SECTION VI.-LOWER COURSE OF THE VITASTĀ.

68. The Sindhu.—Sindhu Delta.-Confluence of Vitastā and

Sindhu ...

*

...

69. Sayya's regulation of the Vitastā...

70. Cbauge of confluence of Vitastā and Sindhu.-Nõr canal

J. 1. 29

107

108

109

SECTION VII.-SOIL AND CLIMATE OF THE VALLEY.
76. Alluvial Plateaus (Udar).-Soil of Udars ..
77. Kaśmir Climate.-Rigours of Kaśmir winter ...
78. Cultivation of rice.-Irrigation.— Saffron-cultivation.-

Grapes ...

117
118

120

SECTION VIII. - ETHNOGRAPHY.
79. Old ethuography of Kasmir.-Absorption of foreign ethnic

elements.—Tribal sections
80. Races on Kaśmir borders.-Khasas.-Darads.-Bhauttas...

...

123

124

...

133

SECTION 11.-ANCIENT POLITICAL DIVISIONS.
85. Kramarājya, Madavarājya
86. Administrative Districts.-Lists of Kaśmir Parganas ...
87. Density of population in old Kaśmir.— Number of villages

134
136

SECTION 11.—THE OLD AND NEW CAPITALS.
88. Srinagara in Hiuen Tsiang's time
89. Parāņādhişthāna, “the Old Capital'
90. A śoka's Srinagari.- Transfer of name to new capital ...
91. Pravarasena's capital.--Name of Pravarapura
92. Legend of foundation of Pravarapura.—Mahāsarit ; Setu...
93. Old limits of Pravarapura.-Kalbaņa's description of it...
94. Advantages of site of Srinagara.-Natural defences of

Srinagara.-City on left river-bank

137
138
139
141
142
144

145

214

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE AA: Māhātmyas of Kaśmirian Tirthas

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE BB: The lists of Kaśmir Pargaņas

CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA

218

223

229

232

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Ain-i Akb.

The Ain-i Akbarī by Abū-l-Fayl 'Allāmi, translated from the original Persian, by Col. H. S. Jarrett. Vol. II. (Bibliotheca

Indica). Calcutta, 1891, BATES, Gazetteer. A Gazetteer of Kashmir and the adjacent districts of

Kishtwar, Badrawar, etc., compiled (for political and military reference), by Charles Ellison Bates, Captain, B.S.C., and

Brevet-Major. Calcutta. 1873.
Bernier, Travels. Travels in the Mogal Empire A.D. 1656-1668, by François

Bernier, M.D. A revised and improved edition, etc., by
Archibald Constable. Westminster, Archibald Constable

and Co., 1891. Bühler, Report. Detailed Report of a tour in search of Sanskrit MSS. made

in Kaśmir, Rajputana and Central India. By G. Bühler. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,

1877. Core, Anc. Buildings. Illustrations of Ancient Buildings in Kashmir. Prepared

under the authority of the Secretary of State for India. By Henry Hardy Cole, R.E., Superintendent, Archæological Survey

of India, N.-W. P. London, 1869. CUNNINGHAM, Anc. The Ancient Geography of India, I. The Buddhist period, Geogr.

including the campaigns of Alexander and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang. By Alexander Cunningham, Major-General,

R.E. London, 1871. DREW, Jummoo. The Jammoo and Kashmir Territories. A Geographical

Account. By Frederic Drew, F.R.G.S. London, 1875. FORSTER, Journey. A Journey from Bengal to England, through the Northern

part of India, Kashmire, etc. By George Forster. Vols. I,

II. London, 1808. Fourth Chron.

Rājāvalipatāka of Prājyabhasta and Suka. ( Fourth Sanskrit Chronicle of Kaśmir. Quoted according to the

editio princeps, Calcutta, 1835; compare below, p. 41). Harucar.

The Haracaritacintamani of Rājāuaka Jayadratha. Kavya. malā, Bombay, 1897 (compare below, p. 48].