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النشر الإلكتروني

5 (b). THE AORIST TENSE.

This is formed from the Aorist Participle, exactly as the Past tense is formed from the Past Participle, except that a final v or a final y is always elided before a pronominal suffix (viii. iii. 41). Thus, कब् karyöv + अम् am, made-by-me= कर्याम् karyā-m, not कर्यावम् karyöv-am. Thea of am, is elided under the general rules for pronominal suffixes (vide p. 15). So also forms like ę kumalyō-s (kumalyōv+ as), he was tender for him; kumalye-s, they were tender for him.

We thus get the following forms,—

A. FIRST CONJUGATION.

(a). Transitive verb (viii. iii. 14). (c. forms only).

'I made,' lit. 'he, she, it, &c., was (were) made by me, you, him, us, &c.'

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1

कर्याम् karyo-m. कर्येयम् karyeya-m. कर्येम् karye-m.

2

कर्येय् karyöth. कर्येयथ् karyeya-th. कर्येथ् karye-th.

कर्येयम् karyēya-m.

कर्येय थ् karyēya-th.

3

कन् kanyā n. कर्येयन् karyeya-n. कर्येन karye-n.

कर्येयन्

karyēya-n.

Plur.

1

कयेव् ]caryāv.

कर्येय karyeys. कर्येय् karyey.

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2

कर्याfa kanyā va. कर्येयव karyeye-wa कर्येव karye-wa.

aara karyēyo-w".

3 कर्याख् karyī-kh. कर्येयख् karyeya-kh. कर्येख् karye-kh.

कर्येयख् karyēya-kh.

As regards verbs ending in vowels, the usual rule is followed Thus, from f◄ khi, eat, the aorist participle is a khěyōv; and from चिci, drink, चयोव् cēyou.

From fa ni, take, we get, as usual fata niyōv, not ♫a něyōv. fedi, give and fhi, take, are, as in the Past, irregular. Of fa ditsōv (pl. falą ditsậy; fem. faata

di, the Aorist Participle is fe diṭsāyo), and off hi,

hětsậy) (viii. iii. 32). See p. 61.

hětsōv (pl. aaq hětsậy; fem. ata

Double pronominal suffixes can be added, as in the case of the Past. Thus, af karyō-th-as, thou madest me; aafna karyō-m-ay,

I made for thee;

are unnecessary.

af karyō-m-as, I made for him. Other examples The rules are exactly the same as in the case of the past tense. Vide, however, special cases mentioned after the Paradigm of the third conjugation (p. 70).

(b). Impersonal verb (viii. iii. 14). (c. forms only).

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When an impersonal verb is conjugated in the feminine (see pp. 22

and 48) we get

Singular 1 tsuvyēya-m, I quarrelled.

SINGULAR AND PLURAL.

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The feminine impersonal verbs tsar, &c., (see pp. 16, 22 and

49) have the following forms,

fa tsaryeya-m, I was inwardly wrathful.

fa tsaryēyi-y (with inserted i; see p. 70 post), thou wast inwardly angry.

tsaryēya-s, he was inwardly angry.

And so on.

So also (viii. iii. 45) ¿àч tyambyēya-s (3rd conj.), he glanced eagerly.

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2 बब्योख् böryö-kh. | बुब्व्येयख् booyeya - बुन्येव bövye - 20. बृव्येघव bouyeya

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Neuter verb

wuph, fly (viii. iii. 39). (c. forms only).

'I flew (just now),' used in the sense of the Past, and not as the tense of the Aorist.

1st Sing. Masc. gę wuphyō-s, &c., exactly as in the second conjugation.

In this tense, the difference between the second and third conjugations consists in the formation of the Aorist Participle, as already explained, and not in the conjugation.

1 İçvara-kaula (viii, iii. 44) gives a bōvyewa, but my Paṇḍit says this is a mistake. The form given above is the correct one.

The Aorist of fq pi, fall, used in the sense of the Past, is (viii. iii.

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Note the specially irregular 2nd person plur. masc.

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When this verb is used in the meaning of 'be proper,' it is regular, and belongs to the 2nd conjugation. Thus, gatsh", it was proper (viii. iii. 58). In this sense it is only used in the Past. The Aorist and Pluperfect do not occur (82).

There are also other irregular Aorists of this conjugation. There are those of the roots f yi, come; f zi, be born; nēr, go forth; pras, be born. The Aorist Participles, in the sense of the Past will be found in the list of irregular Aorist Participles, and

ats; enter;

no difficulty will be found in conjugating them. They are here given for ready reference.

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The feminine and masculine plurals are given in the list of Aorist Participles. It will be seen that they must be conjugated as if they were Pluperfects. Vide p. 74.

When the suffix of the dative of the second person singular is added to a form ending in a ōv, ō becomes a wạ (☀) (viii. iii. 43). Thus, कयेव् karyou + अय् ay, karyöy, 1 we made for thee. वुफ्य wuphyğy,' he flew for thee.

goy, he went for thee.

कर्यय्

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gauv (root gatsh), he went; a pyauv, he fell;

pyoy, he fell for thee. gay, and 'they went for thee' is gay.

The plural of ǹą gauv, is л
So, 'they fell for thee' is a pyay.

[When the same form

ay is added to a form in a yo, i is inserted. Thus, a karyèya, she was made by us; faq karyēyi-y, she was made by us for thee. Compare fa tsaryēyi-y on p. 68 ante].

1 These are the forms according to the Sutra. But my Paṇḍit maintains that the true forms are aâfą karyō-y, and gwuphyō-y. The exceptional forms, he says, only occur in the case of the verbs gatsh, go, and fʊ pi, fall. The Sūtra while making the rule absolutely general, only gives the two last-named verbs as examples.

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