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II.

Table showing the extent of the several Fiscal Divisions of the Chuklah, and the cost of the Tehseeldaree Establishments.

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Nizamabad Nizamabad, 1,150 440| 1,34,334 49,283 1,83,617 3,07,411 9,108 2 15

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3. Deogaon, Deogaon, 456 195 63,517 22,506 86,023 1,18,689 4,008 3 6

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Total,.. 5,541 2,121 5,54,104 2,25,451 7,79,555 13,06,642 42,936 3 41

Note. The area, population, and Jumma are entered as in the preceding Table.

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III.

Table showing the extent of the several Police Divisions of the Chuklah, and the cost of the Establishment.

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Deogaon, 18. Deogaon, 456 195 63,517| 22,506 86,023 1,18,689 1,320 1

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Total,.... 5,541 2,121 5,54,104 2,25,451 7,79,555 13,06,642 25,692 1 1

Note. The area, population, and Jumma are entered as in the preceding Tables.

IV.

Table showing the strength and charge of the Local Establishment on the Jumma of the Chuklah.

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N. B. The Darogahs, Jemadars, Sowars, and Burkundazes are reckoned as armed, the rest are unarmed. The Sudder Establishments show that portion of the charge which should be debited to the Chuklah Pergunnahs, exclusive of Pergunnahs Secunderpoor, and Budaon, which are part of the permanently settled province of Benares. The charge has been distributed on the Jumma, but the total of persons is shown. The higher Civil Establishments are assumed at the average salaries of the respective grades, thus, 1 Collector and Magistrate at 22,500 per annum. 1 Judicial Magistrate and Deputy Collector at 12,000 per annum. 1 Judge at 30,000 per annum. 1 Principal Sudder Ameen at 7,200 per annum. 1 Native Deputy Collector at 4,800 per annum. 2 Moonsiffs at 1830 per annum.

6th. The chief natural products of the district are Sugar, Indigo, and Opium. Comparatively little grain is grown in the district, seldom sufficient for the support of the whole population, which is partly dependent upon importation from the neighbouring district of Goruckpore, or from Behar, or the Western Provinces, as the crops in either direction may happen to have been the most plentiful. The river

Goggra is the general channel for these importations. Golahs, or grain markets, are established all along the course of this stream, and the supplies are thence poured in, as necessary, to all the manufacturing towns in the district.

7th. Sugar is the staple produce. It is cultivated throughout, and always yields a high rent, generally 12 or 15 rupees the acre; but in some parts of Pergunnah Mahol, where the finest Sugar land is situated, it runs as high as 30 or 40 rupees the acre. An effort has been made to ascertain the value of the Sugar annually produced in the district, founded on a calculation of the quantity of land shown by the settlement returns to be under Sugar cultivation, and the average produce of the land. This estimate gives a total area of 1,02,735 beegahs (acres 57,877), the produce of which is 12,32,707 Ghazeepore maunds (11,55,663 cwt.) of Goor, or inspissated juice. This may be valued at 33,89,946 rupees, and is calculated to yield 3,08,177 maunds (2,88,916 cwt.) of Sugar of 1st quality, and 1,23,271 maunds (1,15,989 cwt.) of Sugar of 2nd quality, and to give the manufacturers a net profit of 4,12,957 rupees. For this estimate, I am indebted to the ingenuity and research of my successor in the collectorship of the district, Mr. R. Montgomery. As the calculation is curious, I have given it in detail. in the Appendix (A.)

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6,00,000 were advanced to persons in the district for its supply, and then prices were steady; but when this demand was suddenly stopped in 1832-3, and the Company withdrew from the market, prices of course fell, and some distress was consequently experienced till the trade found new channels. Lately, the reduction in England of the duties on East India Sugar, has occasioned much speculation, and a great rise of prices. It is not likely they will continue long at the same standard, but a much lower rate will handsomely remunerate the cultivator, and lead to considerable extention of the cultivation.

9th. The immediate effect of the demand for the home market has been to draw down to Calcutta a great deal of the Sugar, which till lately had found its way to Mirzapore, and thence to the markets of

Central India, and the Western Provinces. The total quantity for which certificates have been granted under Act xxx11, 1836, from the time the provisions of that enactment came into operation in December 1836, till November 1837, was 1,58,162 maunds. All the raw produce of the district is manufactured into Sugar within its limits, and exported in the refined state. European skill or capital has not yet been largely or successfully employed in the manufacture: this is generally conducted at small native factories scattered all over the districts. There are scarcely any large villages without one or two of these factories, which afford a ready market for the produce of the surrounding country. The largest native factory belongs to Deep Chund Suhoo, and is situated at Decha, in Pergunnah Nizamabad, about eight miles south east of Azimgurh. The same person has also a similarly large factory at Muchaitee in Jaunpore, just on the southern border of Pergunnah Deogaon, whence a great deal of the raw material is drawn. It should however be remarked, that the juice is expressed, and inspissated, i. e. formed into Goor, by every cultivator himself, at simple mills, and boilers erected in the immediate neighbourhood of his field. The manufacturer confines his labour to converting this Goor into refined Sugar.

10th. Indigo was some years ago much more cultivated than it is at present the quantity now annually manufactured is about 1,500 maunds. It is reckoned a good quality in the market, and brings a good price, but still neither the climate nor soil is peculiarly adapted to the production of the plant; and whilst Sugar is so much in demand, advances can readily be obtained by the cultivators on Sugar-cane crops, and the facilities of procuring land for Indigo will be diminished. Since, however, Europeans have been permitted to hold land, several villages, or parts of villages, have passed into the hands of the Indigo planters by sale, or mortgage, and in these Indigo can be cultivated to any extent that may be found profitable.

11th. About 1,700 maunds of Opium are annually produced in the district. This, at the cost price of 300 rupees per maund, would bring upwards of 5,00,000 of rupees into the hands of the agriculturists. The cultivation of the Poppy is at present confined almost entirely to the Keorees, a class of industrious cultivators, some of whom are to be found in almost every large village in the district, conducting the garden cultivation in its immediate precincts. They are generally tenants with rights of occupancy, or at will, and are very seldom themselves proprietors of the land. They constitute almost a separate community, having Mahtoes or Sirdars from amongst their own body, through

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