صور الصفحة
PDF
النشر الإلكتروني

Order LXVI. ERICACEÆ.

Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or in pseudowhorls, ex-stipulate, entire or serrate. Flowers in racemes or fascicles or solitary; pedicels bracteate and sometimes bi-bracteolate. Flowers regular or (in Rhododendron) slightly irregular, hermaphrodite, sometimes dimorphous. Calyx free or (in Diplycosia) sometimes adnate to the ovary, with 5 rarely 4 or 6, teeth or lobes. Corolla hypogynous, persistent or deciduous, campanulate cylindric or urceolate, with 4 or 5 (rarely 6 to 10) imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate teeth or lobes (polypetalous in Pyrola). Stamens hypogynous or slightly attached to the base of the corolla; 10, or sometimes 5, 8, or 20 (in Diplycosia sometimes epigynous); filaments free or united into a tube by their bases; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing by apical pores or slits, the cells often prolonged into apical tubes, sometimes dorsally spurred. Disk various, annular or convex, crenate or lobed, sometimes absent. Ovary 5-celled (rarely 4- to 16-celled); style slender, cylindric; stigma capitate or plane, entire or shortly lobed. Ovules numerous, rarely few, on placentas in the inner angles of the cells or pendulous from the upper corner. Fruit capsular, 5-celled, manyseeded, sometimes appearing baccate from the adherence of the enlarged succulent calyx. Seeds many, small, angled or compressed, albuminous; the testa often loose.-DISTRIB. About 1,200, in all parts of the world.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

Capsule 5- to 20-celled, septicidal, calyx not succulent in fruit; anthers dehiscing by pores

Fruit baccate

1. GAULTHERIA, Linn.

1. GAULTHERIA.

2. DIPLYCOSIA.

3. PIERIS.

4. RHODODENDRON.

5. PERNETTYOPSIS.

Erect or procumbent shrubs, rarely epiphytic. Leaves coriaceous, persistent, alternate, serrate or serrulate, penni-nerved. Flowers small, occasionally dimorphic, in axillary or terminal racemes, or axillary and solitary, bracteate and bi-bracteolate. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes, enlarged, succulent and coloured in fruit and enclosing the capsule, and often with 2 simple or connate bracteoles at its base. Corolla ovoid

tubular or campanulate, greenish-white or reddish, the mouth with 5 spreading or recurved imbricate lobes. Stamens 10, included, attached to the base of the corolla; anthers produced at the apex into 2 tubes, and often also with 1 or 2 dorsal spurs; filaments dilated at the base, usually pilose (in some flowers the stamens small and the anthers without appendages). Ovary 5-celled, sometimes 5-lobed; style cylindric; stigma simple; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 5-celled, dehiscing loculicidally from the apex, enveloped in the succulent calyx; seeds many, minute, sub-globose, angled.-DISTRIB. Species about 80, mostly American, a few in the mountains of India and Malaya, a few also in Australia and New Zealand.

Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute
Leaves broadly ovate, caudate-acuminate

1. G. fragrantissima. 2. G. leucocarpa.

1. GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA, Wall. in As. Research. XIII. 397, with figure. A shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, 3-angled, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edges crenateserrate; both surfaces pale brown when dry and dull, strongly reticulate, the upper always glabrous, the lower with sparse black scales and occasionally a few scattered hairs; length 1.5 to 2.25 in.; breadth ⚫75 to 1-2 in.; petioles 15 to 2 in. Racemes axillary, usually longer than the leaves, slender, many-flowered; pedicels 15 in. long, deflexed, each with a small triangular acute bract at its base and two broader connate ones above its middle. Flowers 2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, with 5 deep triangular lobes, puberulous, '05 in. long or less at first, persistent and increasing to 2 in. with age. Corolla 15 in. long, widely tubular, the mouth contracted and with 5 short blunt lobes. Stamens 10; anthers elongate, included, the apex with 2 deeply bifid apical horns; filaments flattened at the base. Fruit depressed-globular, with 5 deep grooves, 15 in. in diam., minutely pubescent, crowned by the long, persistent, slightly clavate, cylindric style, many-seeded. DC. Prod. VII. 593; Wall. Cat. 765; Wight Ic. 1196; Bot. Mag. t. 5984; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 457. G. fragrans, Don Prod. 151. G. punctata, Blume Bijdr. 850; DC. 1.c. 593; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1055; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 215, For. Fl. Burm. II. 92. G. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 1523. G. Leschenaultii, DC. 1.c. 593; Wight Ill. t. 141c, and Ic. 1195. Andromeda flexuosa, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 35. A. katagherensis, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 246. Leucothoe (?) katagherensis, DC. 1.c. 606.

PERAK, on the summit of Gunong Batu Pateh: Wray 879, 1580; Scortechini 405 (in part).—DISTRIB. British India, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java.

2. GAULTHERIA LEUCOCARPA, Blume Bijdr. 856. A slender climber; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, smooth, glabrous, pale-brown when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly ovate, shortly rather abruptly and sharply caudate-acuminate, the base broad, emarginate or sub-cordate; edges minutely crenate-serrate; upper surface olivaceousbrown when dry, much and boldly reticulate, the nerves minutely hairy; lower surface pale-brown, reticulate, glabrous; main-nerves 2 to 4 pairs, much curved, ascending, distinct on both surfaces; length 2 to 4 in.; breadth 1 to 2 in.; petioles 15 to 2 in. long. Racemes slightly supra-axillary, shorter than the leaves, their rachises compressed, glabrous or pubescent; flower-pedicels rather less than 1 in. long in flower, twice as long in fruit, each with a small ovate concave bract at its base. Flowers 3 in. long; their pedicels rather more than 1 in. long, deflexed, puberulous, ebracteolate. Calyx less than 1 in. long, puberulous, campanulate, with 5 small spreading sub-acute triangular lobes. Corolla sub-cylindric, widest at the base and gradually tapering to the mouth, teeth of the mouth very short, blunt, erect. Stamens 10;

anthers linear, beaked, shorter than the densely hairy tapering filaments. Ovary inferior, depressed-hemispheric, crowned by a thick, very concave, marginally grooved disk; style cylindric, tapering to the apex, glabrous. Fruit closely adnate to the calyx-tube, 5-celled, manyseeded. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1056; Beccari Malesia, I. 213.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 to 6,700 feet: Wray 360, 1573, 4101; Scortechini 1348; King's Collector 8025.-DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra.

2. DIPLYCOSIA, Blume.

Epiphytic shrubs, glabrous or setose, evergreen. Leaves coriaceous, alternate, entire or ciliate-serrate. Flowers small, axillary, solitary, on pedicels bracteolate at the base. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes, free or half superior, accrescent in fruit, with 2 basal bracteoles connate into a calyculus. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, with 5 slightly imbricate recurved lobes. Stamens 10, as long as the corolla, and inserted at its base, quite included or with the tips of the anthers exserted; anthers elongate, oblong, produced at the apex into two straight valvularlydehiscing tubes, but without dorsal appendages. Disk cupular, 10lobed. Ovary 5-celled; style filiform; stigma simple; ovules in the cells numerous, attached to axile placentas. Fruit superior or halfsuperior, included in the succulent accrescent calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing by 5 valves, many-seeded. Seeds minute, cuneate; testa lax, reticulate; albumen fleshy; embryo axile, cylindric.-DISTRIB. Species about 14, all Indian or Malayan.

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]

1. D. latifolia.

2. D. heterophylla. 3. D. erythrina.

A small glabrous a goose-quill, pale

1. DIPLYCOSIA LATIFOLIA, Blume Bijdr. 858. epiphytic shrub; young branches half as thick as and angled when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or somewhat rounded, the edges recurved; both surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry, the upper shining, the lower dull; the midrib bold, much raised on the lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper; main-nerves 2 or 3 pairs, curving upwards, the lower pair usually longer than the others, none of them very prominent on either surface, but more so on the lower than on the upper, reticulations obsolete; length 3 to 5 in.; breadth 1.35 to 3 in.; petioles 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers 2 in. long, in axillary fascicles of 3 or 4; their pedicels slender, 1 to 15 in. long, inserted 3 or 4 together on minute tubercles surrounded by several small bracts. Calyx cupular, 1 in. across, with 5 broad, spreading, obtuse, ciliolate lobes. Corolla 25 in. long, narrowly campanulate, contracted into a short tube at the base, the limb deeply divided into 5 ovate sub-acute lobes, closely embracing the ovary. Stamens 10, included; anthers narrowly oblong, each with two short apical truncate beaks but no basal processes; the filaments slender in their upper halves, the lower halves dilated and cohering into a tube. Ovary 5-celled, the apex broad, concave; style cylindric, about as long as the corolla; stigma small, capitate. Fruit 5-celled; seeds numerous, elongate, black, closely enveloped by the persistent corolla. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1055.

PERAK, at elevations of 6,700 feet: Wray 364, 909, 2204; Scortechini 339; King's Collector 6797, 8023. SELANGOR: Ridley 7556.DISTRIB. Java.

2. DIPLYCOSIA HETEROPHYLLA, Blume Bijdr. 858. A shrub; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, coarsely rusty-pilose at first, afterwards sub-glabrous, when dry pale and angled. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex and base, the edges recurved; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the upper sub-reticulate and shining, the lower dull and not reticulate; main-nerves 1 pair following the edge from base to apex, distinct and depressed like the midrib on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower; length 2 to 4 in.; breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole rather more than 2 in. long. Flowers axillary, fascicled, rarely solitary, about 15 in. long, bearing under the calyx 2 broadly reniform, acute, spreading concave bracts.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 broadly triangular erect lobes, closely applied to the fruit. Corolla widely campanulate, 2 in. long, the teeth 5, broad, blunt, short, reflexed. Fruit superior, sub-rotund, smooth, many-seeded, crowned by the fluted style; seeds oblong, concave, compressed, numerous.

PERAK: Scortechini.

3. DIPLYCOSIA ERYTHRINA, King & Gamble. A small tree, 10 to 20 feet high; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous, pale-brown when dry, angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the apex obtuse or sub-acute, the base acute, the edges recurved; both surfaces when dry pale-brown, the upper tinged with olivaceous, not reticulate, quite glabrous; main-nerves 2 to 3 pairs, ascending, rather straight, faint on both surfaces; length 1.5 to 2 in.; breadth 75 to 1 in.; petioles 1 in. long, stout. Racemes terminal, nearly twice as long as the leaves, with a large narrowly elliptic leaf-like bract 4 to 6 in. long, and 1 to 2 in. broad at the base of each flower-pedicel; pedicels decurved, 15 in. long in the flower, rather more than twice as long in the fruit. Flowers 4 in. long. Calyx 2 in. long, campanulate, with 5 spreading triangular acute lobes. Corolla 35 in. long, cylindric, narrowed towards the throat, glabrous; the mouth with 5 short, broad, blunt, recurved lobes. Stamens 10, slightly exserted; anthers broadly oblong, with neither apical nor basal appendages; the filaments three times as long, broadening towards the base, pubescent. Ovary inferior, its disk convex, hairy; style slightly exceeding the corolla, cylindric; stigma small, capitate. Fruit oblong-globose, 2 in. in diam., surmounted by the inflexed calyx-lobes, sub-glabrous, pericarp leathery; cells 5, each with several angular seeds. Vaccinium erythrinum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4688.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 feet: Wray 3816; King's Collector 7349; Scortechini.-DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra.

3. PIERIS, D. Don.

Trees or shrubs, with terete branchlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or serrulate, persistent. Racemes axillary and solitary, or terminal and in panicles; pedicels bracteate and also with 1 or 2 bracteoles. Calyx free, with 5 teeth or lobes; the segments in bud open or valvate. Corolla ovoid or elongate-urceolate, with 5 short recurved teeth, white. Stamens 10; anther-cells ovoid-truncate; filaments each with 2 divaricate horns from its apex or ex-appendiculate. Ovary globose with a lobed disk, 5-celled; ovules numerous; style cylindric; stigma capitellate or truncate. Capsule globose, dry, 5-celled, with 5-valved loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds many, linear-oblong, falcate, not

« السابقةمتابعة »