... ... SECTION IV.-NORTHERN AND EASTERN MOUNTAIN RANGES. ... SECTION V.-UPPER COURSE OF THE VITASTĀ. 61. Name of Vitastā.-Legendary source of Vitastā 62. Headwaters of Vitasta.-Harṣapatha; Ledari 63. Course of Vitasta in alluvial plain.-Importance of river SECTION VI.-LOWER COURSE OF THE VITASTĀ. 72. Course of Vitastā towards Volur lake.-Mānasa lake 73. Volur lake.-Mahāpadma Nāga.-Name Ullola 74. Legends of Mahāpadma Nāga ... 75. Lower affluents of Vitastā.-Suyyapura ... SECTION VII.-SOIL AND CLIMATE OF THE VALLEY. 76. Alluvial Plateaus (Uḍar).-Soil of Uḍars 77. ... Kaśmir Climate.-Rigours of Kaśmir winter ... 118 120 79. SECTION VIII.-ETHNOGRAPHY. Old ethnography of Kaśmir.-Absorption of foreign ethnic 80. Races on Kasmir borders.-Khasas.-Darads.-Bhauṭṭas... CHAPTER IV.—POLITICAL TOPOGRAPHY, SECTION 1.-FRONTIERS OF ANCIENT KASMIR. 81. Territories S. E. of Kaśmir.-Cambā.-Vallāpura.-Visa- 82. Frontier territories to S. W. and W.-Rājapuri.-Lohara ; 83. Uraśā-Hazāra.-Kiṣanganga Valley; Karṇāha ... SECTION II. ANCIENT POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 86. Administrative Districts.-Lists of Kasmir Parganas 90. Aśoka's Srinagari.-Transfer of name to new capital Para. SECTION IV.--ANCIENT SITES OF SRINAGARA. ... ... SECTION V.-THE ENVIRONS OF SRINAGARA. ... SECTION VI.-NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF MAṆAVARĀJYA. ... 109. Vijayeśvara.-Temple of Siva Vijayeśvara,-Lidar Valley SECTION VII.-SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF MADAVARĀJYA. 116. Pañcahastā (Shāhābād).-Nilanāga; ... ... ... 115. District of Devasarasa.-Kheri.- Godharā; Hastiśālā ... 186 188 ... 189 22 SECTION VIJI.-SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF KRAMARĀJYA. 120. Parganas of Dunts, Biru, Mañch hōm.-Suṣkaletra.— ... 198 201 SECTION IX.-THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF KRAMARĀJYA. 126. District of Uttara.-Ghosa; Dranga; Hāyāśrama 127. The Sarada Tirtha.-The Sirahsila Castle 123. Parganas of Lōlau and Zain gir.-Suyyapura.-District of 129. District of Lohara.-Tulamulya.-Mayagrāma SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE 4A: Māhātmyas of Kaśmirian Tirthas LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Ain-i Akb. BATES, Gazetteer. BERNIER, Travels. BÜHLER, Report. COLE, Anc. Buildings. CUNNINGHAM, Anc. DREW, Jummoo. FORSTER, Journey. Fourth Chron. Haracar. The Ain-i Akbari by Abu-l-Fazl ‘Allāmī, translated from the original Persian, by Col. H. S. Jarrett. Vol. II. (Bibliotheca Indica). Calcutta, 1891. A Gazetteer of Kashmir and the adjacent districts of Kishtwar, Badrawar, etc., compiled (for political and military reference), by Charles Ellison Bates, Captain, B.S C., and Brevet-Major. Calcutta. 1873. Travels in the Mogul Empire A.D. 1656-1668, by François Bernier, M.D. A revised and improved edition, etc., by Archibald Constable. Westminster, Archibald Constable and Co., 1891. Detailed Report of a tour in search of Sanskrit MSS. made in Kaśmir, Rajputana and Central India. By G. Bühler. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1877. Illustrations of Ancient Buildings in Kashmir. Prepared under the authority of the Secretary of State for India. By Henry Hardy Cole, R.E., Superintendent, Archæological Survey of India, N.-W. P. London, 1869. The Ancient Geography of India, I. The Buddhist period, including the campaigns of Alexander and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang. By Alexander Cunningham, Major-General, R.E. London, 1871. The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories. A Geographical Account. By Frederic Drew, F.R.G.S. London, 1875. A Journey from Bengal to England, through the Northern part of India, Kashmire, etc. By George Forster. Vols. I, II. London, 1808. Rājāvalipatāka of Prajyabhatta and Suka. [Fourth Sanskrit Chronicle of Kasmir. Quoted according to the editio princeps, Calcutta, 1835; compare below, p. 41]. The Haracaritacintamani of Rājāuaka Jayadratha. Kavyamālā, Bombay, 1897 [compare below, p. 48]. |