, with 3 or 4 angles (one or more of them indistinct), ·75 in. long and 4 in. broad, 2- or more-seeded; the persistent accrescent calyx leathery with strong vertical reticulations, widely campanulate, its mouth with shallow irregular crenations, length 25 in., width 4 to 5 in. DC. Prod. IX. 479; Delile Fl. Ægypt. t. 19, fig. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., II. 232; Wall. Cat. 889; Wight Ill. t. 169; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 386; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 245, fig. A; Brandis For. Fl. 336 (in part); Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 208; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV. 124; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 915; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 136; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 193; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 199; Prain Beng. Plants 714. C. Myxa, var. b. minor only, Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 214. C. indica, Lamk Dict. VII. 49; DC. Prod. IX. 500. C. officinalis and C. africana, Lamk Ill. II. 420, and t. 96, fig. 3. C. Sesbestena, Forsk. Fl. Aeg.-Arab. LXIII. C. paniculata, Roth Nov. Spec. 124; DC. Prod.

IX. 482. Sebestena officinalis, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 364, t. 76. Ehretia glabra, Roth Nov. Spec. 127; DC. Prod. IX. 510. Beurreria glabra, G. Don Gen. Syst. 390.

MALACCA and SINGAPORE: probably introduced.-DISTRIB. Tropics of the Old World.

3. CORDIA GRIFFITHII, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 139 (1883). A small tree; young branches about as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous, pale and angled when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base slightly cuneate; both surfaces brown when dry (the lower the paler), minutely reticulate, glabrous; mainnerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, ascending; length 1.5 to 3.5 in., breadth 1 to 1.75 in.; petioles 65 to 1.25 in. Cymes slender, 2.5 to 4 in. long (including their peduncles), dichotomous, lax, few-flowered, puberulous. Flowers 4 in. long, almost sessile. Calyx 25 in. long, funnelshaped; the mouth wide, oblique, and with 5 irregular short teeth. Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx; the limb longer than the tube, deeply divided into 5 narrowly elliptic reflexed lobes. Stamens 5, attached to the throat of the tube; anthers oblong, exserted; filaments unequal in length, flattened below. Ovary obovoid, smooth, 4-celled, ovules solitary in each cell; style thin and cylindric above, swollen in its lower half, exserted.

MALACCA: Griffith (K.D.) 5997; Maingay (K.D.) 1162; Ridley 4561. SELANGOR Ridley 7373. KEDAH: King's Collector 1742.

2. TOURNEFORTIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes almost herbs, and often sub-scandent. Leaves alternate, entire. Cymes scorpioid, dichotomous, usually terminal, rarely lateral or extra-axillary. Flowers small, numerous, crowded, sessile or on short pedicels, ebracteate. Calyx deeply 4- or 5-partite, the segments ovate or lanceolate. Corolla white or greenish; the tube cylindric, naked in the throat; the lobes of the limb 5 or 4, small, spreading. Stamens 5 or 4, included in the tube; anthers oblong-ovate or lanceolate, apiculate or not; filaments short. Ovary 4-celled; style terminal, short, 2-lobed (in the Indo-Malayan species); ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the upper inner part of the cell. Drupe small, ovoid, slightly fleshy or leathery, indistinctly separating into two 2-seeded or into four 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds straight or curved, pendulous, albuminous; embryo straight or curved.-DISTRIB. About 130 species, in the tropics of both hemispheres.

TOURNEFORTIA WALLICHII, DC. Prod. IX. 527 (1845). A climber, 10 to 30 feet long; young branches terete, twice as thick as a crow's-quill, minutely rusty-puberulous, becoming glabrous. Leaves thickly mem

S CONT

branous; ovate, the apex acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded, slightly oblique; both surfaces when dry brown, the upper quite glabrous, the lower paler, reticulate, sometimes with a few small hairs. on the nerves; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, depressed like the midrib on the upper surface, prominent on the lower; length 2 to 3.5 in., breadth 75 to 1.75 in.; petioles 3 to 4 in. Cymes terminal and lateral (extra-axillary), on long peduncles, dichotomously branched, sub-glabrous. Flowers 3 to 4 in. long, sessile, forming crowded one-sided pseudo-spikes (scorpioid cymes) on the terminal inch or two of the branches of the cymes. Calyx about 05 in. long, only about a sixth or a seventh as long as the corolla, cleft nearly to the base into 4 broadly triangular acute spreading segments. Corolla-tube 4-angled; the limb short, with 4 ovate teeth, glabrous. Anthers 4, oblong, sessile or nearly so, near the throat. Fruit broadly ovoid, •15 to 2 in. long, with 4 vertical grooves (2 of them deep) on the sides, and a depression on the apex. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 147. T. tetrandra, Wall. Cat. 911 (not of Blume). Tetrandra Wallichii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 928.

SINGAPORE: Maingay (K.D.) 1165, 8041; King's Collector 302. PERAK: Wray 3536; Ridley 2431; King's Collector 3335, 5158 Scortechini 1494.-DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra.

3. HELIOTROPIUM, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, very hairy or scabrous. Leaves alternate. Flowers small, white, or pale purple, sometimes in terminal dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches and small or no bracts, sometimes axillary in the axils of large bracts. Calyx divided into 5 linear or lanceolate segments. Corolla with a cylindric tube and limb of various shapes, the lobes of the latter always imbricate or induplicate in bud, spreading in flower. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the tube by short filaments; anthers ovate-oblong or lanceolate. Ovary completely or imperfectly 4-celled, 4-ovulate; style short or long, terminal, with a depressed conical or flat disk on its apex; stigma above the disk,. none or short or elongate, entire or rarely bifid. Fruit dry, 2- to 4-grooved or -lobed, and consisting of 4 nutlets free from the beginning. or finally becoming so. Seeds straight or curved; albumen none, small or large; cotyledons plano-convex.-DISTRIB. Species about 225, widely distributed in both hemispheres.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 in. long..
Leaves linear, 5 to 1 in. long

1. HELIOTROPIUM INDICUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 130 (1753).

1. H. indicum. 2. H. strigosum.

Herbaceous,

but woody at the base, a foot or two in height, with few branches; the branches, lower parts of the inflorescence, and the petioles with white stiff hairs. Leaves membranous, greenish-brown when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly inequilateral, the apex usually acute, the base rounded, irregularly cordate, often unequally so; both surfaces with some scattered long white hairs; the lower surface pale and faintly reticulate when dry; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, rather straight, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface; length 1·5 to 2.5 in., breadth 75 to 2 in.; petioles 4 to 15 in. Cymes scorpioid, terminal and lateral (extra-axillary), about 2 in. long (lengthening with age to 5 or 6 in.), on peduncles about 1 in. long; the rachises hispid, compressed when dry. Flowers about 15 in. long, sessile, numerous. Calyx about 05 in. long, deeply divided into 5 narrowly lanceolate sub-erect hispid segments. Corolla tubular, slightly dilated at the base; the limb with 5 broad blunt reflexed lobes; anthers 5, included, inserted about the middle of the tube. Fruit 1 in. long, conical, with an apical beak and with 4 bold vertical ridges and 4 faint ones, glabrous naturally separating into 2 halves, each half consisting of 2 cohering pyriform pyrenes with long beaks and a single large sub-quadrate white seed. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 454; Bot. Mag. t. 1837; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 152; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 200; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 207; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. anisophyllum, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. II. 62, t. 96. Tiaridium indicum, Lehm. Asperifol. 14; Wall. Cat. 913; Wight Ill. t. 171. T. anisophyllum, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 364. Heliophyllum indicum, DC. Prod. IX. 556; Fresen. in Mart. Fl. Brasil, fasc. 22, 48, t. 10, fig. 4; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 925. H. velutinum, DC. 1.c. 557.

SINGAPORE: King's Collector 318; Hullett 21. PAHANG Ridley 1547. PENANG: Deschamps. PERAK: Scortechini 163.-DISTRIB. India, Malaya, E. Asia, tropical Africa and America.

2. HELIOTROPIUM STRIGOSUM, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 743 (1797). Herbaceous, woody at the base, erect, a foot high, the branches few, slender, long, not spreading, very strigose, like all the rest of the plant. Leaves linear, 5 to 1 in. long, very narrow, becoming smaller upwards. Flowers under 1 in. long; their pedicels longer, sub-opposite to a linear bract or often extra-axillary. Sepals ovate-acute, enlarging in fruit. Corolla salver-shaped; stigma narrowly conical. Fruit depressed, 4-lobed, under 1 in. broad, glabrous and shining, sometimes with a few small hairs. DC. Prod. IX. 546; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 151; Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 143; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. brevifolium, Wall. Cat. 914; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 2; DC. l.c. 546. H compactum, Don Prod. 101.