In all the provinces, by waysides, not common.-DISTRIB. 4. EHRETIA, Linn. Glabrous or scabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or dentate. Flowers small, usually white, in axillary or terminal corymbs or panicles, rarely on 1-flowered axillary peduncles. Calyx small, 5-partite. Corolla with short cylindric tube; the limb with 5 obtuse imbricate spreading lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube, exserted, rarely included, ovate or oblong. Ovary 2-celled, the cells bi-ovulate; sometimes imperfectly 4-celled and the cells with solitary ovules; style terminal, cylindric, bifid or bi-partite; stigmas small, capitate or clavate. Drupe small, usually globose, 4-seeded or (by suppression) 1-3-seeded; usually dividing into 2 bilocular or into 4 unilocular, often compressed pyrenes. Seeds straight, with little albumen and thin testa.-DISTRIB. About 55 species, all tropical, chiefly in the Old World. Leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, with about 5 pairs Leaves obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse retuse or sub-acute, with 1. E. lævis. 2. E. parallela. 1. EHRETIA LÆVIS, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 42, t. 55; var. timorensis, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 142 (1883). A small tree; young branches rusty-puberulous, becoming ultimately glabrous, dark coloured when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate or sometimes rounded; both surfaces glabrous, brown when dry, the lower paler and reticulate; mainnerves about 5 pairs, rather straight, ascending slightly, thin but prominent on the lower surface like the midrib; length 2.5 to 5 in., breadth 1.25 to 2.25 in.; petioles about 4 in. Cymes axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves, corymbose, puberulous; the ultimate branches scorpioid. Flowers small, numerous, sessile. Calyx less than 1 in. long, its mouth with 5 oblong lobes. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; the lobes 5, shorter and spreading. Anthers exserted. Fruit when 4-seeded about 2 in. in diam., smaller when 2-seeded, depressedglobose, ribbed; pyrenes 4 or 2, sometimes only 1, each with a single seed; the persistent calyx much shorter than the fruit, its lobes acuminate. E. timorensis, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. III. 395; DC. Prod. IX. 505. E. philippinensis, DC. l.c. 504. E. lævis, Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 389. MALACCA: Maingay (K.D.) 1164; Ridley 3302. PERAK: Scortechini 167, 898; King's Collector 7436, 8344.-DISTRIB. Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 6002, Malay Archipelago, Australia. 2. EHRETIA PARALLELA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 143 (1883). A shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale when dry. Leaves membranous; obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse, from retuse to sub-acute, cuneate at the base; both surfaces dark brown when dry; main-nerves 7 or 8 pairs, scarcely curved, ascending, parallel, very bold and distinct on the lower surface like the midrib (when dry), faint on the upper; length 1.5 to 1.75 in., breadth 75 to 1 in.; petiole 25 in. Inflorescence, flowers, and fruit as in E. lævis, Roxb., var. timorensis, but smaller. PENANG Curtis 1572.-DISTRIB. Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 6004. 5. COLDENIA, Linn. Much-branched, diffuse or prostrate scabrous herbs. Leaves alternate, crisped. Flowers small, axillary, sessile or sub-sessile; the upper sometimes in a short one-sided bracteate cyme. Calyx 4-5-partite. Corolla with short funnel-shaped tube and 4 or 5 spreading segments imbricate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the tube; anthers ovate. Ovary broadly ovoid, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, or imperfectly 4-celled with 1 in each; styles 2, distinct at the base but united upwards (although easily separable); stigmas 2, capitate. Fruit almost dry, composed of 4 sub-connate 1-seeded pyrenes; seeds with thin testa and little if any albumen; the cotyledons plane.-DISTRIB. Species 12, 10 of which are American, 1 African, and the undernoted which is cosmopolitan. COLDENIA PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 125 (1753). A scabrous-hairy prostrate herb. Leaves elliptic-obovate, coarsely and deeply serrate, almost pinnatifid. Fruit, prior to disintegration into its component pyrenes, pyramidal. Gaertn. Fruct. I. 329, t. 68; Lamk Ill. t. 69; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 448; Wall. Cat. 942; DC. Prod. IX. 558; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 933; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 144; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 197; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 205; Prain Beng. Plants 718. Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. IX. 21. Waltheria microphylla, Miq. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 87в (not of Cav.). By waysides, not common.-DISTRIB. Everywhere in the tropics. Herbs or shrubs, usually twining, occasionally erect; very rarely trees; sometimes parasitic. Leaves alternate or in parasitic species obsolete; stipules 0. Flowers in cymes, rarely solitary, regular, hermaphrodite; bracts at cyme-bases or under solitary flowers opposite; bracteoles at base of pedicels small, scale-like. Sepals 5, imbricate, occasionally slightly connate below, often persistent, sometimes accrescent. Corolla campanulate or infundibuliform, rarely sub-rotate; limb with 5 short or long lobes often plicate in bud, after flowering either involute or reverting to the original æstivation. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube; anthers oblong, opening by longitudinal introrse or lateral slits. Carpels usually 2, very rarely 3 or more; connate throughout in a superior ovary with its base often encircled by an annular or lobed disk, and its cells as many or, by development of accessory partitions, twice as many as the component carpels, rarely, from absorption of dissepiments, fewer than carpels; ovules 2 in each carpel, sessile erect anatropous; style solitary or rarely styles 2; stigma capitate or 2-lobed or 2-fid. Fruit an indehiscent often dry berry, or a 2-4-valved or circumscissile or irregularly opening capsule. Seeds 4 to 2, rarely solitary, erect; albumen scanty or 0; cotyledons generally plicate, rarely flat.-DISTRIB. Species about 1,000, in all regions, but more abundant in sub-tropical and tropical countries. Corolla-tube usually uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the 5 bands or lobes rarely, except in Erycibe, clearly defined from the intervening spaces; pollen not spinulose :— Yellow parasitic twining leafless herbs Green non-parasitic leafy herbs, shrubs or trees :— 1. CUSCUTA. Fruit indehiscent, woody or fleshy, rather large; style short Flowers in racemes or panicles— Bracts not enlarged in fruit; outer 3 or all of the sepals Bracts in fruit much enlarged, scarious, adnate to calyx; Styles 2, free or partially united below; sepals not or Capsule 4-valved, 2-1-locular, 4-2-seeded; styles quite Style entire, stigmas usually 2:— Ovary 1-locular; capsule 4-valved, 4-seeded; stigmas 3. PORANA. 4. NEUROPELTIS. 5. EVOLVULUS. 6. BONAMIA. Outer 3 sepals not larger than the 2 inner, and not Stigmas elliptic; capsule 8-valved, rarely 4-valved 10. JACQUEMONTIA. Capsule 4-valved; fruiting sepals not enlarged; Capsule with circumscissile dehiscence; fruiting Corolla-tube not uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the Fruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent then with thin fragile walls:- 11. MERREMIA. 12. OPERCULINA. .. 13. LEPISTEMON. Stamens arising directly from the corolla-tube :- Corolla more or less hypocrateriform; calyx-lobes aristate, Fruit indehiscent, coriaceous or fleshy : Ovary 4-celled .. Ovary 2-celled .. 14. IPOMOEA. 15. QUAMOCLIT. 16. CALONYCTION. 17. ARGYREIA. 18. LETTSOMIA. 1. CUSCUTA, Linn. Flowers small, Leafless twining yellow-reddish parasitic herbs. white or rose-coloured, fascicled, sessile or shortly pedicelled; bracts small or 0. Sepals 5 or 4, sub-equal; free or shortly connate at the base. Corolla ovoid or campanulate, usually with a ring of fimbriate or lobed scales near the base or below the stamens; lobes short, imbricate. Stamens 5 or 4, adnate near throat of corolla; filaments short, linear; anthers oblong, partially exserted. Ovary more or less completely 2-celled; ovules 4; styles 2 or 1; stigmas 2. Fruit a globose or ovoid, dry or succulent, circumscissile or irregularly bursting 4-2-seeded capsule. Seeds glabrous; albumen fleshy; embryo slender, spiral; cotyledons minute or obsolete.-DISTRIB. Species about 80, in temperate and tropical regions. CUSCUTA HYGROPHILÆ, H. H. W. Pears. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 2704. A small slender parasitic twiner. Flowers in dense umbellate cymes, 25 in. wide. Sepals ovate obtuse, connate below, 1 in. long. Corolla 15 in. wide, campanulate; lobes ovate obtuse. Stamens 5, shortly exserted. Scales near base of corolla-tube shortly fimbriate. Ovary obtuse, more or less perfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; styles 2; stigmas capitate. Fruit an oblate capsule, 15 in. wide. JOHORE: near the town, parasitic on Hygrophila quadrivalvis, Ridley 9161! Closely related to C. chinensis, from which it differs in having the sepals without keels, and of which the writer believes it to be a form. 2. ERYCIBE, Roxb. Shrubs, scandent or diffuse, less often erect; rarely trees. Leaves alternate, elliptic, entire, coriaceous. Flowers rather small; cymes in axillary or terminal panicles or racemes; bracts lanceolate, small. Sepals 5, small, sub-equal, orbicular, coriaceous, adpressed to base of fruit. Corolla rather small, white or yellowish, sub-rotate; tube hirsute externally; limb 5-lobed, the lobes obcordate, induplicate-contorted in bud, with a thicker triangular centre externally hirsute, and submembranous semicordate margins glabrous on both sides. Stamens 5, sub-included, adnate to throat of corolla; filaments short; anthers ovate-lanceolate. Ovary globose, 1-celled; ovules 4; stigma large, sessile, sub-globose or conic, 5- or 10-ridged. Fruit a fleshy, leathery or woody berry, ovoid or ellipsoid. Seed solitary, glabrous; albumen scanty, intruded between folds of fleshy cotyledons.-DISTRIB. Species about 30; throughout S.E. Asia. Leaves more or less pubescent beneath : Pubescence on under surfaces of leaves persistent: Branches angular; bark fissured; pubescence on under side Pubescence on under surface of leaves usually disappearing, Flowers in pyramidal terminal panicles, the panicle branches Flowers in axillary cymes, or if passing into a terminal bracts: 1. E. strigosa. 2. E. magnifica. 3. E. expansa. |