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a tradition of this conquest was heard by the Portuguese Fernão Nuniz who, in his chronicles written probably in A.D. 1535-7, thus says:

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'By his death one called Bucarão inherited this kingdom, and he conquered many lands which at the time of the destruction of that kingdom remained rebellious, and by him they were taken and turned to his power and lordship; and he took the kingdom of Orya, which is very great; it touches on Bemgalla." [Sewell's Vijayanagara, p. 300].

The great event of Bhanu Deva's reign was the invasion of Jājnagar by the Delhi Sultan Firuz Shah. A lengthy description of this invasion will be found in Tarikh-i-Firüz-Shahi, of Shams-i-Siraj-'Afif, [Elliot, III, 312-5]. An abstract of it is given in Major Raverty's translation of Tabākāt-i-Nāṣirī, note 4 to p. 587 (below pp. 591-2). This is quoted here to economise space :—

"On his reaching Jun-pür the rains again set in [760 H]." (? 761 H.), "and he stayed there during the rainy season, and in Zī-Hijjah of that year set out by way of Bihār towards Jāj-nagar, which was at the extremity of the territory of Gaḍhah-Katankah. When the Sultan reached Karah, Malik Kutb-ud-din, brother of Zaffir Khan was left behind with the troops and the heavy equipage, and he advanced with celerity through Bihār towards Jāj-nāgar.... Having passed the river Mahā-nadri, Mahan-dari, or Mahan-adri [the river which falls into the Son doubtless is meant] he reached the city or town of Banārsi [Shams-i-Sarāj and Alfi have Banāras and Budā'-ūni Bārāni] which is "[sic was] "the capital and abode of the Rae of Jāj-nagar [Shams-i-Sarāj has Rāe of Jājnagar-ūḍisah]. The Rae fled towards Taling [Talingānah], and the Sulṭān not pursuing him [Firishtah says pursuing], proceeded to hunt elephants in the vicinity [Shams-i-Sarāj says the Sultan remained some time at Banaras, and the Rae took shelter in one of the islands of the, or on a, river]; during which time the Rãe despatched emissaries and sought for peace, sending at the same time three elephants, besides rarities and precious things [Shams-i-Sarāj says after his return from Padmawati]. Hunting as he went along, the Sulṭān reached the territory of Rãe Bhānu Diw [Shams-i-Sarāj, Bir Bhān Diw— Alfi, Pir Māhi Diw-perhaps Bir Mahi] who sent him some elephants He then returned from thence with the object of hunting, came to Padmāwati, South Bihar probably, which is a part abounding with elephants, captured thirty-three and killed two which could not be secured.... From Padmawati Sulṭān Firuz Shāh returned to Karah in Rajab 762 H."

[Çaka 1300-1

XIV. Nṛsimha Dēva IV.

The following inscriptions of this king's time are known :—

MATERIALS.

Reiguing in C. 1324.]

No.

Langnage.

1

S. & T.

2

Date-extracts.

Çaka-varṣabulu 1301 agunē Narasṁhya-dēva-nṛpatē-stāttiryy a k-ā ŋkē Ghaṭā-māsē Brahma-dinē...... (Then again) Vira...si (*m)hya-dēvasya pravarddhamana-vijaya-rājya-samvatsara....kē vihanya-mānē Kumbhaçukla-tritiyāyāṁ Guru-vārē, Çaka 1301, year 3, Kumbha Çu. 3, Thursday =9th February, A.D. 1380. S. & T. Çaka-varaṣambulu 1302 agunēți vīraÇri-Narasimha-dēvara pravar(*d)dhamana.vijaya-rājya - saṁh(v)atsarambulu 4, çrahi Kumbha kṛṣṇa 9 Guru-vārāna, or Çaka 1302(? 3), year 4, Kumbha Kr. 9, Thursday. Çaka-nṛpatē-ratītēṣu pañc-adhikē şu trayōdaça-çata-saṁ v a ch charēṣu caturdaça-dh (bhuv)an-adhipat- i t y · ādi-virud-ãbalī-virājamānaḥ Crimān Nrsimha-dēva-nṛpatēḥ sva-rājyasya aṣṭ-ankē abhilikhyamānē Caitrē māsi Çuklē paksē trayōdaçy āṁ tithau Ravivārē, or Çaka 1305 (P), year 8, Caitra Çu. 13, Sunday=6th March, A.D. 1384.

3

S.

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Çaka-nṛpate-ratītēṣu ṣōḍaç-ādhikēṣu Puri Copperplates
trayōdaça-çata-sainvatsarēṣu caturd- (B); J.A.S.B., 1895,
daça-bhuvan-ādhipat-īty-ādi-viru d-
p. 151.

=

āvalī-vīrājamānaḥ Cri-vira-Nrasimha-
dēva-nṛpatiḥ(ēḥ) sva-rājyasya dvā-
vimçaty-anke abhilikhyamānē Vichā-
çukla-ēkādaçyam Mamgala - vā rē,
Çaka 1316 (P), Vicha, Çu. 11, Tues-
day A.D. 1395, 23rd November.
Asmin rājyē trayō-viṁçaty-a îkē Vichā-
dvitiya-kṛṣṇa-saptami Pandita-vā rē,
or year 23, Vicha 2nd, Kr. 7, Tues-
day=A.D. 1396, 22nd November.
E çrāhi Mina-saṁkrānti-kṛṣṇa-ēkādaçi
Sani-vārē, or the same year, Mina
Sankranti, Kr. 11, Saturday =A.D.
1397, 24th February.

Ditto.

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Vira-Cri-Narasimhya - dẽ ₺ a mkara Ep Rep., No. 299, of
vijaya-rājya-samvatsaraṁbulu 1324 Çrīkūrmam.

agumnnēmți Puşya-çukla-paurnnamī

J. 1 18

Ditto.

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The inscription, No. 299, of Çrikūrmaṁ is dated Çaka 1324. The

Last date known.

inscription, No. 279, is unfortunately broken; but if of Çaka 1346, then it would be the latest known date of this dynasty and probably of this king. No regnal years being given, this inscription may possibly belong to a successor.

He was son of Bhānu Dēva III through his queen Hīrā Dēvi of Calukya Kula. His name has been variously written as Vira-Nrsimha-dēva, Vira-Cri

Relationship and titles.

Narasimha Dēva, vira-Cri-Nrsimha Deva, and in the copperplates he has been given virudas beginning with "caturdaça-bhuvan-ādhipati."

If this is not an oriental hyperbole, the first king of the Sharki Historical facts. dynasty, Khwajah-i-Jahān, who ruled Jūn pūr from 796 to 802 A.H., is said to have compelled Lakhaṇawați and Jāj-nagar to pay him tributes. In 815 A.H. Sultan Firuz of the Bahmani dynasty entered Jaj-nagar and carried off a number of elephants.

In 825 A.H., Ḥusan-ud-din Hoshang, the second independent king of Mālwah, made an adventurous raid into Jāj-nagar, which is thus described in the Ain-i-Akbari:

"On one occasion. cunningly disguised as a merchant, he set out for Jaj-nagar. The ruler of that country accompanied by a small retinue visited the caravan. Hoshang took him prisoner and hastened back. While journeying together, Hoshang told him that he had been induced to undertake this expedition in order to procure a supply of elephants, and added that if his people attempted a rescue, the prince's life should pay the penalty. The prince, therefore, sending for a number of valuable elephants, presented them to him and was set at liberty."

XV. The Dark Period.

[? Çaka 1346 - Çaka 1356-7.]

This period has no inscriptions and is thus shrouded in darkness. According to the Mādaļā Pāñji or Chronicles ? Bhānu Dēva IV. of Jagannatha temple, the last king of Gayga-vamça was Bhānu Dēva (? IV) surnamed Akața-Abaṭā, and according to one version Matta. When he died, his minister Kapilēndra alias Kapilēçvara Deva usurped the throne and founded the Süryyavaṁça. His inscriptions show his reign to have begun in Çaka 1356-7 or A.D. 1434-5. [See my article on the Sūryya-vaṁça kings, J.A.S.B., 1900, p. 180 et seq.]

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