cuneate; both surfaces yellowish-brown when dry and rather dull, the lower reticulate; the edges slightly recurved or not; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, ascending, slightly curved, faint on both surfaces; length 1 to 2.5 in.; breadth 5 to 8 in.; petioles 1 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, twice as long as the leaves, their rachises puberulous, angled when dry. Flowers 2 in. long; their pedicels slender, decurved, 1 to 2 in. long, puberulous, minutely bracteolate at the base. Calyx puberulous, cupular, 15 in. across, deeply divided into 5 triangular sub-acute spreading lobes. Corolla ovoid or ovoid-globulose, with truncate, wide, entire, wavy or obscurely toothed mouth, puberulous outside. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla and inserted at its base; anthers short, broad, with 2 short, trumpet-shaped, curved apical processes, opening by wide pores, and, at the base of these processes behind, 2 curved, slender filamentous spurs; the filaments longer than the anthers, flattened, tapering from the base upwards, pubescent. Ovary depressed, bearing a slightly convex 10-grooved disk and many hairs. Fruit 2 to 25 in. in diam., depressed-globular, crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes, minutely pubescent, 5-celled; seeds numerous, triangular, reticulate, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 454. V. exaristatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1873, Pt. II. 96; 1877, Pt. II. 215; For. Fl. Burm. II. 91.

PERAK, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,500 feet: Wray 328, 1528, 3912; King's Collector 7018. MALACCA: Mount Ophir, Moxon;

Maingay (K.D.) 699.-DISTRIB. Bangka.

7. VACCINIUM KUNSTLERI, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epiphytic ; everywhere glabrous; young branches one-third of the thickness of a goose-quill, dark and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base much narrowed, the edges slightly recurved; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper tinged with olivaceous and reticulate; main-nerves 3 pairs, ascending, little curved, slightly prominent on the upper surface only; length 2 to 2.5 in.; breadth 5 to 65 in.; petioles 1 to 15 in. long. Racemes about as long as the leaves, axillary, minutely bracteolate at the base of the flowers. Flowers 2 in. long, their puberulous pedicels slender, 1 to 15 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, about 05 in. long, the limb spreading, wavy, with indistinct broad lobes. Corolla tubular-ovoid, 15 to 2 in. long, the mouth with 5 broad, blunt, short recurved lobes. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than the corolla or as long; anthers small, oblong, each with 2 short, diverging, apical truncate processes, but with none at the base; filaments three times as long as the anthers, tapering, flattened and hairy below, cylindric above. Ovary 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell, depressed; disk slightly convex with radiating

grooves; style slightly exserted, hairy below; stigma small. Fruit globular, 2 in. in diam.

PERAK, on Maxwell's Hill, elevation 3,500 feet: Scortechini 39, 428; King's Collector 8415.

This closely resembles V. bancanum, Miq., but it is an epiphyte. Its leaves, moreover, are narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, and they have only 3 pairs of mainThe flowers of this are puberulous, and the mouth of the corolla, instead of being entire, has 5 broad, short, recurved lobes. The apical processes on the anthers are also of a different shape from those in V. bancanum.

nerves.

8. VACCINIUM HASSELTII, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 40. An erect shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, darkcoloured and angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves elliptic to ellipticoblong, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, the apex acuminate (often caudately so); upper surface olivaceous-brown, the lower paler; main-nerves 3 pairs, very slightly curved and erect or ascending, the lower pairs passing almost to the apex, faint but distinct on both surfaces, some of the nerves transverse, the others vertical; length 1.5 to 2.5 in.; breadth 6 to 1.25 in.; petioles 2 to 25 in. long, slender. Racemes axillary and terminal, usually slightly longer than the leaves, their rachises at first puberulous but ultimately glabrous, ebracteolate; flower-pedicels slender, curved or straight, about 15 in. long. Calyx shortly cupular, with 5 spreading, broad, sub-acute or blunt teeth. Corolla about 35 in. long, sub-cylindric, narrowing upwards to the mouth; the lobes 5, broad, blunt, erect or reflexed, very short, each bearing a small tuft of hairs. Stamens 10, as long as the corolla; anthers oblong, with 2 apical beaks more than twice as long as themselves but with no basal appendages; the filaments shorter than the beaks but longer than the anther-cells, broad and hairy at the base. Ovary much compressed, surmounted by a large, much corrugated disk; style as long as the corolla, tapering, boldly ridged. Fruit globular, smooth, glabrous, 3 in. in diam., crowned by the minute calyx-lobes. V. bancanum, Miq., var. angustifolium, Scheff.

PERAK: King's Collector 7515; Derry 3702; Wray 4012. PAHANG : Ridley 1363, 10895. JOHORE: Ridley 6316, 6323. SINGAPORE: Ridley 3030, 6316A, 8907.-DISTRIB. Bangka.

9. VACCINIUM ACUMINATISSIMUM, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 36. Epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill or less, clothed with short cinereous pubescence. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges when dry much recurved; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry: the upper

shining, faintly and minutely reticulate, glabrous except the puberulous midrib, lower surface dull, dark cinereous-puberulous, especially on the midrib and nerves; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, unequal, slightly curved, ascending, the second lowest pair much larger than the others and more erect, all (like the midrib) depressed on the upper surface and bold and prominent on the lower; length 3.5 to 5 in.; breadth 1 in. to 1.75 in.; petioles 15 in. long, pubescent and with several short hispid axillary processes at their bases. Racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, slender, pubescent; flower-pedicels 1 in. long, pubescent like the calyx, minutely bracteate at the base. Calyx when nearly ripe ∙15 in. in diam., with an ovoid-globular tube pubescent outside, the mouth with 5 triangular acute incurved lobes. Corolla not seen. Seeds several, compressed, black, pitted. Ericacea, Wall. Cat. 7528.

PERAK, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet: Wray 1159, 1418, 2821; Scortechini 472; King's Collector 3509, 6734, 7810. SINGAPORE: Ridley 6235.-DISTRIB. Sumatra (Beccari 516), Java, Borneo.

10. VACCINIUM MALACCENSE, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist VIII. (1847) 172. An erect shrub; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, angled, brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base cuneate or acuminate, the edges finely crenate-serrate; both surfaces brown when dry, the lower the paler; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, slightly curved, ascending, interarching within the edge, not prominent on either surface; length 1 to 2.25 in.; breadth 6 to 9 in.; petioles 1 to 15 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves, manyflowered, puberulous like the pedicels and flowers; pedicels slender, curved downwards, 15 in. long (lengthening in fruit), each with 1 concave, lanceolate, caducous bract at its base, and 1 or 2 smaller subulate bracteoles inside it. Flowers 3 in. long. Calyx campanulate, under 1 in. long, its lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate, spreading. Corolla ovoid-cylindric, slightly narrowed to the mouth; lobes of limb very short, reflexed. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla; anthers with 2 apical beaks longer than themselves but with no basal processes; filaments longer than the anthers, bulbous and hairy at the base. Ovary depressed, the disk thick; style cylindric, ridged, a little shorter than the corolla. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous, 35 in. broad. Wight Ic. 1186; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 454. Epigynium malaccense, Klotzsch in Linnæa,

XXIV. 50.

MALACCA: Griffith (K.D.) 3458/1; Maingay (K.D.) 698; Lobb. SINGAPORE: Ridley. PAHANG: Ridley 1025. PERAK: Ridley 3605.— DISTRIB. Bangka, Java, Cochin-China.

Order LXVI. ERICACEÆ.

Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or in pseudowhorls, ex-stipulate, entire or serrate. Flowers in racemes or fascicles or solitary; pedicels bracteate and sometimes bi-bracteolate. Flowers regular or (in Rhododendron) slightly irregular, hermaphrodite, sometimes dimorphous. Calyx free or (in Diplycosia) sometimes adnate to the ovary, with 5 rarely 4 or 6, teeth or lobes. Corolla hypogynous, persistent or deciduous, campanulate cylindric or urceolate, with 4 or 5 (rarely 6 to 10) imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate teeth or lobes. (polypetalous in Pyrola). Stamens hypogynous or slightly attached to the base of the corolla; 10, or sometimes 5, 8, or 20 (in Diplycosia sometimes epigynous); filaments free or united into a tube by their bases; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing by apical pores or slits, the cells often prolonged into apical tubes, sometimes dorsally spurred. Disk various, annular or convex, crenate or lobed, sometimes absent. Ovary 5-celled (rarely 4- to 16-celled); style slender, cylindric; stigma capitate or plane, entire or shortly lobed. Ovules numerous, rarely few, on placentas in the inner angles of the cells or pendulous from the upper corner. Fruit capsular, 5-celled, manyseeded, sometimes appearing baccate from the adherence of the enlarged succulent calyx. Seeds many, small, angled or compressed, albuminous; the testa often loose.-DISTRIB. About 1,200, in all parts of the world.

Capsule 5- to 20-celled, septicidal, calyx not succulent in fruit; anthers dehiscing by pores Fruit baccate

..

1. GAULTHERIA.

2. DIPLYCOSIA.

3. PIERIS.

1. GAULTHERIA, Linn.

Erect or procumbent shrubs, rarely epiphytic. Leaves coriaceous, persistent, alternate, serrate or serrulate, penni-nerved. Flowers small, occasionally dimorphic, in axillary or terminal racemes, or axillary and solitary, bracteate and bi-bracteolate. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes, enlarged, succulent and coloured in fruit and enclosing the capsule, and often with 2 simple or connate bracteoles at its base. Corolla ovoid

tubular or campanulate, greenish-white or reddish, the mouth with 5 spreading or recurved imbricate lobes. Stamens 10, included, attached to the base of the corolla; anthers produced at the apex into 2 tubes, and often also with 1 or 2 dorsal spurs ; filaments dilated at the base, usually pilose (in some flowers the stamens small and the anthers without appendages). Ovary 5-celled, sometimes 5-lobed; style cylindric; stigma simple; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 5-celled, dehiscing loculicidally from the apex, enveloped in the succulent calyx; seeds many, minute, sub-globose, angled.—DISTRIB. Species about 80, mostly American, a few in the mountains of India and Malaya, a few also in Australia and New Zealand.

1. GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA, Wall. in As. Research. XIII. 397, with figure. A shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, 3-angled, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edges crenateserrate; both surfaces pale brown when dry and dull, strongly reticulate, the upper always glabrous, the lower with sparse black scales and occasionally a few scattered hairs; length 1.5 to 2.25 in.; breadth ·75 to 1-2 in.; petioles 15 to 2 in. Racemes axillary, usually longer than the leaves, slender, many-flowered; pedicels 15 in. long, deflexed, each with a small triangular acute bract at its base and two broader connate ones above its middle. Flowers 2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, with 5 deep triangular lobes, puberulous, 05 in. long or less at first, persistent and increasing to 2 in. with age. Corolla 15 in. long, widely tubular, the mouth contracted and with 5 short blunt lobes. Stamens 10; anthers elongate, included, the apex with 2 deeply bifid apical horns; filaments flattened at the base. Fruit depressed-globular, with 5 deep grooves, 15 in. in diam., minutely pubescent, crowned by the long, persistent, slightly clavate, cylindric style, many-seeded. DC. Prod. VII. 593; Wall. Cat. 765; Wight Ic. 1196; Bot. Mag. t. 5984; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 457. G. fragrans, Don Prod. 151. G. punctata, Blume Bijdr. 850; DC. 1.c. 593; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1055; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 215, For. Fl. Burm. II. 92. G. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 1523. G. Leschenaultii, DC. 1.c. 593; Wight Ill. t. 141c, and Ic. 1195. Andromeda flexuosa, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 35. A. katagherensis, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 246. Leucothoe (?) katagherensis, DC. 1.c. 606.

PERAK, on the summit of Gunong Batu Pateh: Wray 879, 1580; Scortechini 405 (in part).-DISTRIB. British India, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java.