slightly cohering at base. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals. Ovary 1-celled; styles free, stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, linear, long-exserted from the calyx, pentagonal, 1-seeded.-DISTRIB. Species 2, one Indian the other Australian.

EGIALITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 111. A simplestemmed, soft-wooded shrub, 3 to 8 feet high; stem about 3 in. in diam., conical in shape. Leaves alternate, orbicular, very slightly acute at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base, diam. 2 to 3 in., entire, glabrous, coriaceous, minutely glandular-dotted, shining above, dull beneath; midrib thick and prominent, veins at an angle of 60 degrees with the midrib, closely reticulate; petiole very stout, 2 to 3 in. long, prominently winged, the wings sheathing, amplexicaul, leaving annular scars when they fall. Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicled racemes; flowers pale yellow, nearly sessile, enclosed in sheathing bracts; bract 1, 3 to 4 in. long, concave, obtuse, enclosing the two similar but smaller bracteoles. Calyx cylindric, furrowed, 2 to 3 in. long; teeth 5, short. Corolla slightly longer than calyx; lobes 5, narrow. Stamens inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments shorter than corolla-tube; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 1-celled, styles free, stigma capitate, ovule 1 pendulous. Wall. Cat. 7240; Griff. Notul. IV. 207; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 479; Prain Beng. Plants I. 638. Æ. annulata var. rotundifolia, DC. Prod. XII. 621. E. annulata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; For. Fl. II. 96 (not of R. Br.). Ægianilites rotundifolia, Presl. Bot. Bemerk. 103. MALACCA: Griffith (K.D.) 4156.-DISTRIB. Coasts of Bengal and Burma and the Andaman Islands, in mangrove swamps.

2. PLUMBAGO, Linn.

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, rarely annual, branches usually straggling or sub-scandent. Leaves, if present, alternate, entire, the petioles usually amplexicaul, auriculate at base. Flowers in terminal spikes or spicate racemes, forming sometimes a leafy terminal panicle; bract 1, bracteoles 2, usually small. Calyx tubular, glandular, 5-fid, the teeth erect. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube slender, lobes spreading. Stamens free; filaments filiform, inserted on hypogynous glands; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, usually exsert. Ovary attenuate at apex; style slender, divided into stigmatose branches; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle. Fruit a capsule, included in the persistent calyx and corolla, circumsciss near the base, hardened above; seed solitary, albumen very small, embryo slender, radicle superior, cotyledons oblong.-DISTRIB. About 10 species, found in the warm regions of both hemispheres.

PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 151. A straggling perennial herb; branches rounded, striate, glabrous. Leaves alternate, ovate, shortly acute at apex, rounded at base and suddenly narrowed and decurrent, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2.5 in. broad, entire, thin, glabrous above, somewhat scurfy beneath and often glaucous; midrib slender, prominent beneath, main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, also prominent, curving upwards, secondary nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole 5 to 1 in. long, winged by the gradually narrowing decurrent base of the blade, auricled and amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence a terminal leafy panicle of spicate racemes, the rachis densely glandular; bract ovate, acuminate, bracteoles 2, linear-subulate; pedicels very short or none, bracts and pedicels glandular. Calyx narrowly tubular, about 5 in. long, more or less deeply 5-fid; lobes slender, hyaline on the margins, covered thickly on the back with prominent stalked red glands. Corolla-tube white, slender, funnel-shaped, membranous, about 1 in. long; lobes 5, nearly 5 in. long, ovate, acute, patent. Stamens 5, free; filaments very slender; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, exsert. Ovary ovoid ; style filiform, dividing into 5 stigmatose branches. Capsule membranous below, thick above, 5-furrowed, sharply pointed; seed pendulous, oblong; cotyledons obtuse. DC. Prod. XII. 692; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13, Fl. Ind. I. 462; Wall. Cat. 7241G; Wight Ill. t. 179; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 994; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 220; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 480; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 65; Prain Beng. Plants I. 639. P. auriculata, Bl. Bijdr. 736. P. viscosa, Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. I. 78. codivéli,' Rheede Hort. Mal. X. t. 8.

'Tumba

PENANG: Curtis 93; Deschamps. NEGRI SEMBILAN : Ridley 10095. SINGAPORE: Deschamps; King's Collector 284.-DISTRIB. Tropical regions of the Old World, doubtfully indigenous in the Malay Peninsula or elsewhere.

Order LXXVIII. GENTIANACEAE.

[By C. B. CLARKE.]

Herbs, erect, twining, or floating; glabrous except Microrphium. Leaves entire; those of the lower main stem opposite except in the floating plants. Inflorescence in 2- to 3-divided cymes, or peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers symmetric in calyx, corolla, stamens (except in Canscora). Calyx tubular or campanulate; lobes 4 to 5 (or by accident (?) 6), oblong or linear. Corolla gamopetalous, tube long or short; lobes as many as calyx-segments, usually dextrorsely contorted in the bud. Stamens as many as the corolla-segments, all perfect (except in

Canscora); filaments on the corolla-tube; anthers of 2 parallel cells. Ovary 1- (or imperfectly 2-) celled; of 2 carpels, superior or stalked or slightly inferior; style linear or oblong; stigma capitate or shortly 2-lobed; placentas parietal, sometimes much intruded, partly coalescing in the axis; ovules very many. Capsule dehiscent or indehiscent, not rarely becoming more or less succulent; seeds many, albuminous. -DISTRIB. Species 700; found in all countries.

Erect herbs; lower stem leaves (often all the leaves) opposite :

Glabrous erect herbs. Leaves opposite, usually 3- to 5-nerved. Flowers panicled, 4- to 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed. Corolla rotate; tube globose; lobes ovate or oblong, blue or white. Stamens attached in the corolla throat; anthers large, of two oblong cells, which open first by terminal pores or short slits. Ovary more or less completely 2-celled; style linear; stigma sub-capitate. Capsule globose, septicidally 2-valved; seeds numerous, minute, cuboid.-DISTRIB. Species 30, whereof 20 Indian, the others in China, Malaya, Africa.

1. EXACUM TETRAGONUM, var. ẞ stylosa, C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 95. Stem 1 to 4 feet, quadrangular. Leaves 5 by 1 in., sessile, lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Panicle many-flowered; bracts at its divisions 25 to 5 in. long, linear; flowers 4-merous, or rarely 5-merous. Calyx-lobes 25 in. long, ovate acuminate. Corolla-lobes 5 in. long, broadly elliptic acute, full azure-blue. Anthers 2 in. long, straight. Style 5 in. long. Capsule globose, 25 in. in diam. E. stylosum (sp.), Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 46. E. chironioides, Griseb. Gent. 109, in DC. Prod. IX. 45. E. Horsfieldianum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 556. E. sulcatum, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV. 425 (not of Roxb.). E. tetragonum, Vidal Fl. Filip. 191.

SINGAPORE: Lobb 473.-DISTRIB. From Burma to Borneo and the Philippines.

2. EXACUM PEDUNCULATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 112; ed. II. 163.

Stem 4 to 12 in., quadrangular, often much-branched. Leaves 1.5 by 5 in., sub-sessile, elliptic or lanceolate, 3-nerved. Panicle usually compound, many-flowered; lower bracts similar to the leaves, by degrees smaller, to the upper less than 25 in. long; flowers 4-merous. Calyxlobes 17 to 2 in. long, ovate, acute, winged. Corolla-lobes 25 to 35 in. long, pale blue. Anthers 12 in. long, dehiscing finally half-way down. Capsule globose, 17 in. in diam. DC. Prod. IX. 46; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 97; Trimen, Fl. Ceyl. III. 182. E. pedunculare, Arn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, XI. 176; Wight Ic. t. 336. E. sulcatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 415; DC. Prod. IX. 46 (syn. excl.). SINGAPORE: Lobb 358.-DISTRIB. From Oudh and Bengal to

Ceylon and Pegu.

2. MICRORPHIUM, C. B. Clarke, gen. nov.

Flowers

A pubescent erect herb, repeatedly branched. Leaves alternate except a few distant opposite pairs on the main stem. numerous, solitary, pedicelled, in unilateral repeatedly branched cymes. Calyx short-cylindric, terete, sub-2-lipped, almost leathery; lobes 5, short. Corolla small; tube campanulate, lobes 5, equal, dextrorsely contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, equal, perfect; anthers exsert, cells oblong, parallel, dehiscing by a slit their whole length. Ovary 1-celled; placentas intruded; style linear, stigma sub-capitate. Seeds very small, ovoid, not angular.-DISTRIB. Species 1, Malayan.

1. MICRORPHIUM PUBESCENS, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov. Stem, leaves, inflorescence, calyx covered with a short thick grey pubescence. Stem (upper part seen) 14 in. long; the lower part with opposite pairs of leaves (and branches) 2.5 in. apart; all the other numerous stemdivisions and leaves alternate. Leaves of the main stem 75 by ·35 in., elliptic, entire, obtuse, narrowed at base; petiole 0 to 1 in. long; the other leaves similar but smaller. Pedicels 25 in. long. Calyx 2 in. long; opening at first in two lips, one emarginate 2-nerved, the other ovate 3-nerved. Corolla-tube broad, lobes short, round, soon reflexed over the calyx-margin. Capsule ovoid, 2 in. long, dry; seeds 200 μ in diam. Pollen globose; 25 μ in diam.

KEDAH Curtis 2528. "Height 1 to 2 feet; petals white; anthers yellow" (Curtis).

3. CANSCORA, Lam.

Herbs, dichotomously branched, glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves opposite. Flowers mostly cymose. Calyx large, membranous, tubular, often winged; teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube cylindric; lobes 4, unequal (except in C. pentanthera). Ovary 1-celled;

placentas intruded; style linear, lobes 2, hemispheric. Capsule 2-valved or breaking up irregularly. Seeds very small, polyhedral.-DISTRIB. Species about 25, extending from Africa through South-east Asia to Australia.

One stamen only perfect; corolla irregular
All stamens perfect; corolla regular

..

1. C. diffusa.
2. C. pentanthera.

Sub-genus 1. EU-CANSCORA. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla sub-bilabiate. Stamens 4; 1 larger perfect, 3 shorter smaller or obsolete.

1. CANSCORA DIFFUSA, R. Brown, Prodr. (1810) 451 in Obs. Erect annual, 4 to 20 in., much branched upwards. Leaves 1.5 by 5 in., lanceolate or elliptic, 3-nerved, often petioled, upper smaller. Cyme diffuse; lower bracts at its divisions 5 in. long, ovate, upper much smaller. Calyx in. long; teeth lanceolate-linear. Corolla rose-coloured; tube in., lobes in. Capsule oblong, as long as the calyx. DC. Prod. IX. 64 ; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 372; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 103; Trimen Fl. Ceyl., III. 184. Exacum diffusum, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 637. Orthostemon erectum, R. Br. Prod. 451; DC. l.c. 63. O. Hugelii, DC. 1.c. 63. Pladera virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 417; Hook. Bot. Misc. III. 88 t. 25.

SINGAPORE: Lobb 345. A common species, extending from East Tropical Africa throughout India to Australia and the Philippines.

Sub-genus 2. PENTANTHERA. Stamens 5 (or 6), equal, anthers all similar, perfect. Corolla-lobes 5 (or sometimes 6), equal, dextrorsely contorted in the bud.

2. CANSCORA PENTANTHERA, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov. A slender undershrub, 18 in. high, glabrous except the minutely gland-puberulous (young) petioles; stem terete with many opposite branches. Leaves opposite, 3 by 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base; petiole 0 to 2 in. Cymes loosely, repeatedly dichotomous, often carrying 10 flowers; bracts at the divisions similar to the leaves, but gradually smaller, becoming sessile, a few pairs connate into perfoliate bracts. Flowers solitary, 5 in. long, on pedicels 12 to 5 in. long. Calyx ·35 in. long, membranous; tube triquetrous, narrowly 3-winged, ovoid-cylindric; lobes less than one-third the length of the tube, ovate, imbricate, apiculate. Corolla white (Ridley); tube as long as the calyx, lobes 5 (or not rarely 6), oblong-elliptic, equal, sub-erect, contorted dextrorsely (sensu Linneano) in the bud. Stamens 5 (or 6 in the 6-lobed corolla), equal, perfect; filaments inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube from which the erect anthers are half-exsert; anther-cells 2, oblong or linearoblong, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen 25 by 20 μ, ellipsoid, irregularly longitudinally striate. Ovary oblong, when young thin,