surface pale dull-brown, with sparse pits, each bearing a short adpressed dark hair, the edges wavy, sub-serrate and adpressed-ciliate; mainnerves 2 or 3 pairs, curving upwards and inwards and interarching, thick but faint on the lower surface; length 1.25 to 2 in.; breadth 75 to 1.35 in.; petioles 1 to 2 in., adpressed-bristly. Flowers solitary or in pairs, 4 or 5 in. long, axillary, pedicellate, the pedicels 3 to 4 in. long, twice as long (or more) in fruit, densely rustytomentose and recurved when young, erect and less woolly when old. Involucral bracts usually 2, thick, about 2 in. long, broad, glabrous inside, rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx larger than corolla, rotate, deeply divided into 5 lanceolate, somewhat spreading, lobes; rustytomentose outside and sub-glabrous inside. Corolla a little shorter than the calyx, glabrous, ovoid-globular, its mouth contracted and with 5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla, and inserted near its base; anthers oblong, broad, cordate and inappendiculate at the base; the apex prolonged into 2 white apically porous tubes; filaments short, bent. Ovary sub-globular, laxly and deciduously tomentose, 5-celled; ovules numerous, oblong-concave, attached by the middle to the axillary placentas; style cylindric, slightly grooved, twice as long as the corolla. Fruit a berry with scanty pulp, blue when ripe, the seeds red.

PERAK, at elevations of about 6,500 feet, on the summit of Gunong Batu Pateh: Scortechini 402; Wray 312.

2. PERNETTYOPSIS SUB-GLABRA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small, rigid, epiphytic shrub; young stems slightly thicker than a crow-quill, with a few adpressed bristles near the ends, otherwise glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, sub-rotund to elliptic-rotund, minutely apiculate; upper surface dull-brown, minutely reticulate, glabrous, the lower reddish-brown, with a few small adpressed hairs with black bases; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curving upwards, deeply depressed on the upper surface like the midrib, less so on the lower; the edges minutely sub-serrate and sparsely adpressed-ciliate; length 8 to 1.5 in.; breadth 75 to 1.25 in.; petiole 15 to 25 in. long, adpressedbristly. Bracts under the flower 2 or 3, broad, rusty-pubescent externally like the pedicel. Calyx longer than the corolla, rotate, with 5 deep lanceolate spreading lobes, glabrous except the rustypubescent tips. Corolla, stamens, ovary, and style as in P. malayana. Fruit unknown.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 feet: Scortechini 752; King's Collector 7407.

Order LXVII. MONOTROPEÆ.

[By D. PRAIN.]

Leafless, erect, white or coloured root-parasites; stems herbaceous, scaly, simple or forked. Flowers solitary on the stem or branches, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals usually resembling the scales, 2 to 6, often deciduous. Petals 3 to 6. Stamens 6 to 12, hypogynous, 2-seriate; filaments filiform or flattened; anthers 2-celled, or by confluence 1-celled. Ovary superior, globose or fusiform, 1- to 6-celled; style cylindric, stigma peltate; ovules very many on axial or parietal placentas. Fruit capsular, loculicidally 4- to 6-valved, or indehiscent and baccate. Seeds very many, minute; testa often loosely saccate; embryo very minute, solid.-DISTRIB. Genera 9, in dense woods, mostly in temperate regions, all in the northern hemisphere.

1. CHEILOTHECA, Hook. fil.

Small herbs, with erect, simple or forked, white or coloured stems; branches 1-flowered. Sepals 3 to 5, narrowly oblong like the uppermost stem-scales. Petals 3, erect, obtuse. Stamens 6; anthers linear, cells 2, confluent at the apex, dehiscing by marginal slits or pores. Ovary fusiform, 1-celled, narrowed into the cylindric style; stigma globose-conic, usually slightly lobed; placentas 6, parietal, 2-fid, the segments covered throughout by numerous ovules. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, baccate.-DISTRIB. Species 2, Indo-Chinese and Malayan.

1. CHEILOTHECA MALAYANA, Scort. in Hook. fil. Icon. Plant., XVI. t. 1564. A root-parasite in dense forest; stem herbaceous, erect, simple or 2- to 3-forked, 6 to 9 in. high, stoutish. Scales ovate-oblong, obtuse, imbricated, gradually increasing upwards, lurid purple (Scortechini) or waxy white (Kunstler). Flowers terminal on stem and branches, 1 in. long, hidden inside the uppermost scales, and bright yellow (Kunstler), or with the tips of the petals exserted and white (Scortechini). Sepals 5, resembling the uppermost scales, imbricate, linear-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, glabrous. Petals 3, rather larger than the sepals, rounded-cucullate at the apex, externally glabrous, internally more or less pilose. Stamens 6, filaments puberulous or pilose, alternately somewhat shorter and longer; anthers short, innate, hippocrepiform, cells confluent at apex, dehiscing by marginal pores. Ovary narrowly fusiform; stigma obscurely 4-lobed; placentas 6, parietal. Fruit white, fleshy, baccate, 75 in. across, tipped by the persistent remains of the stout style. Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXIII. 2, 205.

PERAK, in heavy jungle at about 3,500 feet elevation: Scortechini; Kunstler 2715.

According to the field notes recorded by these two careful collectors the specimens gathered by Kunstler differ from those obtained by Scortechini; in the latter the scales were lurid purple and the flowers were white, in the former the scales were waxy white and the flowers bright yellow. The petals in Kunstler's plant are sparingly hirsute within and the anthers are nearly twice as long. In other respects, however, the two plants are identical, and the doubt that one feels in connection with the two is not so much as to whether they are conspecific, as it is as to whether this Malayan Cheilotheca be really specifically separable from the species from the Khasia Hills upon which Hooker originally based the very distinct genus Cheilotheca. The only very tangible differences are that in the Khasia plant only 3 to 4 scales can be with propriety considered sepals, whereas in the Malayan one the number of sepals, as apart from the upper scales or bracts, is 5; and that in the Khasia plant the anthers are long, like linear lips on each side of the connective, whereas in the Malayan plant the anthers are much shorter and distinctly hippocrepiform. The fruit appears to be quite indehiscent, and thus deviates from the fruit in other genera of Monotropeæ, which, so far as is known, is always loculicidally dehiscent.

Order LXVIII. EPACRIDEE.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite or pseudo-verticillate, articulated with the branches, sometimes fascicled or imbricate, coriaceous or rigid, persistent, entire, with parallel longitudinal nerves; ex-stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary and axillary or terminal, spicate or racemose, generally white or red; usually bracteate and usually 2-bracteolate, the bracteoles similar to the sepals. Calyx 4- to 5-partite, the segments coriaceous, striate, imbricate, persistent. Corolla 4 to 5-fid, monopetalous, deciduous or sometimes marcescent; the tube short or long, often cylindric or funnel-shaped ; the lobes short or long, erect, patent or recurved, imbricate or valvate, persistent. Stamens 5, rarely 4, hypogynous or epipetalous, the filaments short or long, filiform or flattened, free; the anthers dorsifixed, oblong, dehiscing along their whole length by a single slit, 1-celled or spuriously 2-celled. Disk cupular, annular or of simple or bifid scales equal in number to the carpels. Ovary globose or ovoid, 1- to 10celled; style terminal, short or long, filiform; stigmas punctiform, discoid or lobulate, sometimes annular or indusiate; ovules in each cell solitary, pendulous, rarely erect; or many on a central placenta. Fruit drupaceous, with 2 to 5 1-seeded pyrenes; or a many-seeded capsule. Seeds small, with fleshy albumen, testa membranaceous; embryo axile, orthotropous, smooth; cotyledons short; radicle elongate, near the hilum.-DISTRIB. About 320 species, nearly all Australian, a few in

New Caledonia and New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, or the Malay Archipelago.

LEUCOPOGON, Br.

Shrubs, erect or prostrate, branching, rarely trees. Leaves various, sessile or petiolate, striate-nerved. Flowers small, white, in axillary or terminal spikes or racemes, the rachis ending in an imperfect flower; bract 1, bracteoles 2 to 3 under the calyx. Calyx 5-partite. Corollatube funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes 5, valvate in bud, patent or upper part recurved, hairy within. Stamens fixed to the top of the corolla-tube, filaments short, filiform; anthers dorsifixed, included or semi-exsert, linear or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled; style short or elongated, terminal; stigma sub-capitate; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous, with a crustaceous or bony endocarp, 1- to 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds small.-DISTRIB. About 130 species, all but about 20 Australian, the rest in New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, and the Malay Archipelago.

LEUCOPOGON MALAYANUS, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. v. 20, and Hook. Bot. Misc. II. 71. A small branching shrub, reaching 3 to 6 feet in height; branches grey, marked by the scars of fallen leaves, branchlets very leafy; branch-buds elongate, supported by imbricate parallel-veined ciliate deciduous scales. Leaves alternate, sessile, stiff, entire, narrowly lanceolate, acute and mucronate at apex, 15 to 2.5 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad, shining and convex above, dull or glaucous beneath, ciliate when young; midrib none, nerves very close, slender, longitudinally parallel, in old leaves scarcely visible. Flowers in short axillary 3- to 7-flowered spikes, 5 in. long, the last flower imperfect; rachis villous, sometimes flexuose; bracts ovate, recurved, bracteoles 2, ovate, acute, ciliate, closely embracing the calyx. Calyx-lobes 5, crustaceous, ellipticoblong, 125 in. long, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, 1 to 2 in. long; lobes 5, 1 to 15 in. long, spreading, villous within. Hypogynous scales 5, minute, free, obtuse. Stamens 5, short, alternate with the corollalobes; filaments inserted near the top of the anthers; anthers curved, pendent, opening longitudinally; pollen globose. Ovary 5-celled; ovule 1 in each cell, oblong; style erect, 05 in. long, villous; stigma sub-globose. Fruit a 5-celled baccate drupe, 1 to 2 in. in diam., each cell 1-seeded. Seeds not seen. Wall. Cat. 3720; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey and Wall. II. 301; G. Don Gen. Syst. III. 777; DC. Prod. VII. 744; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1052; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. Fl. II. 95; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 477. Styphelia malayica, Spreng. Syst. IV. Cur. post, 67.

PERAK Scortechini 760; Cantley 46; King's Collector 7428, 8056.

MALACCA: Jack; Griffith (K.D.) 3453/1; Maingay (K.D.) 704; Lobb; on Mount Ophir, Moxon; Ridley. SINGAPORE: Jack; Sir R. Schomburgk 50; Wallich 3720; Ridley 1832.-DISTRIB. Bangka, Teysmann; Borneo, Ridley.

VAR. moluccana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. Fl. II. 96. Leaves 5 to 1 in. long, subulate-pointed, venation more prominent, branchlets more slender. L. moluccanum, Scheff. Obs. Phyt. III. 97.

KEDAH peak: Low.-DISTRIB. Tenasserim, Helfer (K.D.) 3453.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves various, alternate or fascicled. Flowers in terminal scapes or branches, capitate, spicate, racemed or panicled; bracts scarious or leafy, often sheathing the flower, bracteoles 2. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, tubular or funnel-shaped, 5- to 10ribbed, often hyaline between the ribs; lobes 5, usually scarious. Corolla hypogynous; petals 5, free or connate at the base or united in a linear tube; lobes spreading. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; filaments free or adnate in a tube with the corolla; anthers ovate or oblong, dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, sessile or very shortly stalked, 1-celled, 5-angular above; styles 5, distinct from the base or connate below; stigmas sub-capitate; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle, anatropous. Fruit included in the calyx or elongate or exsert, dry or indehiscent, membranous or hardened at the apex, circumsciss or breaking near the thin base, the apex often 5-valved. Seeds cylindric or elongate, pendulous, albumen copious or little or 0, radicle superior; embryo straight, cotyledons linear or oblong.-DISTRIB. Species about 200, mostly of seacoasts or desert places throughout the world.

Large shrubs with broad-petioled leaves; styles 5, distinct; stamens united in a tube with the corolla

..

Perennial herbs with auriculate leaves; style 1, filiform, with 5 stigmatic branches; stamens free

1. EGIALITIS, R. Br.

1. EGIALITIS.

2. PLUMBAGO.

Simple-stemmed, soft-wooded shrubs. Leaves orbicular, alternate, coriaceous, glabrous, entire, smooth, gland-dotted, reticulately-veined, with long, thick, winged, amplexicaul petioles. Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles of racemes; bract 1, sheathing, coriaceous, obtuse; enclosing the 2 bracteoles. Calyx tubular, folded; lobes 5, short, induplicate-valvate. Corolla usually shorter than calyx, lobes 5,