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الصفحة 373
( 1980 : 57 ) record commercial offtake rates of 11-14 per cent for transhumant herds in northern Chad and 13 per cent in the pastoral areas of Niger , as compared with 11 per cent among transhumant populations in central Mali , and 6 ...
( 1980 : 57 ) record commercial offtake rates of 11-14 per cent for transhumant herds in northern Chad and 13 per cent in the pastoral areas of Niger , as compared with 11 per cent among transhumant populations in central Mali , and 6 ...
الصفحة 376
She argues that ' forty per cent of cattle sales in sample households were from those categories of animals whose loss jeopardizes the reproduction of the herd and its economic potential . She presents a simulated model of what optimal ...
She argues that ' forty per cent of cattle sales in sample households were from those categories of animals whose loss jeopardizes the reproduction of the herd and its economic potential . She presents a simulated model of what optimal ...
الصفحة 378
district of Mali that only 3 per cent of herders owned twenty - one to thirty cattle , 30-3 per cent owned one to five and 44 per cent owned none . In a survey of the Illabakan herders in the arid zone of Niger , Bernus ( 1974 ) records ...
district of Mali that only 3 per cent of herders owned twenty - one to thirty cattle , 30-3 per cent owned one to five and 44 per cent owned none . In a survey of the Illabakan herders in the arid zone of Niger , Bernus ( 1974 ) records ...
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activities African Agadez animals arid authority become Boorana burial burial room calves cattle cent central chiefs clan colonial concern continue culture death deceased discussion district economic educated ethnic example fact funeral Ghana given grave herds identity important Institute interests International issue Kenya land living London Maasai males Mali marriage means meetings milk Niger nobles northern NYDA organisation particular pastoral period person political population practices present problems production projet question Qwaqwa referred region relations relationship religious response result ritual role rural sexual smiths social society Sotho South southern strategies structures suggest Swazi tion traditional Tuareg University University Press village Waso Boorana West women young youth associations zone