Captain Sanger and Captain Cunha of the Navy, and Major Bailey of the Army, are you here? You gentlemen come around and be sworn if you will, and then I will make an announcement.

Captain Sanger will be the next witness.

If it is agreeable to the subcommittee we will recess in a few minutes until 2:30.

All right, gentlemen, do you and each of you solemnly swear that your testimony before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Captain SANGER. I do.

Captain CUNHA. I do.

Major BAILEY. I do.

Senator STENNIS. Captain Sanger, you can be here at 2:30?
Captain SANGER. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. If it is agreeable with the subcommittee, we will now take a recess to 2:30.

(Whereupon, at 1 p.m., the subcommittee stood in recess, to reconvene at 2:30 p.m., the same day.)

AFTERNOON SESSION

CHAIRMAN'S COMMENDATION TO SANGER

Senator STENNIS. The subcommittee will please come to order. Captain Sanger, we are especially glad to have you here today. If the subcommittee will permit me just a very brief personal word, I knew Captain Sanger and was intimately familiar with his work when he was here at the Pentagon on a previous assignment beginning some 6 or 7 years ago and down to some 3 years ago. I know personally that at that time he did an outstanding job and was a credit to the Navy, to himself, and to the military as a whole. And I was very pleased to hear reports after these hearings started or after this subcommittee was appointed, although I wasn't surprised at his continuing good record. I was very pleased to hear about it in connection with your command of the Naval Air Station out at Seattle, Wash.

Frankly, until this morning, I thought you were still there. I mean that that was your place of duty, but you are back now in the Pentagon. I see here that during the period that you were in command at the Naval Air Station, Seattle, you were awarded the Conway trophy for the most efficient station in the Naval Air Reserve Training Command, and the CNATRA trophy for the most improved station, having come from last to first place in 1 year. I wish to commend you highly, sir, for those additional standards and your fine record. I assure you again we are delighted to have you, and even though you do not have a prepared statement, you are familiar with the purposes here. Will you start off with some points? I always think that is helpful to us.

SANGER BIOGRAPHY

Mr. Reporter, the biographical sketch of the Captain will be put in the record at this point.

(The document referred to follows:)

BIOGRAPHY OF CAPT. KENNETH J. SANGER, U.S. NAVY

Capt. Kenneth J. Sanger, U.S. Navy, relieved Rear Adm. T. A. Christopher, U.S. Navy, as Director of Recruiting in October 1961. The captain had been commanding officer of the Naval Air Station, Seattle, Wash., prior to his present assignment.

Captain Sanger was born in New York City on March 19, 1914, and lived there until he was accepted at the U.S. Naval Academy. There he graduated and was commissioned on June 6, 1935.

The new ensign's first assignment was aboard the light cruiser U.S.S. Raleigh. He was attached to her for 2 years including the period the ship operated in the Mediterranean during the Spanish Civil War.

He served in the Pacific during World War II and was commanding officer of Patrol Bombing Squadron 54 and Headquarters Squadron Fleet Air Wing 8. This was from 1943 to 1945. He also participated with the 1st Marine Air Wing in the Peleliu Palau Islands campaign.

VBP-54, under Captain Sanger, then a commander, distinguished itself in many missions. Some of these included providing escort and weather plane service for Marine squadrons from Espiritu Santo to the target area at Peleliu Palau.

Also, the squadron conducted air-sea rescue and evacuation flights in the Philippines. From December 1944 to February 1945, Captain Sanger on such flights, rescued 46 Army, Navy, and Philippines personnel.

One of his most memorable flights occurred while he was serving as commander of a Catalina patrol plane. At this time he located an enemy combatant task force. He singled out a large enemy cruiser and made a low level attack despite heavy antiaircraft fire. For this action he was awarded the Silver Star Medal.

He was also awarded the Letter of Commendation with Ribbon, Distinguished Flying Cross, and Air Medal for his service which included participating in the Guadalcanal, Guam, and Philippine campaigns.

During the Korean campaign he was executive officer aboard the attack carrier U.S.S. Philippine Sea. Again his devotion to duty earned him the Bronze Star and a Navy Unit Citation.

The commendation attached to his Bronze Star is in the words of Vice Adm. J. J. Clark, then commander, U.S. 7th Fleet. In part, it reads, "* *** His zealous and untiring leadership contributed to the successful accomplishment of the ship's mission of inflicting the maximum amount of damage to the enemy."

Upon graduation from the National War College in 1956, Captain Sanger became head of the Shore Establishment, Plans and Programs Branch, and Acting Director of the Aviation Plans Division for the Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, D.C.

From June 1959 to September 1961, he was assigned to command the Naval Air Station, Seattle, Wash. During this period the Naval Air Station was awarded the Conway Trophy for the most efficient station in the Naval Air Reserve Training Command, and the CNATRA Trophy for the most improved station having come from last to first place in 1 year.

Captain Sanger is presently assigned duty as Director, Recruiting Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel.

Mo.

Captain Sanger is married to the former Miss Helen Tisdale, of St. Joseph, Their son, Kenneth T. Sanger, is in his third year at the U.S. Naval Academy. The Sangers also have a daughter, Helen, age 10.

TESTIMONY OF CAPT. KENNETH J. SANGER, U.S. NAVY, DIRECTOR, RECRUITING DIVISION, BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL

SANGER'S ORAL STATEMENT ON NAS, SEATTLE SEMINAR ACTIVITY

Captain SANGER. It is a pleasure to be here before this committee. I thank you for your most kind remarks. It is always a pleasure to testify before you, as I have done on other occasions.

As commanding officer of the Naval Air Station, Seattle, I was responsible for the conduct of five seminars on the naval air station beginning in 1959.

Until December 1960 these seminars were conducted and the leadership program under General Order No. 21 was conducted on the naval air station without one letter of protest or any unfavorable remarks by anyone.

I would like at the outset to say that the program in Seattle in the press, in the Seattle Times, Seattle Post-Intelligence, and the Pacific Northwest Progress, the three leading newspapers in Seattle, we had nothing but wholehearted support. We had the wholehearted support of virtually 99 percent of the people living in Seattle and its environs.

Any criticism in the press on these seminars commenced right after the turn of the year in 1961, and they emanated from newspapers and periodicals outside the Pacific Northwest area. They came from such places as the New York area, primarily from the New York area, but also from other media. The location of their main office I don't know, I am not familiar with, sir.

This is in general the background I understand of what you are trying to cover in this session on seminars. If you would like to have the purpose of, say, some of these seminars

Senator STENNIS. Yes; give us your ideas, your experience out there in coping with this situation, I mean putting on your program, and then handling the situation that arose which has been outstanding, I think.

I wish you would just go into that, tell us what practical problems arose, and then how you coped with them. That is not cutting you short or limiting your time, but be moderately brief in that because there will be questions to be asked.

Captain SANGER. Of course the Naval Air Station, Seattle, is a station primarily devoted to the training of naval air reservists—and we train them on weekends, approximately five or six squadrons of reservists, citizen sailors, each weekend-who come aboard the air station for 48 hours of training, both flight training and technical training.

When we started our leadership program under General Order No. 21 at the Naval Air Station, Seattle, we of course considered it essential that we not only give this program to our own personnel, the entire leadership program, but we also should give it to our reservists. The reservists received this program way beyond our expectations.

They were very, very much in favor of it, and of course these reservists on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, were civilians and key civilians, many of them, within the community, members of the Rotary Club, Lions Club, chamber of commerce, and so forth, and some of the lectures that we gave to them on the weekends when they became program chairmen or made recommendations to the Rotary or the Lions Club, made recommendations that someone from the air station give a speech along these lines of the leadership program or on Americanism versus the Communist philosophy, and on each occasion we responded to it. And this of course snowballed and more and more people requested speeches.

Any time a speaker was requested, we insured that the speech was requested in writing, and we have requests on file at the air stationI have many illustrations of them here with me, if the committee is interested in it.

But we felt in the beginning that any program of this nature, unless we were completely careful of our quality of speeches and before whom we gave speeches and with whom we associated and affiliated, if we weren't completely above board and careful on our program, that we could run into very serious trouble, which could hurt the Navy. Hurting ourselves is not part of the problem. It is hurting the Navy and hurting the country that concerned us.

Quality control, therefore, became one of the greatest issues that we had to be sure we were on top of. In order to insure this quality, I might read briefly from a Naval Air Station, Seattle, instruction which I signed stating that—

It must be remembered that a speaker who has been requested from the command is looked upon as an official spokesman for the U.S. Navy. Consequently the content of the speech must conform to official policy as defined by the Department of Defense. To insure that there is no conflict between the content of the speeches presented by representatives of this command and expressed Department of Defense policy, a series of speeches will be prepared by the assistant to the commanding officer for leadership. Unless the specific speeches requested by the organization to whom the presentation is to be made, the assigned speaker is free to choose whichever of the several prepared speeches he wants to present. Each panel member is encouraged to paraphrase the prepared script using his own phraseology. However, the content and organization of the prepared script must be followed.

We never had any protests or any adverse publicity from any speech ever made, and we made some 400 speeches in a little over a year in the Pacific Northwest, not just in the Seattle area. An example of some of the response to this

Senator STENNIS. Pardon me, you mean 400 speeches made by men under your command?

Captain SANGER. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right.

Captain SANGER. One of the typical examples is a speech given at Whitworth College, a Presbyterian college at Spokane:

Your presence on our campus was enthusiastically received by both students and faculty. For all of us I want to express my deep appreciation for making the trip

and so forth.

I would like to especially commend your use of the visual materials. This really communicated to the students and made a sharp contrast which will not soon be forgotten.

The seminars themselves were conducted to primarily stimulate people within the community to a reexamination of our basic principles behind our American heritage, the basic ideals which made this country great. It wasn't washing machines and Cadillacs that made us great, as you all well know. It is our basic American heritage, the basic ideals expressed in our Declaration of Independence, in the Constitution of the United States.

To get a rededication to those principles, to actually live by them— and we can't possibly be leaders in the world unless we set the example to the rest of the world-the primary consideration of leadership is

example. Too often we don't set the example. People say "What you are speaks so loud I can't hear you."

In addition to stimulating toward a rededication toward our basic American principles, we also provided information on the present threat to our American heritage, to our freedoms, the Marxist-Leninist Communist conspiracy.

Now the first seminar we held was with adults from States throughout the Pacific Northwest, from the States of Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and Montana. We called that a youth leadership seminar and tried to impress on the adults the importance of our setting the example to the youngsters.

The youngsters today are just as fine as they were when we were youngsters and just as fine as they were 200 or 300 years ago. We feel the main cause of juvenile delinquency, which is only about 3 percent of our young population, but it amounts to quite a few people and we hear mostly the bad things and we don't hear very many of the good things about our youth-we feel that the juvenile delinquency and poor attitudes of youngsters is caused by the example that we are setting to them.

This conference met with considerable success, and I talked to some of the local school board members, some of the local people in the school system, including the parochial school system of Seattle, and more or less planted the seed of an idea with them that if they were interested in having the students themselves participate and discuss our American heritage and get talks about our American heritage and also inform themselves on the basic nature and philosophy of communism, we felt this might be worthwhile.

The school officials thought so, too, and they went and had their own private conference to determine whether they wanted to participate in this sort of thing or not.

They came back and said they did, and we said if they did we would make our facilities available to them, and if they wanted speakers, we would assist them in obtaining speakers.

The first such seminar we had was in April during the Easter vacation of 1960, solely for high school juniors and seniors from all of the 10 high schools, public high schools in the Seattle area. And also we had representatives of the six parochial schools under the archdiocese of Seattle, some 130 students. I would like to read the purpose of this conference:

To give the young people of Seattle the opportunity to express themselves publicly on specific problems which are manifest in attitudes of complacency, indifference, and apathy apparent in our Nation today.

To propose action to rekindle enthusiasm for the practice of our basic American principles and philosophy which are fundamental and essential to "secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity."

To propose action to emphasize the community responsibility of all young adults and to suggest means available now in making our community a better place to live.

To propose action so that our community can become better informed concerning militantly atheistic communistic Soviet imperialism and other major threats to our way of life in the coming decade.

To propose action in stressing the importance of developing for future leadership young men and women who believe and practice the basic virtues of honesty, integrity, loyalty, and patriotism.