The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International RepositioningI hereby have the pleasure to introduce an important and excellent work about the economic history and modern diversification of the Libyan economy, in which the information has been presented and analysed in a way that answers many qu- tions about the unique Libyan community and its economic system. It also ex- ines important economic and legal changes currently taking place in Libya as the country engages in a new stage of its economic development, after the lifting of the US sanctions in late 2004. I believe that this work will become necessary reading for foreign investors in Libya, regional and international organizations, and educational, academic and political institutions. This important book will also assist in bridging the existing knowledge gap about present day Libya, and enable readers to understand an international desti- tion that is very little known, either geographically, sociologically, economically, or politically. This is because, for those interested in Libya, most information about conditions in the country, until very recently, has been acquired through the international media, which continues, even up to the present, to be very negative about the country and its leader and people. |
ما يقوله الناس - كتابة مراجعة
لم نعثر على أي مراجعات في الأماكن المعتادة.
المحتوى
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3 | |
4 | |
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12 | |
15 Libyas Political System | 16 |
151 How the Libyan Political System Functions | 19 |
16 Macroeconomic Framework | 21 |
648 Details of the Current Status of the Privatization Process in Libyan SOEs Identified for Privatization | 229 |
649 Results of the First Year of Privatization | 230 |
6411 Lessons from Privatization | 232 |
6412 Privatization in Libya Quo Vadis? | 239 |
Libyas Investment Potential and Trade Blocs | 246 |
72 Lack of Depth in Libyas Financial Sector | 251 |
73 The Libyan Foreign Investment Board | 252 |
74 FDI Projects Approved August 2006 | 253 |
17 Reappraising Libya | 25 |
Libyas Foreign Policy and External Relations | 29 |
22 Libyas Relations with Arab States | 30 |
23 Libya and the Middle East Conflict | 32 |
231 Libya and Palestine | 36 |
24 Relations with the European Union | 40 |
25 USUN Sanctions and Their Impact on Libyan Foreign Policy | 42 |
251 Reassessing Lockerbie | 51 |
26 Libya and the African Continent | 53 |
262 Libya and CENSAD | 55 |
263 Libya and COMESA | 56 |
264 Libya and the African Union | 58 |
265 Libya South Africa and NEPAD | 59 |
27 The Postsanctions Period and Globalization | 60 |
The Libyan Legal System and Key Recent Legislation | 63 |
311 The Constitutional Base | 64 |
312 The Legislative System | 65 |
313 The Judicial System | 66 |
32 Key Legislation Regarding Foreign Investment | 68 |
322 Decision No 21 of 2002 Regarding Encouragement of Foreign Capital Investment | 70 |
Decision No 13 2005 | 72 |
Income and Corporate Tax | 74 |
325 Company Law and Incorporation | 76 |
326 Law No 7 2004 and the Future of the Libyan Tourist Sector | 78 |
327 Administrative Contracts Regulations 2000 | 80 |
Recent Executive Regulations | 82 |
33 Present Needs and Future Direction of Libyan FDI Legislation | 85 |
331 Protection of Intellectual Property Rights | 86 |
Social Policy and Trends | 87 |
413 Population Distribution | 89 |
414 Trends in Population Growth 19952006 | 90 |
415 Age Structure of Population | 91 |
416 Ratio of the Sexes | 92 |
417 Trends in Illegal Immigration | 94 |
42 The Evolution of the Libyan Education System | 97 |
421 Libyan Educational Philosophy Education for All | 100 |
422 Trends in Expenditure on Education | 106 |
423 Libyan Education and the Future | 107 |
424 The Importance of English | 110 |
43 Housing in Libya | 111 |
431 Trends in Development Expenditure on Housing | 112 |
432 Libyan Housing in the Future | 117 |
44 The Libyan Healthcare System | 119 |
442 Structure of the Libyan Healthcare System | 120 |
443 Primary Health Care | 121 |
445 Trends in Health and Social Security Expenditure | 122 |
446 The Future Direction of Libyan Healthcare | 123 |
45 The Growing Role of Women in Libyan Society | 124 |
451 Womens Education and Its Impact on Libyan Society | 127 |
453 Women in Libyan Politics | 128 |
46 Social Security Health and Safety and Employment Issues | 131 |
462 Law No 15 of 1981 Covering Wages and Salaries in the State Sector | 132 |
464 Social Security Concerns | 134 |
465 Financial Resources and Expenditure of the Social Security Fund | 136 |
466 Health and Safety Legislation | 137 |
467 Libyan and Foreign EmployeesWork Permits | 138 |
468 Nonnationals in the Libyan Work ForceLegal and Illegal Immigration | 139 |
4610 Sectoral Employment | 140 |
4611 Unemployment Issues | 141 |
Public Sector Wage Increases vs Subsidies | 142 |
47 Impact of Social Trends on Economic Reform | 146 |
Infrastructure in Libya | 150 |
53 Libyas Physical Infrastructure | 156 |
533 Seaports and Harbours | 159 |
535 The Rapidly Emerging Telecommunications Sector | 161 |
54 The Great ManMade River Project | 163 |
541 The GMRP and Water Utilization Authorities | 165 |
542 The GMRP and Libyan Agricultural Diversification | 167 |
55 Overcoming Libyas Infrastructure Deficit Through PublicPrivate Partnerships | 168 |
551 Service Contracts | 169 |
553 Operation and Management OM | 170 |
557 BuildOperateTransfer BOT | 171 |
The Rationale for Libyan Privatization | 173 |
612 Mechanisms for Privatization | 176 |
International Perspectives | 183 |
622 Malaysian Privatization Policy and Results | 185 |
63 Privatization in MENA Countries | 193 |
Different Means Different Ends | 194 |
632 Privatization in Morocco | 204 |
633 The Algerian Case | 209 |
A Pragmatic Approach | 211 |
64 The Libyan Experience | 217 |
642 Early Attempts at Privatization in Libya | 218 |
643 Recent Privatization Policy in Libya | 222 |
644 Framework and Evolution of Key Legislation | 224 |
645 Implementation of the Privatization Programme | 226 |
646 Employees Made Redundant by the Privatization Process | 228 |
741 Status of FDI Project Implementation August 2006 | 254 |
742 Major FDI Source Countries 2006 | 255 |
75 FDI and Free Trade Zones in Libya | 257 |
751 The Permitted Fields of Investment and Economic Activities in the Free Zones | 258 |
753 Misuratah Free Zone | 259 |
762 Expedite and Simplify Immigration Formalities for FDI | 260 |
764 Publicize Libyas Competitiveness | 261 |
765 LFIB Needs More Focus | 262 |
77 Libya and Regional Trade and Global Organizations | 264 |
772 Libya Trade Potential with the Maghreb Arab Union | 267 |
773 Libya Trade Potential with CENSAD | 268 |
774 Libya Trade Potential with COMESA | 269 |
Economic Integration? | 271 |
776 Libya and the Barcelona Process | 272 |
777 Libya and the World Trade Organization | 274 |
778 WTO and Its International Agreements | 275 |
779 Objectives of WTO | 276 |
Striking the Right Balance | 278 |
Economic Reform and Diversification | 281 |
821 The Evolution of the Libyan Banking Sector | 282 |
Towards a Modern System | 285 |
823 Financial Governance and LegislativeExecutive Tensions | 289 |
824 Privatization of Domestic Banks | 290 |
825 The Libyan Dinars International Exchange Rate | 292 |
83 Liberalizing of the Libyan Insurance Market | 293 |
84 Urgent Priority for a Libyan Stock Market | 296 |
85 Libyas Major Contribution Towards Combating Global Money Laundering | 297 |
86 The Libyan Tourist Sector 2006 | 299 |
861 Tourism and Economic Development | 301 |
862 Restructuring Libyas Tourist Policies | 302 |
864 Libya and Ecotourism | 303 |
865 Recent Tourist Investment | 305 |
866 Creating a Libyan Tourist Identity | 307 |
87 Libyan Agriculture Sector | 308 |
872 Reasons Underlying the Declining Agriculture Labour Force | 310 |
873 Libya as a Food Importer | 311 |
88 Potential in the Fishing Industry | 313 |
882 Key Indicators Related to Fishing Industry | 314 |
883 Structure and Characteristics of the Fishing Industry | 315 |
884 Fisheries Research | 317 |
885 COPEMED Project 19962004 | 318 |
887 Current and Future Status of the Fishing Industry | 319 |
The Libyan Energy and Mining Sector | 321 |
19701980 | 322 |
913 The Electricity Sector 1981Present | 324 |
Corporatization Deregulation and Privatization | 325 |
92 The Marketing and Consumption of Petroleum Products | 327 |
922 Nationalization and the Establishment of Brega Oil Marketing Company BOMC | 332 |
923 Subsequent Development of BOMC | 334 |
The Deteriorating Financial Picture | 338 |
The Privatization Option | 340 |
926 BOMC Fuel Subsidies and Debt Collection | 345 |
93 The Libyan Mining Sector | 349 |
931 Establishment of Libyan Mining Company LMC | 350 |
932 Objectives of the Libyan Mining Company | 351 |
Libyan Environmental Law and Issues | 353 |
102 Libyan Environmental Legislation | 354 |
103 The Role of the Law No 7 of 1982 | 355 |
1031 Substantive Provisions | 356 |
1033 Organizational Provisions | 357 |
104 Resolution of the General Peoples Committee No 263 of 1999 Establishing the Environment General Authority | 358 |
106 Environmental Impact Assessment in Libya | 360 |
107 Libya and Integrated Coastal Zone Management | 366 |
108 The Environment and Desertification in Libya | 370 |
109 Water Desalinization and Its Environmental Impacts | 371 |
1010 Libyas Declining Air Quality | 372 |
1011 Solid Waste Management | 373 |
1012 Environmental and Sustainability Issues Need for New Legislation | 374 |
The Forces Shaping Libyas Future | 376 |
112 The New Economic Realities | 379 |
113 eGovernment and eInclusion | 381 |
114 Transparency and Corruption | 383 |
115 A Proliferation of Funds 20052006 | 391 |
1151 The National Development Fund | 392 |
1152 Libya Africa Investment Fund | 394 |
1153 Economic and Social Development Fund | 395 |
1154 Libyan Investment Corporation | 396 |
116 Nonsustainability in the Oil and Gas Industry | 398 |
Assessing Libyas Postsanctions Initiatives | 403 |
122 Appraising Libyas International Realignment | 407 |
123 Consolidating Libyas Repositioning The Need for a 30Year Plan | 410 |
Appendices | 415 |
452 | |
467 | |
List of Figures | 471 |
List of Appendices | 473 |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
activities agriculture Algeria Arab areas Article assets Authority Barcelona Process Benghazi BOMC capital CEN-SAD cent coastal COMESA companies countries country’s currently Cyrenaica diversification domestic economic ecotourism Egypt employees enterprises environmental established example expenditure Factory Tashrukkiyah fishing Free Zone fuel Fund GBOT global government’s hydrocarbon impact important increased industry infrastructure investors issues Janzur legislation Libyan economy Libyan government Libyan policy Libyan pounds Libyan railway major Malaysian Mediterranean million Misuratah Morocco Murzuq North African operations ownership People’s Committee People’s Congress percentage period petroleum policy makers political population potential private sector privatization process privatization programme production projects public sector reform regional regulations Resolution sanctions Sebha Secretariat Social Security SOEs subsidies Sudan Syarika Musahima Table tourist trade transport Tripoli Tripolitania Tunisia United World Bank Zliten Zuwarah