China. After serving in China during most of 1927, he completed basic school in 1928. He then served at Quantico, Va.; Pensacola, Fla.; and San Diego, Calif. From June 1929 to September 1931, Lieutenant Shoup was assigned to the Marine detachment aboard the U.S.S. Maryland. By coincidence, the U.S.S. Maryland was the flagship for the assault on Tarawa 12 years later, providing emergency naval gunfire support with her 16-inch guns early on D-day. On his return from sea duty, he served as a company officer at the Marine Corps base (later Marine Corps Recruit Depot), San Diego, until May 1932 when he was ordered to the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Wash. He was promoted to first lieutenant in June 1932. Lieutenant Shoup later served on temporary duty with the Civilian Conservation Corps in Idaho and New Jersey from June 1933 to May 1934. Following duty in Seattle, Wash., he was again ordered to China in November 1934, serving briefly with the 4th Marines in Shanghai, and, subsequently, at the American Legation in Peiping. He returned to the United States, via Japan, early in June 1936 and was again stationed at the Puget Sound Navy Yard. He was promoted to captain in October 1936. Captain Shoup entered the junior course, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, in July 1937. On completing the course in May 1938, he served as an instructor for 2 years. In June 1940, he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego. He was promoted to major in April 1941. One month later, Major Shoup was ordered to Iceland with the 6th Marines and, after serving as regimental operations officer, became operations officer of the 1st Marine Brigade in Iceland in October 1941. For his service in Iceland during the first 3 months after the United States entered World War II he was awarded the Letter of Commendation with Commendation Ribbon. He assumed command of the 2d Battalion, 6th Marines, in February 1942. On returning to the States in March, the 1st Marine Brigade was disbanded and he returned with his battalion to San Diego. In July 1942, he became assistant operations and training officer of the 2d Marine Division. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. Sailing from San Diego aboard the U.S.S. Matsonia in September 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Shoup arrived at Wellington, New Zealand, later that month. From then until November 1943 he served as G-3, operations and training officer of the 2d Marine Division during its training period in New Zealand. His service in this capacity during the planning of the assault on Tarawa earned him his first Legion of Merit with Combat "V." During this period he also served briefly as an observer with the 1st Marine Division on Guadalcanal in October 1942, and with the 43d Army Division on Rendova, New Georgia, in the summer of 1943, earning a Purple Heart in the latter operation. Promoted to colonel November 9, 1943, Colonel Shoup was placed in command of the 2d Marines (reinforced), the spearhead of the assault on Tarawa. During this action he earned the Medal of Honor as well as a second Purple Heart. In December 1943, he became Chief of Staff of the 2d Marine Division. For outstanding service in this capacity from June to August 1944, during the battles for Saipan and Tinian, he was again awarded the Legion of Merit with Combat "V." He returned to the United States in October 1944. On his return to the States, Colonel Shoup served as logistics officer, Division of Plans and Policies, Headquarters Marine Corps. He was again ordered overseas in June 1947. Two months later he became commanding officer, Service Command, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. In June 1949, he joined the 1st Marine Division at Camp Pendleton as Division Chief of Staff. A year later he was transferred to Quantico where he served as commanding officer of the basic school from July 1950 until April 1952. He was then assigned to the Office of the Fiscal Director, Headquarters Marine Corps, serving as assistant fiscal director. He was promoted to brigadier general in April 1953. In July 1953, General Shoup was named fiscal director of the Marine Corps. While serving in this capacity, he was promoted to major general in September 1955. Subsequently, in May 1956, he began a brief assignment as inspector general for recruit training. Following this, he served as inspector general of the Marine Corps from September 1956 until May 1957. He returned to Camp Pendleton in June 1957 to become commanding general of the 1st Marine Division. General Shoup joined the 3d Marine Division on Okinawa in March 1958 as commanding general. Following his return to the States, he served as commanding general of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, from May to October 1959. On November 2, 1959, he was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned duties as Chief of Staff, Headquarters Marine Corps. He served in this capacity until he assumed his current assignment. General Shoup was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on August 14, 1959, to be the 22d Commandant of the Marine Corps. Subsequently, his nomination for a 4-year term, beginning January 1, 1960, was confirmed by the Senate. A complete list of the general's medals and decorations includes the Medal of Honor, the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" and Gold Star in lieu of a second award, the Letter of Commendation with Commendation Ribbon, the Purple Heart with Gold Star in lieu of a second award, the Presidential Unit Citation, the Yangtze Service Medal, the Expeditionary Medal, the American Defense Service Medal with base clasp, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four bronze stars, the American Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, and the British Distinguished Service Order. General Shoup is married to the former Zola De Haven of Covington, Ind. They have a daughter, Carolyn (now Mrs. Joel S. Watkins); and a son, Robert. The general's parents are deceased. GEN. CURTIS E. LEMAY, USAF Curtis Emerson LeMay was born in Columbus, Ohio, on November 15, 1906. In October 1928 he was appointed a second lieutenant in the Regular Army, after completing flight training at Kelly Field, Tex. He was graduated from Ohio State University with a bachelor of engineering degree in June 1938. The General's first tour of duty was with the 27th Pursuit Squadron at Selfridge Field, Mich., and this was followed by such assignments as engineer, operations, and intelligence officer and navigator-pilot and commander of a B-17 airplane. He also took a 3-month course in navigation at Langley Field, Va., and was graduated from the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field, Ala. In 1937 General LeMay participated in the good will South American flight of B-17 Flying Fortresses, led by the late Maj. Gen. Robert Olds. A second good will trip to South America, which he made the following year, brought the entire group the Mackay trophy. Just prior to the United States entry into World War II, he pioneered the ferry routes to Africa via South America and the South Atlantic and to England via the North Atlantic. General LeMay then trained the 305th Bombardment Group, which he took to England in the fall of 1942. He introduced formation pattern bombing, where all aircraft drop their bombs in synchronization with a leader who provides all data on range and deflection. He also put into tactical use the combat formation utilizing 18 aircraft in each group. These same techniques were adapted to the B-29's of his 20th Bomber Command in the China-Burma-India theater. In his final tour of duty with the Eighth Air Force, from June 1943 to June 1944, General LeMay was commanding general of the Third Bombardment Division. In August 1943 he led the famous shuttle mission of Flying Fortresses from England to Africa, the first such made (target: Regensburg, Germany). He was transferred in August 1944 to the China-Burma-India theater to head the 20th Bomber Command. General LeMay was appointed commander of the Marianas-based B-29's (21st Bomber Command) in January 1945. When this command was changed to the 20th Air Force, he continued to head it until he was assigned as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army Strategic Air Forces, with headquarters at Guam. He continued in those duties until September 1945 when he made a nonstop flight from Hokkaido, Japan, to Chicago, Ill. On December 5, 1945, the general, in his first postwar assignment, was transferred to the Pentagon at Washington, D.C., to be the first Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development, Headquarters, Army Air Forces. General LeMay, on October 1, 1947, was named commanding general of the U.S. Air Forces in Europe. In October 1948 he assumed command of Strategic Air Command at Andrews Air Force Base, Md., and the following month moved with SAC headquarters to Offutt Air Force Base, Nebr., retaining his position as commanding general. In July 1957, the general was appointed Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., and on July 1, 1961 became the Chief of Staff, USAF. General LeMay's distinguished service has won him many awards and decorations from his Government, as well as foreign governments. The United States has awarded him the Distinguished Service Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters (an oak leaf cluster or star indicates repeated awards), the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf clusters, the Air Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Distinguished Unit Citation with one oak leaf cluster, the American Defense Service Medal, the American Campaign Medal, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with three service stars, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four service stars, the World War II Victory Medal, the Army of Occupation Medal with the Berlin airlift emblem, the Medal for Humane Action, and the National Defense Service Medal. His foreign decorations include the British Distinguished Flying Cross, the French Legion of Honor-Degree of Commander and the Croix de Guerre with palm, the Brazilian Order of the Southern Cross and the Order of Aeronautical Merit, the Russian Order of Patriotic War-First Degree, the Belgian Croix de Guerre with palm, the Moroccan Ouissam Alaouite, the Chilean Order of Merit, and the Argentinean Order of Aeronautical Merit-Grade of Grand Official. The general is an active, jet-qualified command pilot. He also holds the aeronautical ratings of aircraft observer, combat observer, and technical observer. General LeMay and his wife Helen Maitlind, have a daughter, Patricia Jane, born in 1939. PROMOTIONS He was promoted to first lieutenant (temporary) March 12, 1935; to first lieutenant (permanent) June 1, 1935; to captain (permanent) January 6, 1940; to major (temporary) March 21, 1941; to lieutenant colonel (temporary) January 5, 1942; to colonel (temporary) March 1, 1942; to brigadier general (temporary) September 28, 1943; to major general (temporary) March 2, 1944; to brigadier general (permanent) May 2, 1946; to lieutenant general (temporary) October 1, 1947; to major general (permanent) February 19, 1948; to general (temporary) October 29, 1951. GEN. LYMAN LOUIS LEMNITZER He Lyman L. Lemnitzer was born in Honesdale, Pa., on August 29, 1899. graduated from Honesdale High School in June 1917, and the following year entered the U.S. Military Academy, graduating in 1920. His assignments from tht time until the outbreak of World War II alternated between duty with troops and service as student and instructor at Army schools. As a member of the Coast Artillery rifle team, he became known as one of the Army's outstanding rifle marksmen, winning the National Team Gold Medal, the First Place Gold Medal in the Philippine Department, and the Distinguished Marksman's Badge. He completed two tours at Fort Mills, Corregidor, Philippine Islands; he was twice assigned to the U.S. Military Academy as an instructor in the department of natural and experimental philosophy; and, following his graduation from the Command and General Staff School in 1936, he served 3 years as an instructor of tactics at the Coast Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va. As a member of the last prewar class at the Army War College (1940), he began establishing a firm reputation as a thorough and imaginative planner. In consequence, with the beginning of the expansion of the U.S. Army, early in 1941 he was recalled from duty with an antiaircraft artillery brigade at Camp Stewart, Ga. to an assignment with the War Plans Division of the War Department General Staff. In this position, and during succeeding months with General Headquarters, U.S. Army and Headquarters, Army Ground Forces, he took part in the planning for mobilization and training of the huge wartime Army and for the projected landings in north Africa, known as Operation TORCH. August 1942 found him in England as the commanding general of the 34th Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade. His intimate familiarity with the plans for the forthcoming north African operation, however, promptly led to his assignment to General Eisenhower's Allied Force headquarters. Here, although retaining command of his brigade, he was designated assistant chief of staff for plans and operations, charged with directing the final, detailed preparations for the landings and the operations in north Africa. In this capacity he accompanied Gen. Mark W. Clark as second in command of the dramatic secret submarine mission to contact friendly French officials 3 weeks prior to the landings and smooth the way for allied invasion forces. For his participation in this mission, he won the Legion of Merit (degree of officer). After a brief return to England, General Lemnitzer moved to north Africa as a member of General Eisenhower's staff. In January 1943 he was assigned as deputy chief of staff to Gen. Mark Clark in Morocco during the early phases of the organization of 5th Army. Resuming active command of his brigade in late February 1943, he led it through the Tunisian campaign and the early landing phases of the Sicilian campaign. General Lemnitzer's service during the remainder of the war was as U.S. deputy chief of staff and chief of staff to General (later Field Marshal) Sir Harold Alexander, who was first the commander in chief of the 15th Army Group and later the supreme allied commander, Mediterranean. In addition, General Lemnitzer served as chief of staff to the commanding general of the U.S. Mediterranean theater of operations. Under Sir Harold Alexander, General Lemnitzer took part in the negotiations with Marshal Badoglio which led to the capitulation of Italy, in the discussions with Marshal Tito and with Soviet Marshal Tolbukhin for the coordination of the final military operations by the Yugoslav and Russian armed forces against the German armies in southern Europe. In March 1945 General Lemnitzer entered Switzerland in civilian clothes, charged with management of the discussions with German representatives which resulted in the unconditional surrender of the German armed forces in Italy and Southern Austria. In discharging these responsible and important functions, he earned a reputation as an able negotiator and military diplomat. General Lemnitzer's skill as a planner was put to immediate use following the war when he was designated as the senior army member of the Joint Strategic Survey Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in Washington, D.C. He next became Deputy Commandant of the National War College, playing a key part in the establishment of that agency for the highest level of joint military education. He assisted At this time, he also served as head of the U.S. delegation to the Military Committee of the Five (Brussels Pact) Powers in London, helping to pave the way for the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. in the presentation of the NATO treaty to the Senate for ratification. On the strength of his experience as a military diplomat, he next was named the first Director of the Office of Military Assistance, under Secretary of Defense In this capacity he played a key role in establishing the James Forrestal. military assistance program, which has provided a major element in the free world's mutual security activities. Returning to duty with troops, in 1950 General Lemnitzer qualified as a parachutist, at the age of 51, and assumed command of the 11th Airborne Division, at Fort Campbell, Ky. A year later he went to Korea, commanding the 7th Infantry Division in the Battles of Heartbreak Ridge, the Punch Bowl, and Mundung-ni Valley, and in the fighting in the Chorwon Valley, winning the Silver Star for conspicuous gallantry. Back in the United States in 1952, he was named the Army's Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Research. During this same period, he was the Army's associate member of the Kelly Committee To Study the Defense of North America Against Atomic Attack, and a member of the Secretary of the Army's advisory committee on Army organization. General Lemnitzer returned to the Far East in March 1955, assuming command of the U.S. Army Forces, Far East and the 8th U.S. Army. Shortly thereafter, on the departure of Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor to become Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, General Lemnitzer was named Commander in Chief of the United Nations and Far East Commands and Governor of the Ryukyu Islands. In this position, he maintained the defensive strength of United Nations forces against any resumption of hostilities in Korea, directed the buildup of the military effectiveness of the Republic of Korea armed forces and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, and encouraged the improvement of economic and military stability throughout that area of the world. In July 1957 he took up new duties, as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. Among In March 1959, General Lemnitzer was named to succeed Gen. Maxwell D. PERSONAL DATA Date and place of birth-August 29, 1899, Honesdale, Pa. Parents-Father: William L. Lemnitzer; mother: Hannah (Blockberger) Marriage Date: November 6, 1923. Wife: Katherine Mead Tryon, of Honesdale, Pa. Children: Lois Katherine (wife of Capt. Henry E. Simpson, USA) and Capt. U.S. Military Academy-1920. EDUCATION The Coast Artillery School: Officers' Basic Course-1921; Battery Officers' Course-1931. Command and General Staff School-1936. Army War College-1940. Company Officer, 10th Coast Artillery Regiment, Fort Adams, R.I. Aug. 21 Nov. 23 Battery Officer, 59th Coast Artillery Regiment, Fort Mills, Corregidor, Philippine Battery Officer and Battery Commander, 8th and 10th Coast Artillery Regiments, Instructor, Department of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, U.S.N.A. Aug. 26 Aug. 30 Sept. 30 June 21 Battery Officer, Battalion Staff Officer, and Battery Commander, 92d and 60th Coast Instructor, Department of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, U.S.M.A. Sept. 34 Student, Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kans. Aug. 35 Sept. 35 June 36 Instructor, Department of Tactics, Coast Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va. July 36 Aug. 39 Sept. 39 June 40 Battalion Commander and Regimental S-3, 70th Coast Artillery Regiment (AA), Fort Executive Officer and S-3, 38th Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade, Camp Stewart, Ga.. Assistant Chief of Staff, Plans Division, Headquarters Army Ground Forces. (Additional duty as Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, Allied Forces Headquarters, (Additional duty as Deputy Chief of Staff, 5th U.S. Army, North Africa) Commanding General, U.S. contingent and Deputy Chief of Staff to Commanderin-Chief, 15th Army Group (later redesignated Allied Armies in Italy). Deputy Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean. Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean and Chief of Staff to the Deputy Commandant, National War College, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. Aug. 47 Oct. 49 Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Research, Department of the Army. Aug. 52 Mar. 55 Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, Far East and 8th U.S. Army. Commander-in-Chief, Far East Command; Commander-in-Chief, U.N. Command; Distinguished Service Medal (With Oak Leaf Cluster). |