disk crowning the ovary; free or connate in a ring around the style; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and introrsely. Ovary 1-2-celled; style simple with a cup-shaped sheath including the stigma; ovules 1 or many in each cell, erect or ascending, rarely pendulous, inserted on the dissepiment or central. Fruit an indehiscent drupe or a capsule with 2 or 4 valves usually dehiscing irregularly. Seeds albuminous; testa thin crustaceous or thick and hard; embryo erect in the axis of the fleshy albumen, the radicle inferior.-DISTRIB. Over 200 species, mostly Australian, a few in New Zealand, Antarctic America, the Pacific Islands, or on the coasts of tropical Asia, Africa, and the West Indies.

1. SCEVOLA, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in dichotomously branched cymes, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx with the tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate, ovoid or globose; limb short, annular or 5-lobed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla oblique, split to the base behind, lobes sub-equal or the two uppermost shorter, at length digitately patent. Stamens free. Ovary 2-celled, with solitary erect ovules in each cell, or 1-celled with 1-2 erect ovules; sheath cupular; stigma truncate or divaricately 2-lobed. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, exocarp thin or fleshy, endocarp hard and woody rarely crustaceous. Seeds solitary; embryo smooth, cotyledons sometimes broader than the inferior radicle.DISTRIB. About 60 species, 2 Asiatic, 8-10 of the Pacific Islands and the coasts of Asia, 1 extending to the coasts of Africa and the West Indies, the rest Australian.

SCEVOLA KOENIGII, Vahl Symb. III. 36 (1794). An evergreen large glabrous shrub with stout stem and branches, soft spongy pith and coarse fibrous wood. Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-oblong, obtuse at apex, decurrent at base, 3 to 6 in. long, about 2 in. broad, entire or obscurely crenate, more or less fleshy when green, membranous when dry, silky pubescent on both sides or somewhat glabrous on the upper surface, tufted hairy in the axils; midrib stout, prominent, broad, main-nerves 10-12 pair, slender, arching upwards and joining near the margin, secondary nerves few slender, reticulations many, indistinct. Flowers white, in axillary few-flowered dichotomous pubescent cymes shorter than the leaves; bracts small, subulate, about 1 in. long; common peduncle 5 to 6 in. long; pedicels 1 to 2 in. long; bracteoles 2, similar to the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 2 in. long, densely villous; lobes 2 to 3 in. long, linear-lanceolate or spathulate, ciliate, pubescent, enlarged in fruit. Corolla-tube 7 to 8 in.

long, narrow, pubescent without, villous within; lobes valvately induplicate-winged, 25 to 4 in. long, lanceolate, prominently veined, villoushairy within. Stamens erect, free, inserted around the ovary-sheath, -75 in. long; filaments thin, anthers ovate, introrse, cells parallel, connective produced above with short divergent lobes. Ovary 2-celled, crowned with the oblong bifid stigma which is surrounded by a longfringed sheath; ovules 1 in each cell, erect. Fruit a 2-celled ovateglobose succulent drupe, 3 to 5 in. in diam., depressed above, ribbed, endocarp bony. Lamk. Ill. t. 124, fig. 2; DC. Prod. VII. 505; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 8; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 2732; Blume Bijdr. 730; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 580; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 212, For. Fl. II. 84; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 421; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 54; Cooke Bomb. Flora, II. 69; Benth. Fl. Austr. IV. 86. S. sericea, Forst.; DC. 1.c. 506; Blume Bijdr. 750; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 581. S. Taccada, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15, Fl. Ind. I. 527; DC. 1.c. 505; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 134; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; Wall. Cat. 1314; Wight Ill. t. 137. S. Lobelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; De Vriese Goodenov. 20-26 and in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 20, not of Linn. S. Plumieri, Blume Bijdr. 730, not of Vahl. S. montana, Lab. Sert. Austr.-Caled. 41, t. 42; DC. 1.c. 506. S. velutina, Presl in Rel. Haenck. II. 57; DC. 1.c. 506. S. Bela-Modagam, Rom. and Sch. Syst. V. 163; DC. 1.c. 505. S. Leschenaultii, DC. 1.c. 506. S. macrocalyx, De Vriese Gooden. 26, tab. 3, figs. 1-4. S. chlorantha and S. Lambertiana, De Vriese, 1.c. 27, 28. S. lativaga, Hance in Walp. Ann. II. 1054. Lobelia frutescens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 148. L. Taccada, Gærtn. Fruct. I. 119, tab. 25, fig. 5. L. Plumieri, Burm. Fl. Ind. 186, not of Linn. Cerbera Salutaris, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 136. Buglossum litoreum, Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 116, t. 54. "Béla-Modagam," Rheede Hort. Mal. IV. t. 59.

PENANG: Wallich 1314. MALACCA: Griffith. JOHORE: Jensen. SINGAPORE: Sir R. Schomburgk 82; G. King; G. Thomson.-DISTRIB. Sea-shores of India from Sind to Ceylon; Burma; Malay Islands and eastwards to Australia and Polynesia.

Order LXIV. CAMPANULACEÆ.

Herbs, undershrubs, rarely shrubs; erect or climbing; often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire toothed or rarely lobed, no stipules. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; flowers solitary, racemose or paniculate; bracts small; bracteoles none (present in Sphenoclea). Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb few- or many

lobed or partite, lobes usually persistent in fruit, valvate or imbricate in bud. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, rotate or campanulate, superior, sometimes bilabiate; lobes as many as those of the calyx, valvate or induplicate-valvate, sometimes 1, 2, or all free to the base. Stamens equal in number to the corolla-lobes and alternate with them; inserted on the epigynous disk or (in Sphenoclea) on the corolla-tube; filaments free or connate in a tube; anthers linear, oblong or ovate, free or connate in a tube, 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and introrsely. Ovary usually inferior, 2-5- rarely more-celled; placentas axile, many ovuled; style simple, clavate, within the staminal tube; stigma-lobes as many as the ovary-cells; ovules anatropous, erect horizontal or pendulous. Fruit capsular or baccate, crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes, dehiscing vertically or laterally, or indehiscent. Seeds very many, small, albuminous; testa thin, coriaceous; embryo erect, radicle inferior.-DISTRIB. Over 1,000 species, scattered throughout the globe, chiefly in temperate regions.

Tribe I. LOBELIEE. Corolla 2-lipped, cleft dorsally to the base; anthers connate. Fruit a capsule, 2-valved at the summit 1. LOBELIA.

Tribe II. CAMPANULEÆ. Corolla regular; anthers free or imperfectly connate. Flowers solitary, peduncled

2. CAMPANUMÆA.

1. LOBELIA, Linn.

Herbs of various sizes, sometimes very small, sometimes erect and very tall; undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed. Inflorescence either 1-flowered, in the axils of leaves or bracts, or in a terminal leafy raceme; bracteoles very small or none. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate, hemispheric, obovoid or rarely oblonglinear; limb 5-partite or 5-fid, lobes often unequal. Corolla oblique, 2-lipped; upper lip 2-, lower 3-partite or -lobed. Staminal tube free from the corolla or adnate only at the base; anthers with 2 lower tipped with bristles, 3 upper naked, or else all penicillate. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; placentas hemispheric; ovules numerous; stigma shortly bifid. Capsule loculicidally 2-valved within the calyx-tube. Seeds very many, minute, ellipsoid, compressed or trigonous.-DISTRIB. About 200 species, throughout the world, though scarce in Europe and Western Asia.

LOBELIA AFFINIS, Wall. Cat. 1311. A prostrate often rooting herb with much branched stem, pubescent or glabrate. Leaves ovate

rotundate, acute at apex, rounded or truncate or cordate and more or less decurrent at base, 5 to 2 in. long, 5 to 1.5 in. broad, mucronatedentate or crenate, membranous, usually strigosely hairy on the nerves especially beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous; midrib slender, main-nerves 4-6 pairs; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, more or less winged by the decurrent margins of the blade, strigosely hairy. Flowers single, on slender pedicels about 6 to 1 in. long; bracts minute; pedicels usually deflexed in fruit. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ribbed, strigose, obconical; lobes 5 linear spreading, 1 to 2 in. long, pilose. Corolla purple, 2 to 25 in. long, 2 upper lobes falcate-lanceolate, 3 lower connate, teeth short. Staminal tube as long as or longer than corolla, anthers all penicillate. Ovary 2-celled, style long, stigma bifid, lobes rounded, recurved, ovules many. Capsule ribbed, strigose. Seed small, ellipsoid trigonous. DC. Prod. VII. 360; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 574; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 27; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 424; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 57; Prain Beng. Plants I. 633. L. zeylanica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. II. 113; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 211, not of Linn. L. subcuneata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 574. L. succulenta and L. Heyneana, Bl. Bijdr. 728.

PENANG Ridley 7162, 10185; J. Scott. PERAK: Ridley 2902; Curtis 2025; Scortechini 309, 344; King's Collector 2376. SINGAPORE: Kurz.-DISTRIB. Eastern Bengal, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Islands, Southern China.

Isotoma longiflora, Presl, is an introduced West Indian plant found in shady places. PENANG: Deschamps. SINGAPORE: Hullett 29; Kunstler 90.

2. CAMPANUMEA, Blume.

Perennial erect or climbing herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves opposite, petiolate, usually cordate. Flowers usually large, solitary, peduncled, terminal or axillary on short leafless flowering branches. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, or below it, persistent, 4- to 6-partite with spreading lobes. Corolla broadly campanulate, the base adherent to the calyx-tube, 4- to 6-lobed; white, greenish, or lurid-purple in colour. Stamens 4-6, inserted round the base of the corolla-tube; filaments dilated; anthers free. Ovary 4-6-celled, placentas thick, many ovuled; style cylindric, stigma 4-6-cleft with short broad lobes. Fruit a berry, sub-globose or with truncate top, indehiscent. Seeds very many, small, ellipsoid.-DISTRIB. 5-6 species, all of Eastern tropical and sub-tropical and temperate Asia.

CAMPANUMEA CELEBICA, Blume Bijdr. 727. An erect herb reaching 4 to 5 feet in height, with horizontal spreading smooth branches.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at base or cuneate, often unequal, 3 in. long, 75 to 1 in. broad, serrate or almost entire, the serratures mucronate; chartaceous; glabrous above, glaucous and glabrous or with scattered pubescence beneath; midrib slender, mainnerves 4-6 pairs at about 30 degrees with the midrib, arching and joining near the margin; petiole short, 15 to 25 in. long. Flowers solitary, terminal or in the forks of a dichotomous cyme; peduncles 3 to 5 in. long, those of terminal flowers shorter; bracts small linear. Calyx-tube in bud shortly adnate to the ovary, in fruit often half-way up; teeth 2 to 3 in. long, linear-lanceolate, often serrate. Corolla epigynous, shortly campanulate, white or yellowish-white, 3 to 5 in. long; lobes 5, triangular acute. Stamens 15 in. long; anthers linear, 05 in. long, filaments dilated. Ovary 5-6-celled; style thickened upwards, then cylindric, angled; stigma about 4-cleft. Berry 3 to 4 in. in diam., globose, white, slightly succulent, becoming nearly dry, breaking up irregularly. Seeds very many, minute, ovoid, flattened, testa smooth. A. DC. Monog. Camp. 120, Prod. VII. 423; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 436; Prain Beng. Plants I. 634. C. truncata, Endl. Gen. Pl. I. 515. Codonopsis truncata, Wall. Cat. 1301; DC. 1.c. 123; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 566. C. leucocarpa and C. celebica, Miq. 1.c. II. 565, 566. C. albiflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 279. Cyclocodon lancifolium, Kurz in Flora 303; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 210, partly. C. truncatum, Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 18. C. adnatus, Griff.; Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 558. Campanula lancifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 505; DC l.c. 485.

PENANG: Curtis 2089. PERAK: Wray 3236; Scortechini.-DISTRIB. India from the Sikkim Himalaya to Chittagong and Burma, Malay Islands, Southern China.

stems.

3. PENTAPHRAGMA, Wall.

Fleshy perennial herbs, with short, often rooting, little-branched Leaves alternate, broad, rounded, sometimes very unequal at the base, petioles rather long. Inflorescence of axillary or lateral dense bracteate scorpioid spikes or racemes, the flowers generally in pairs between the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; lobes 4-5, superior, obtuse, persistent, unequal in size. Corolla campanulate, the tube short, lobes 4-5. Stamens 5 alternate with the corolla-lobes, epigynous or on the corolla tube; anthers ovate or oblong; filaments dilated, curved outwards when open. Ovary 3-5-celled; style short, cylindric; stigma large, cylindric or conical, obscurely 4-5-lobed; placentas bifid, ovules many. Fruit a more or less succulent berry, dehiscence unknown (cf. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 506). Seeds very many,