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النشر الإلكتروني

The verb chāv, use, has for its second singular Bened. either

chavyakh or

chayyakh. The latter form is peculiar to the

second person singular (27).

The verb

bov, be, become, changes its final a v to ay through

out. Thus, qua boyyan (not a bovyan), may it be; q me boyyan, may it not be, God forbid! (26).

Pronominal suffixes are added in the usual way. Thus, TRAI laçyan-ay, may he live for thee! pōṣyan-ay, may he be victorious for thee!

This tense only occurs in the above verbs (26).

D. Conditional Mood.

1. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE.

This is the same as Future Indicative. An example of its use is da me te gen bo-y gatshe, suh wucha-n. If I go, I shall see him. boy is contracted from boh, I, and ay, if. The object is mentioned twice. First fully insuh, and again as a pronominal suffix (n).

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This tense is used if things are spoken of that might have, but have not, happened. Thus, रुदु चय् ययिडे स्वद् सपज़िहे rūd ay pēyihe, soch sapazihē, if there had been rain, there would have been plenty. It is conjugated as follows (viii. ii. 32).

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NOTES. (1) When the last syllable contains the vowel a, that vowel is always modified. This is not mentioned by Içvara-kaula, but is a fact.

(2) The short i in the second person plural is i-mātrā, and modifies the preceding root vowel when possible.

Verbs ending in vowels are declined as follows, inserting min the first person, as in the Future Indicative.

1899.]

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.

1 qt khyamahā, (if) I had eaten. ta khyamahāv.

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From fa ni, take, fa di, give, and fa yi, come, we have as follows.

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Pronominal suffixes are added as follows:

(acetų karahā-m, (if) I or we had made myself or for

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́a◄◄łą karahā-m, (if) thou hadst made me, or for me.

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́afcgų karihyū-m, (if) you had made me or for me.

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aftų karihē-m, (if) he had made me or for me.

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eta karahan-am, if they had made me or for me.

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Note. All the forms added to the second person are irregular; and also the suffix of the second person singular, when added to the verb in the third person singular.

The feminine impersonal verbs a tsar, be inwardly angry, etc., (see pp. 16, 22, 37, 49, 54, 68 and 82) are conjugated as follows:afa tsarihē-m, (if) there had been inward anger to me; (if) I had been inwardly angry.

q af asẽ tsarihe, (if) we had been inwardly angry.

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This tense may also be used in expressions like the following

:

सुय् afsu-y karihē, even he did it. That is to say, why did you do it? It was his business, and he has done it already.' (35).

APPENDIX.

LIST OF KAÇMIRĪ VERBS ARRANGED ACCORDING TO CONJUGATIONS AND FINAL LETTERS.

As the forms taken by a Kāçmiri Verb depend partly on the Conjugation to which it belongs, and partly on the final letter of its root, the following list of Verbal Roots is arranged under Conjugations, and then alphabetically according to the final letter of each root.

For the meaning of these roots, and the form of the Past and Aorist Tenses of each, the reader is referred to the List of Kāçmiri Verbs given ante, Vol. LXV, Pt. I, pp. 314 and ff.

khi, ci, đi, ni, hin

FIRST CONJUGATION.

khisk, chak, chik, tuk, tuk, tak, ṭhāk, thuk, dak, truk, thyak, thěk, drok, phak, phuk, phữk, phrak, bak, brak, çek, çrõk, suk, hyak.

hag.

jakh, lakh, likh, lēkh.

tsyang, zag, tag, dag, phãg, bug, mang, rang, lang, lag, wung, wolang,

kharac.

khach, tach, buch, bech, much, rach, wuch, hyachh.

mãj.

tsarts, nats, phits, marts, wats, wuts.

yitsh, kätsh, pritsh, britsh.

arz, kanz, khunz, graz, nyawaz, pāz, pūz, prinz, baz, buz, bōz, măz, waz, sōz.

kapat, kat. khat, chat, tsat, telt, tset, tshat, dat, pit, prāt, rat, lut, wat, wat.

wuth.

kad, gand, tshand, tshāḍ, tsãḍ, tāḍ, mand, mẫḍ, laḍ, soḍ, hyaḍ.
prin.

kat, khut, nyat, çrut, sat.

math.

arad, gind, gund, pad, pond, mand, lad, wad, wand, vyand, sad.

an, atshan, ăn (=an), ken, khan, chân, toàn, trên, tshun, zần, Yên, tasan, dōn, don, pachān, parzan, pilan, putsan, prazan, phān, mẫn, mun, mēn, ran, lõn, lōn, wakhan, wan, vyaṭshan, wōn.

krp, khap, gup, chap, tsāp, zap, tap, tyap, tap, trap, thip, dap, nap. chomb, tsomb, tomb, trömb, lab.

kham, cum, dam, lam, wām, hum.

kay, doy, day, pay, lay, way.

alar, āpar, āwar, katar, kar, kār, kūr, khār, gar, gār, gēr, gōr, cār, cîr, char, cher, chor, jar, jur, tsar (be inwardly wrathful), tsar, tsûr, zar, tār, tōvar, thur, darr, dār, por, pār, pyatar, pūr, pair, phir, phukār, phyār, bagār, bar, maṭhār, mar (uuite), mahār, mār, mutsar, musar, mũtr, mūr, yār, yēr, rāwar, latār, lār, lūr, wathar, war, wahār, wār, witṣār, wõkhar, wothar, wophar, wur, wusar, wōr, çēr, sandar, sandār, sar, săr, sor, hahar, hār, hōr.

anzer, aber, āzar, ¶ter, āḍer, kanzer, khandor, ganzar, grāçer, chakor, chinder, choner, chopar, tsîñor, tsøker, tsyatar, tshyaṭer, tshyaver, tshöfer, ziṭhar, zuvar, zōvar, zajar, dakhar, tatser, tañer, tizar, tropar, thazer, dặñor, dğbor, dūntshor, nạñor, nāçar, niker, nặmer, nặwor, nōmer, pajer, pazer, pather, pāsar, piṭhar, puçar, pūļh¶r, phasar, phās¶r, phuṭar. bad¶r, bạnzer, baler, bag®r, bājar, bèñar, bramar, mạng r, maser, một r, mặndar, mint shar yater, ratsher, wạder, vězor, veñor, vyaṭher, vyader, vyaper, vyaver, wōwar, çübar, sañor, sanzar, sezer, somber, hater, hokher, hobar, hặmar.

ahal, khōl, gal, chal, tsal, tsyakhal, tsyall, tshal, zāl, zal, ṭāl, ḍal, tal, tāl, tul, tōl, thal, dal, nyaŋgal, pal, pāl, bōl, mal, lõl, wal, wāl, wòlal, sambal.

J. 1. 12

āyav, ārav, ālav, kamav, kokav, ketsav, gilav, gyav, gulav, chokav, zerav, tokav, dakhav, dulav, tav, trombav, thav, dabar, dav, dogav, denav, nēchav, pākav, pyav, pīnav, pōrav, phālav, phětsav, phirav, manav, milav, mõlav, mõrav, ranzav, rinzav, rakav, latav, lalav, lithav, lyav, wazav, wanav, wav, vyav, wõhav, sagav, sõkhav, surav, sulav, hosav.

abasāv, arpāv, alarāv, āparāv, āwarāv, kapaṭāv, kamanāv, krāv, khokhalāv, guzarā”, catāv, cāv, cukāv, chāv, tsŏganāv, ṭhagāv, ḍulanāv, tāv, tōvarāv, trakarāv, traganāv, trāv, thāv, dār, döganāv, dõdarāv, daṣrāv, nahāv, nāv, nyāv pachatāv, paṭāv, parkhāv, parzanāv, pāv, pilanāv, prazanāv, prāv, pharkāv, baḍāv, bạrakāv, bāv, mardāv, milanāv, mutṣarāv, musarāv, mētrāv, ranzanāv, rāwarāv, laṭāv, laḍāv, watharāv, wahārāv, wokharāv, wuḍāv, wötharāv, wusarāv, çaganāv, saganāv, satāv, sandarāv, sāv, sõkhanāv, hāv, hosanāv.

ṛdarāv, anzarāv, abarāv, āḍarāv, kṛnzarāv, khṣṇḍarāv, ganzarāv, grāçarāv,chakarāv, chạts rāv, chivarāv, choñarāv, choparāv, tṣiñarāv, tsõkarāv, tsom rāv, tshyaṭarāv, tshyavarāv, tshṣṭarāv, zīṭharāv, zuvarāv, zōvarāv, dakh rāv, tatsarāv, tạñorāv, tīzarāv, trats rāv, trasarāv, troçarāv, thạz rāv, dadorāv, dặñorāv, dṣbarāv, dũntsharāv, drogarāv, daṣrāv, nañarāv, națarāv, nāçerāv nikarāv, nomarāv, nṣvarāv, nōmarāv, pajarāv, pazarāv, paṭharāv, pāsa râu, pita râu, pith rào, pugarāu, puth râu, phậs rāu, phut rau, bạc râu, baḍerāv, bad rāv, bạnzarāv, bṛlarāv, bāgarāv, bājarāv, bēñarāv, brạmarāv, mats rāv, manzarāv, mṛṣarāv, mặñarāv, mặṭarāv, moṇḍarāv, modarāv, münts harāv, yatarāv, ratsharāv, lyṛdarāv, lūkarāv, wạdarāv, vēzarāv, vēñarāv, vyatherāv, vyadarāv, vyaparāv, vyavarāv, wukarāv, wugarāv, uōwarāv, çub rāv, sañorāv, sezarāv, señarāv, sogarāv, sõtṣarāv, srogarāv, hṣṭarāv, hand rav, katharāv, hṣkharāv hṣṭsarāv, hõbarāv, homarāv.

tsuv, tuv, ḍuv, riv, ruv, liv, siv, suv.

kaç, krēç, paç, phěç, phuç, phoç, phēç, braç, çãç, sărç.

ḍēṣ, bāṣ, muṣ, waṣ, çaṣ.

abas, as, kas, kās, khas, tsas, zos, tas, thās, das, mus, ras, sas.

kuh, khah, goh, tsah, pih, phuh, muh, sah.

thak, pak.

samakh, hokh.

tag, lag, çoŋg.

SECOND CONJUGATION.

kats, khōts, pats, rīts, vyats, hots.

gatsh, (be proper).

daz, [palaz], rōz, wŏpaz, sapaz.
[palat], phat, phuṭ, rōt (also 3rd).
boḍ.
wāt.

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