The verb

、

chāv, use, has for its second singular Bened. either

chavyakh or a

chayyakh. The latter form is peculiar to the

second person singular (27).

The verb

out. Thus,

bov, be, become, changes its final av toy throughboyyan (not

bovyan), may it be; me

boyyan, may it not be, God forbid! (26).

Pronominal suffixes are added in the usual way. Thus, GY laçyan-ay, may he live for thee! any pōṣyan-ay, may he be victorious for thee!

This tense only occurs in the above verbs (26).

This is the same as Future Indicative. An example of its use is ga ne gy gua bo-y gatshe, suh wucha-n. If I go, I shall see him. boy is contracted from boh, I, and q ay, if. The object is mentioned twice. First fully in suh, and again as a pronominal suffix (n).

2. THE PAST CONDITIONAL TENSE.

This tense is used if things are spoken of that might have, but have not, happened. Thus, ay ufat a fi rud ay pěyihě, soch sapazihe, if there had been rain, there would have been plenty. It is conjugated as follows (viii. ii. 32).

NOTES. (1) When the last syllable contains the vowel ra, that vowel is always modified. This is not mentioned by Içvara-kaula, but is a fact.

(2) The short i in the second person plural is i-mātrā, and modifies the preceding root vowel when possible.

Verbs ending in vowels are declined as follows, inserting m in the first person, as in the Future Indicative.

khyamaha, (if) I had eaten. khyamahāv.

khyahākch.

3 fa khěyihē.

afada khĕy1hiv.

यान khyahān.

From fa ni, take, fa di, give, and fa yi, come, we have as follows.

Pronominal suffixes are added as follows:-
:-

Cacela karahā-m, (if) I or we had made myself or for

at karaha-m, (if) thou hadst made me, or for me.

́afų karihyū-m, (if) you had made me or for me.

aft karike-m, (if) he had made me or for me.

(acetag karahặn-am, if they had made me or for me.

Note. All the forms added to the second person are irregular ;

and also the suffix of the second person singular, when added to the verb in the third person singular.

The feminine impersonal verbs a

tsar, be inwardly angry, etc.,

(see pp. 16, 22, 37, 49, 54, 68 and 82) are conjugated as follows:afa tsarihē-m, (if) there had been inward anger to me; (if) I had been inwardly angry.

qe afcì asẽ tsarihē, (if) we had been inwardly angry.

af tearihi-y, if thou hadst been

This tense may also be used in expressions like the following:

सुय् ga afcì su-y karihe, even he did it. That is to say, why did you do it? It was his business, and he has done it already.' (35).

APPENDIX.

LIST OF KAÇMIRĪ VERBS ARRANGED ACCORDING TO CONJUGATIONS AND FINAL LETTERS.

As the forms taken by a Kāçmiri Verb depend partly on the Conjugation to which it belongs, and partly on the final letter of its root, the following list of Verbal Roots is arranged under Conjugations, and then alphabetically according to the final letter of each root.

For the meaning of these roots, and the form of the Past and Aorist Tenses of each, the reader is referred to the List of Kaçmiri Verbs given ante, Vol. LXV, Pt. I, pp. 314 and ff.

khi, ci, đi, ni, hi

FIRST CONJUGATION.

khisk, chak, chik, tak, tuk, tek, thāk, thuk, dak, truk, thyak, thěk, drok, phak, phuk, phuk, phrak, bak, brak, çek, çrok, suk, hyak.

hag.

jakh, lakh, likh, lēkh.

tsyang, zag, tag, dag, phãg, bug, mang, rang, lang, lag, wung, wolang,

kharac.

khach, tach, buch, bech, much, rach, wuch, hyachh.

mãj.

tsarts, nats, phits, marts, wate, wuts.

yitsh, katsh, pritsh, britsh.

arz, kanz, khṛnz, graz, nyawāz, pāz, pūz, prinz, baz, buz, bōz, măz, waz, sōz.

kapat, kat. khat, chat, tsat, telt, tset, tshat, dật, pit, prāt, rat, lut, wat, wat.

wuth.

kad, gand, tshand, tshāḍ, tsãḍ, tāḍ, mand, måḍ, laḍ, sed, hyaḍ.
prin.

kat, khut, nyat, çrut, sat.

math.

arad, gind, gund, pad, pond, mand, lad, wad, wand, vyand, sād.

an, atshan, ăn (=un), kan, khan, chân, toàn, trên, tshun, zân, tên, tosan, dōn, den, pachān, parzan, pilan, putsan, prazan, phān, mẫn, mun, mēn, ran, lon, lōn, wakhan, wan, vyatshan, wōn.

krp, khap, gup, chap, tsap, zap, tap, tyap, tap, trap, thip, dap, nap. chomb, tsomb, tomb, trömb, lab.

kham, cum, dam, lam, wām, hum.

kay, doy, day, pay, lãy, way.

alar, āpar, āwar, katar, kar, kār, kūr, khār, gar, går, gēr, gōr, căr, cir, char, cher, chōr, jar, jūr, tsar (be inwardly wrathful), tsār, tsûr, zar, tār, tōvar, thur, darr, dār, por, pār, pyaṭar, pür, pair, phir, phukār, phyār, bagar, bar, maṭhār, mar (uuite), mahār, mār, mutsar, musar, mätr, mür, yār, yēr, rāwar, latār, lär, lūr, wathar, war, wahār, wār, wiṭsār, wõkhar, wothar, wophar, wur, wusar, wōr, çēr, sandar, sandār, sar, sār, sõr, hahar, hōr.

hār,

anzer, aber, āzar, ¶ṭar, āḍar, kanzer, khander, ganzar, grāçar, chakar, chinder, choner, choper, tsiñer, tsoker, tsyater, tshyater, tshyaver, tshöfer, ziṭhar, zuvar, zōvar, zajar, dakhar, tatsar, tañar, tizar, tropar, thazar, dặñor, dặbar, dũntshor, nạñar, nāçar, niker, nõmer, nặwor, nōmar, pajar, pazer, pather, pāser, pither, puçar, püther, phaser, phaser, phutar. bader, bạnzer, baler, bag®r, bājar, běnr, bramar, mạnger, masar, mộtar, mặndar, mintsher, yater, ratsher, wader, vězer, veñor, vyather, vyader, vyaper, vyaver, wōwar, çübar, sạñor, sanzar, sẽzer, somber, hater, hặkhar, hõbar, hặmar.

ahal, khōl, gal, chal, tsal, tsyakhal, tsyall, tshal, zāl, 2ol, ṭāl, ḍāl, tal, tāl, tul, tōl, thal, dal, nyaŋgal, pal, pāl, bōl, mal, lol, wal, wal, wělal, sambal.

J. 1. 12

āyav, ārav, ālav, kamav, kokav, ketsav, gilav, gyav, gulav, chokav, zorav, tokav, dakhav, dulav, tav, trombav, thav, dabar, dav, dogav, denav, nēchav, pākav, pyav, pīnav, pōrav, phālav, phětsav, phirav, manav, milav, mõlav, mōrav, ranzav, rinzav, rakav, latav, lalav, lithav, lyav, wazav, wanav, wav, vyav, wõhav, sagav, sõkhav, surav, sulav, hasav.

abasav, arpāv, alarāv, āparāv, āuarāv, kapaṭāv, kamanāv, krāv, khokhalav, guzarā”, catāv, cāv, cukāv, chāv, tsōganāv, ṭhagāv, ḍulanāv, tāv, tōvarāv, trakarāv, traganāv, trāv, thāv, dāv, dŏganāv, dõdarāv, daṣrāv, nahāv, nāv, nyāv pachatāv, paṭāv, parkhāv, parzanāv, pāv, pilanāv, prazanāv, prāv, pharkāv, baḍāv, bṣrakāv, bāv, mardāv, milanāv, muṭṣṇrāv, musarāv, mũtrāv, ranzanāv, rāwarāv, laṭāv, laḍāv, watharāv, waḥārāv, wõkharāv, wuḍāv, wötharāv, wusarāv, çaganāv, saganāv, satāv, sandarāv, sāv, sõkhanāv, hāv, hasanāv.

adarāv, anzarāv, abarāv, āḍarāv, kanzarāv, khandarāv, ganzarāv, giặc rão, chạk rão, chạts rāo, chiu râu, chặn râu, chặp râu,tsīn rão,toặc râu, tsom rāv, tshyaṭarāv, tshyavarāv, tshṣṭarāv, zīṭharāv, zuvarāv, zōvarāv, dakh rāv, tats rāv, ṭañarāv, tīzarāv, tratsarāv, trasarāv, troçarāv, thạzarāv, dadorāv, dāñorāv, dṣbarāv, dūnṭsharāv, drogarāv, daṣrāv, nañarāv, nṣṭarāv, này vào nik rào, nộm râu, nặn râu, năm rào, paj rão, pạo râu, path rāu, pas râu, pitarāu, pith rão, pugerāu, pūth rào, phậs rãi, phut rau, bạc râu, baḍarāv, bad rāv, bạnzarāv, bạlarāv, bāgarāv, bājarāv, bẹñarāv, brạmarāv, mạts rau, mạng rầu, mạo râu, mẫn rào, mặt rào, mặnda rau, mod râu, mūntsharāv, yạtarāv, ratsharāv, lyadarāv, lūkarāv, wadarāv, vēzarāv, vēñarāv, vyatharav, vyadarāv, vyaparāv, vyavarāv, wukarāv, wugarāv, wōwarāv, çūberāv, sañorāv, sezarāv, señarāv, sogarāv, sặtṣarāv, srogarāv, hatarāv, hand rāv, kāṭhorāv, hṣkhorāv hṣṭsarāv, hõborāv, hṣmarāv.

tsuv, tuv, duv, riv, ruv, liv, siv, suv.

kaç, krēç, paç, phěç, phuç, phoç, phēç, braç, çãç, sărç.

dēs, bās, mus, waṣ, çaș.

abas, as, kas, kās, kh ́s, tsas, zos, tas, thās, das, mus, ras, sas.
kuh, khah, goh, tsah, pih, phuh, muh, sah.

thak, pak.

samakh, hokh.

tag, lag, çong.

SECOND CONJUGATION.

kets, khots, pats, rōts, vyats, hots.

gatsh, (be proper).

daz, [palaz], rōz, wŏpaz, sapaz.
[palat], phat, phuṭ, rōt (also 3rd).
bod.

wat.