teration will be adopted for the future in all publications of the Society. Authors of papers for the Journal, Pt. I, are particularly requested to adhere to it in their contributions.

A. FOR THE DĒVANĀGARI ALPHABET, AND FOR ALL ALPHABETS RELATED TO IT.

In the above the virama has been omitted for the sake of clearness.
In Modern Vernaculars only;

by th.

may be represented by r, and

Avagraha is to be represented by an apostrophe, thus sfa so 'pi. Visarga is represented by ḥ, Jihvāmūliya by h, and Upadhmaniya by h. Anusvāra is represented by m, thus samsarga, and anunāsika by the sign over the letter nasalized, thus ◄ ã,

·

ã, and so on.

The udatta accent is represented by the sign' and the svarita byˆ. Thus, qfg: agnik, जनता janità, के leed कन्या kanyā. kvá, represented by. Thus, a

The anudatta accent may be té àvardhanta.

B. FOR PERSIAN (INCLUDING ARABIC WORDS IN
PERSIAN) AND HINDUSTANI.

(The system is not applicable to Arabic when pronounced as in Arabic

The J of the article

in Arabic words should be assimilated

before the solar letters; and the vowel u which often precedes the article and absorbs its vowel should remain attached to the word to which it belongs. Thus-, Ju Iqbālu-d-daulah.

Tanwin may be rendered by n-e. g., ittijäqan. Alif-i maqsurah should be rendered by ạ.

Final need not be written in Persian and Hindustani words, but should be written in Arabic words.

ON MAPS ILLUSTRATING

THE ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY

OF

KASMIR.

BY

M. A. STEIN, PH.D.

PRINCIPAL, MADRASAH COLLEGE, CALCUTTA.

JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, VOL. LXVIII, PART I., EXTRA-NUMBER 2.-1899.

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS
AND PUBLISHED BY THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREET.

1899.