5 (b). THE AORIST TENSE.

This is formed from the Aorist Participle, exactly as the Past tense is formed from the Past Participle, except that a final v or a final y is always elided before a pronominal suffix (viii. iii. 41). Thus, aâfą karyōv+¶¶ am, made-by-me=aaf karyō-m, not faų karyōv-am. Thea of am, is elided under the general rules for pronominal suffixes (vide p. 15). So also forms like @ę kumalyō-s (kumalyōv+ as), he was tender for him; kumalyē-s, they were tender for him.

We thus get the following forms,

A. FIRST CONJUGATION.

(a). Transitive verb (viii. iii. 14). (c. forms only).

'I made,' lit. ' he, she, it, &c., was (were) made by me, you, him,

1

कम् karyo-m. कर्येयम् karyeya-m. कर्येम् karye-m.

2 कथ् karyo-th. कर्येयथ् karyeya-th. कर्येथ् karye-th.

कर्येयम् karyēya-m.

कर्येय थ् karyeya-th.

3

कर्यान् karyō n. कर्येयन karyeya-n. कर्येन karye-n.

कर्येयन karyēya-n.

Plur.

1

कfa karyov.

कर्येय karyeya. कर्येय् karyey.

कर्येय

karyēy".

2

3

aàfa karyō-wa, adaa karyēye-wa ada karyē-wa.

कर्याख् karyö-kh. कर्येय karyeya-kh. कर्येख् karye-kh.

As regards verbs ending in vowels, the usual rule is followed kheyōv; and from

Thus, from f khi, eat, the aorist participle is

From fa ni, take, we get, as usual fata niyōv, not a něyōv. fe di, give and fhi, take, are, as in the Past, irregular. Of f

di, the Aorist Participle is fe ditsậyo), and of fhi,

hětsaya) (viii. iii. 32). See p. 61.

ditsōv (pl. fala ditsṬy; fem. fata

hětsōv (pl. a hětsṬy; fem. la

Double pronominal suffixes can be added, as in the case of the Past. Thus, af karyō-th-as, thou madest me;

karyō-m-ay,

I made for thee; af karyō-m-as, I made for him. Other examples are unnecessary. The rules are exactly the same as in the case of the past tense. Vide, however, special cases mentioned after the Paradigm of the third conjugation (p. 70).

(b). Impersonal verb (viii. iii. 14). (c. forms only).

'I laughed,' lit. 'it was laughed by me,' &c.

When an impersonal verb is conjugated in the feminine (see pp. 22

The feminine impersonal verbs tsar, &c., (see pp. 16, 22 and

49) have the following forms,

¶¶¶¶ tsaryèya-m, I was inwardly wrathful.

fa tsaryēyi-y (with inserted i; see p. 70 post), thou wast
inwardly angry.

tsaryēya-s, he was inwardly angry.

And so on.

So also (viii. iii. 45) tyambyeya-s (3rd conj.), he glanced eagerly.

2

बुब्येय bövyēya.

बब्यौख् böryī-kh. ब्ब्येय booyeya - बुब्येव booye - wwe | बुब्येयब bouyeye

Neuter verb

wuph, fly (viii. iii. 39). (c. forms only).

'I flew (just now),' used in the sense of the Past, and not as the tense of the Aorist.

1st Sing. Masc. gwuphyō-s, &c., exactly as in the second conjugation.

In this tense, the difference between the second and third conjugations consists in the formation of the Aorist Participle, as already explained, and not in the conjugation.

1 İçvara-kaula (viii. iii. 44) gives a bővyewa, but my Paṇḍit says this is a mistake. The form given above is the correct one.

The Aorist of fa pi, fall, used in the sense of the Past, is (viii. iii.

Note the specially irregular 2nd person plur. masc.

When this verb is used in the meaning of 'be proper,' it is regular, and belongs to the 2nd conjugation. Thus, getsh", it was proper (viii. iii. 58). In this sense it is only used in the Past. The Aorist and Pluperfect do not occur (82).

There are also other irregular Aorists of this conjugation. There are those of the roots fa yi, come; f zi, be born; a nēr, go forth; pras, be born. The Aorist Participles, in the sense of the Past will be found in the list of irregular Aorist Participles, and no difficulty will be found in conjugating them. They are here given for ready reference.

ats; enter;

The feminine and masculine plurals are given in the list of Aorist Participles. It will be seen that they must be conjugated as if they were Pluperfects. Vide p. 74.

1

gauv (root

When the suffix of the dative of the second person singular is added to a form ending in a ōv, becomes wa (☀) (viii. iii. 43). Thus, कर्येव् karyöv + अय् ay, कर्येय् karyöy, we made for thee. बुफ्वय् wuphy☀y,1 he flew for thee. goy, he went for thee. The plural of a gauv, is л So, 'they fell for thee' is [When the same form

gatsh), he went; wą pyoy, he fell for thee.

pyauv, he fell;
gay, and 'they went for thee' is a gay.
a pyay.

ay is added to a form in a ya, i is inserted. Thus, karyèy, she was made by us; af karyēyi-y, she was made by us for thee. Compare fa tsaryēyi-y on p. 68 ante].

1 These are the forms according to the Sutra. But my Pandit maintains that the true forms are aâfą karyō-y, and gwuphyō-y. The exceptional forms, he says, only occur in the case of the verbs gatsh, go, and fq pi, fall. The Sutra

while making the rule absolutely general, only gives the two last-named verbs as examples.