New Caledonia and New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, or the Malay Archipelago.

LEUCOPOGON, Br.

Shrubs, erect or prostrate, branching, rarely trees. Leaves various, sessile or petiolate, striate-nerved. Flowers small, white, in axillary or terminal spikes or racemes, the rachis ending in an imperfect flower; bract 1, bracteoles 2 to 3 under the calyx. Calyx 5-partite. Corollatube funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes 5, valvate in bud, patent or upper part recurved, hairy within. Stamens fixed to the top of the corolla-tube, filaments short, filiform; anthers dorsifixed, included or semi-exsert, linear or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled; style short or elongated, terminal; stigma sub-capitate; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous, with a crustaceous or bony endocarp, 1- to 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds small.-DISTRIB. About 130 species, all but about 20 Australian, the rest in New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, and the Malay Archipelago.

LEUCOPOGON MALAYANUS, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. v. 20, and Hook. Bot. Misc. II. 71. A small branching shrub, reaching 3 to 6 feet in height; branches grey, marked by the scars of fallen leaves, branchlets very leafy; branch-buds elongate, supported by imbricate parallel-veined ciliate deciduous scales. Leaves alternate, sessile, stiff, entire, narrowly lanceolate, acute and mucronate at apex, 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad, shining and convex above, dull or glaucous beneath, ciliate when young; midrib none, nerves very close, slender, longitudinally parallel, in old leaves scarcely visible. Flowers in short axillary 3- to 7-flowered spikes, 5 in. long, the last flower imperfect; rachis villous, sometimes flexuose; bracts ovate, recurved, bracteoles 2, ovate, acute, ciliate, closely embracing the calyx. Calyx-lobes 5, crustaceous, ellipticoblong, 125 in. long, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, 1 to 2 in. long; lobes 5, .1 to 15 in. long, spreading, villous within. Hypogynous scales 5, minute, free, obtuse. Stamens 5, short, alternate with the corollalobes; filaments inserted near the top of the anthers; anthers curved, pendent, opening longitudinally; pollen globose. Ovary 5-celled; ovule 1 in each cell, oblong; style erect, 05 in. long, villous; stigma sub-globose. Fruit a 5-celled baccate drupe, 1 to 2 in. in diam., each cell 1-seeded. Seeds not seen. Wall. Cat. 3720; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey and Wall. II. 301; G. Don Gen. Syst. III. 777; DC. Prod. VII. 744; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1052; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. Fl. II. 95; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 477. Styphelia malayica, Spreng. Syst. IV. Cur. post, 67.

PERAK: Scortechini 760; Cantley 46; King's Collector 7428, 8056.

MALACCA: Jack; Griffith (K.D.) 3453/1; Maingay (K.D.) 704; Lobb ; on Mount Ophir, Moxon; Ridley. SINGAPORE: Jack; Sir R. Schomburgk 50; Wallich 3720; Ridley 1832.-DISTRIB. Bangka, Teysmann; Borneo, Ridley.

VAR. moluccana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. Fl. II. 96. Leaves 5 to 1 in. long, subulate-pointed, venation more prominent, branchlets more slender. L. moluccanum, Scheff. Obs. Phyt. III. 97.

KEDAH peak: Low.-DISTRIB. Tenasserim, Helfer (K.D.) 3453.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves various, alternate or fascicled. Flowers in terminal scapes or branches, capitate, spicate, racemed or panicled; bracts scarious or leafy, often sheathing the flower, bracteoles 2. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, tubular or funnel-shaped, 5- to 10ribbed, often hyaline between the ribs; lobes 5, usually scarious. Corolla hypogynous; petals 5, free or connate at the base or united in a linear tube; lobes spreading. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; filaments free or adnate in a tube with the corolla; anthers ovate or oblong, dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, sessile or very shortly stalked, 1-celled, 5-angular above; styles 5, distinct from the base or connate below; stigmas sub-capitate; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle, anatropous. Fruit included in the calyx or elongate or exsert, dry or indehiscent, membranous or hardened at the apex, circumsciss or breaking near the thin base, the apex often 5-valved. Seeds cylindric or elongate, pendulous, albumen copious or little or 0, radicle superior; embryo straight, cotyledons linear or oblong.-DISTRIB. Species about 200, mostly of seacoasts or desert places throughout the world.

Large shrubs with broad-petioled leaves; styles 5, distinct; stamens united in a tube with the corolla

Perennial herbs with auriculate leaves; style 1, filiform, with 5 stigmatic branches; stamens free

1. ÆGIALITIS, R. Br.

1. EGIALITIS.

2. PLUMBAGO.

Simple-stemmed, soft-wooded shrubs. Leaves orbicular, alternate, coriaceous, glabrous, entire, smooth, gland-dotted, reticulately-veined, with long, thick, winged, amplexicaul petioles. Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles of racemes; bract 1, sheathing, coriaceous, obtuse; enclosing the 2 bracteoles. Calyx tubular, folded; lobes 5, short, induplicate-valvate. Corolla usually shorter than calyx, lobes 5,

slightly cohering at base. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals. Ovary 1-celled; styles free, stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, linear, long-exserted from the calyx, pentagonal, 1-seeded.-DISTRIB. Species 2, one Indian the other Australian.

EGIALITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 111. A simplestemmed, soft-wooded shrub, 3 to 8 feet high; stem about 3 in. in diam., conical in shape. Leaves alternate, orbicular, very slightly acute at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base, diam. 2 to 3 in., entire, glabrous, coriaceous, minutely glandular-dotted, shining above, dull beneath; midrib thick and prominent, veins at an angle of 60 degrees with the midrib, closely reticulate; petiole very stout, 2 to 3 in. long, prominently winged, the wings sheathing, amplexicaul, leaving annular scars when they fall. Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicled racemes; flowers pale yellow, nearly sessile, enclosed in sheathing bracts; bract 1, 3 to 4 in. long, concave, obtuse, enclosing the two similar but smaller bracteoles. Calyx cylindric, furrowed, 2 to 3 in. long; teeth 5, short. Corolla slightly longer than calyx; lobes 5,

narrow. Stamens inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments shorter than corolla-tube; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 1-celled, styles free, stigma capitate, ovule 1 pendulous. Wall. Cat. 7240; Griff. Notul. IV. 207; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 479; Prain Beng. Plants I. 638. E. annulata var. rotundifolia, DC. Prod. XII. 621. E. annulata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; For. Fl. II. 96 (not of R. Br.). Egianilites rotundifolia, Presl. Bot. Bemerk. 103. MALACCA: Griffith (K.D.) 4156.-DISTRIB. Coasts of Bengal and Burma and the Andaman Islands, in mangrove swamps.

2. PLUMBAGO, Linn.

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, rarely annual, branches usually straggling or sub-scandent. Leaves, if present, alternate, entire, the petioles usually amplexicaul, auriculate at base. Flowers in terminal. spikes or spicate racemes, forming sometimes a leafy terminal panicle; bract 1, bracteoles 2, usually small. Calyx tubular, glandular, 5-fid, the teeth erect. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube slender, lobes spreading. Stamens free; filaments filiform, inserted on hypogynous glands; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, usually exsert. Ovary attenuate at apex; style slender, divided into stigmatose branches; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle. Fruit a capsule, included in the persistent calyx and corolla, circumsciss near the base, hardened above; seed solitary, albumen very small, embryo slender, radicle superior, cotyledons oblong.-DISTRIB. About 10 species, found in the warm regions of both hemispheres.

PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 151. A straggling perennial herb; branches rounded, striate, glabrous. Leaves alternate, ovate, shortly acute at apex, rounded at base and suddenly narrowed and decurrent, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2.5 in. broad, entire, thin, glabrous above, somewhat scurfy beneath and often glaucous; midrib slender, prominent beneath, main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, also prominent, curving upwards, secondary nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole 5 to 1 in. long, winged by the gradually narrowing decurrent base of the blade, auricled and amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence a terminal leafy panicle of spicate racemes, the rachis densely glandular; bract ovate, acuminate, bracteoles 2, linear-subulate; pedicels very short or none, bracts and pedicels glandular. Calyx narrowly tubular, about 5 in. long, more or less deeply 5-fid; lobes slender, hyaline on the margins, covered thickly on the back with prominent stalked red glands. Corolla-tube white, slender, funnel-shaped, membranous, about 1 in. long; lobes 5, nearly 5 in. long, ovate, acute, patent. Stamens 5, free; filaments very slender; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, exsert. Ovary ovoid; style filiform, dividing into 5 stigmatose branches. Capsule membranous below, thick above, 5-furrowed, sharply pointed; seed pendulous, oblong; cotyledons obtuse. DC. Prod. XII. 692; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13, Fl. Ind. I. 462; Wall. Cat. 7241G; Wight Ill. t. 179; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 994; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 220; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 480; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 65; Prain Beng. Plants I. 639. P. auriculata, Bl. Bijdr. 736. P. viscosa, Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. I. 78. 'Tumbacodivéli,' Rheede Hort. Mal. X. t. 8.

PENANG: Curtis 93; Deschamps. NEGRI SEMBILAN : Ridley 10095. SINGAPORE: Deschamps; King's Collector 284.-DISTRIB. Tropical regions of the Old World, doubtfully indigenous in the Malay Peninsula or elsewhere.

Order LXXVIII. GENTIANACEÆ.

[By C. B. CLARKE.]

Herbs, erect, twining, or floating; glabrous except Microrphium. Leaves entire; those of the lower main stem opposite except in the floating plants. Inflorescence in 2- to 3-divided cymes, or peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers symmetric in calyx, corolla, stamens (except in Canscora). Calyx tubular or campanulate; lobes 4 to 5 (or by accident (?) 6), oblong or linear. Corolla gamopetalous, tube long or short; lobes as many as calyx-segments, usually dextrorsely contorted in the bud. Stamens as many as the corolla-segments, all perfect (except in

Canscora); filaments on the corolla-tube; anthers of 2 parallel cells. Ovary 1- (or imperfectly 2-) celled; of 2 carpels, superior or stalked or slightly inferior; style linear or oblong; stigma capitate or shortly 2-lobed; placentas parietal, sometimes much intruded, partly coalescing in the axis; ovules very many. Capsule dehiscent or indehiscent, not rarely becoming more or less succulent; seeds many, albuminous. -DISTRIB. Species 700; found in all countries.

Erect herbs; lower stem leaves (often all the leaves) opposite :

Glabrous; corolla blue

Pubescent all over

Glabrous; corolla rose-coloured or white

Twiner; corolla narrow, more than 1 in. long
Floating (or creeping on mud); leaves round-ovate :-
Peduncles solitary, from the axil of a long-petioled leaf
Peduncles clustered, from the axil of a sessile leaf..

1. EXACUM, Linn.

1. EXACUM.

2. MICRORPHIUM. 3. CANSCORA.

4. CRAWFURDIA.

5. VILLARSIA.

6. LIMNANTHEMUM.

Glabrous erect herbs. Leaves opposite, usually 3- to 5-nerved. Flowers panicled, 4- to 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed. Corolla rotate; tube globose; lobes ovate or oblong, blue or white. Stamens attached in the corolla throat; anthers large, of two oblong cells, which open first by terminal pores or short slits. Ovary more or less completely 2-celled; style linear; stigma sub-capitate. Capsule globose, septicidally 2-valved; seeds numerous, minute, cuboid.-DISTRIB. Species 30, whereof 20 Indian, the others in China, Malaya, Africa.

1. EXACUM TETRAGONUM, var. ẞ stylosa, C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 95. Stem 1 to 4 feet, quadrangular. Leaves 5 by 1 in., sessile, lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Panicle many-flowered; bracts at its divisions 25 to 5 in. long, linear; flowers 4-merous, or rarely 5-merous. Calyx-lobes 25 in. long, ovate acuminate. Corolla-lobes 5 in. long, broadly elliptic acute, full azure-blue. Anthers 2 in. long, straight. Style 5 in. long. Capsule globose, 25 in. in diam. E. stylosum (sp.), Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 46. E. chironioides, Griseb. Gent. 109, in DC. Prod. IX. 45. E. Horsfieldianum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 556. E. sulcatum, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV. 425 (not of Roxb.). E. tetragonum, Vidal Fl. Filip. 191.

SINGAPORE: Lobb 473.—DISTRIB. From Burma to Borneo and the Philippines.

2. EXACUM PEDUNCULATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 112; ed. II. 163.