Senator JACKSON. We will recess for a brief period, awaiting Senator Thurmond's arrival in just a short time. The subcommittee is advised that Senator Thurmond will not return, and we are, therefore, adjourned subject to the call of the Chair. (Whereupon, at 3:20 p.m., the subcommittee adjourned subject to the call of the Chair.) MILITARY COLD WAR EDUCATION AND SPEECH REVIEW POLICIES TUESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1962 U.S. SENATE, SPECIAL PREPAREDNESS SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, D.C. The special subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m., in room 318, Old Senate Office Building. Present: Senators Stennis (chairman), Symington, Jackson, Thurmond, Bartlett, Saltonstall, Smith, and Case. Also present: Senators Goldwater and Beall (ex officio); special subcommittee staff: James T. Kendall, chief counsel. Senator STENNIS (presiding). The subcommittee will come to order. order. May we have quiet, please? General Shoup, we are delighted to have you here this morning as a witness. If you will stand now, please, and be sworn. Do you solemnly swear that your testimony before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God? General SHOUP. I do. SHOUP BIOGRAPHY Senator STENNIS. General, we want to put your biography in the record at this point. Also, I wish to state that in the opinion of the Armed Services Committee, and all others who know of your work, that you are a splendid marine and make a splendid Commandant of the Marine Corps. We really seek your counsel on these important pending matters. You have already filed a statement with us, and I will ask you to proceed in your own way. (The biography referred to is as follows:) GEN. DAVID M. SHOUP, USMC Gen. David Monroe Shoup is now serving as the 22d Commandant of the Marine Corps. A marine officer since 1926, he assumed his present duties and was promoted to his present rank on January 1, 1960. As a colonel in World War II, General Shoup earned the Nation's highest award, the Medal of Honor, while commanding the 2d Marines, 2d Marine Division, at Betio, a bitterly contested island of Tarawa Atoll. The British Distinguished Service Order was also awarded him for this action. The following citation accompanied his award of the Medal of Honor: "For conspicuous gallantry and interpidity at the risk of his own life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of all Marine Corps troops in action against enemy Japanese forces on Betio Island, Tarawa, Atoll, Gilbert Islands, from November 20 to 22, 1943. "Although severely shocked by an exploding shell soon after landing at the pier, and suffering from a serious painful leg wound which had become infected, Colonel Shoup fearlessly exposed himself to the terrific, relentless artillery, machinegun, and rifle fire from hostile shore emplacements and rallying his hesitant troops by his own inspiring heroism, gallantly led them across the fringing reefs to charge the heavily fortified island and reinforced our hard-pressed. thinly held lines. Upon arrival at the shore, he assumed command of all landed troops and, working without rest under constant withering enemy fire during the next 2 days conducted smashing attacks against unbelievably strong and fanatically defended Japanese positions despite innumerable obstacles and heavy casualties. "By his brilliant leadership, daring tactics, and selfless devotion to duty. Colonel Shoup was largely responsible for the final, decisive defeat of the enemy and his indomitable fighting spirit reflects great credit upon the U.S. naval service." General Shoup was the 25th marine to receive the Medal of Honor in World War II. It was presented to him on January 22, 1945, by the late James V. Forrestal, then Secretary of the Navy. The general was born December 30, 1904, at Battle Ground, Ind. A 1926 graduate of DePauw University, Greencastle, Ind., he was a member of the Reserve Officers Training Corps at the university. He served for a month as a second lieutenant in the Army Infantry Reserve before he was commissioned a Marine second lieutenant on July 20, 1926. Ordered to Marine officers basic school at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Lieutenant Shoup's instruction was interrupted twice by temporary duty elsewhere in the United States, and by expeditionary duty with the 6th Marines in Tientsin, China. After serving in China during most of 1927, he completed basic school in 1928. He then served at Quantico, Va.; Pensacola, Fla.; and San Diego, Calif. From June 1929 to September 1931, Lieutenant Shoup was assigned to the Marine detachment aboard the U.S.S. Maryland. By coincidence, the U.S.S. Maryland was the flagship for the assault on Tarawa 12 years later-providing emergency Naval gunfire support with her 16-inch guns early on D-day. On his return from sea duty, he served as a company officer at the Marine Corps Base (later Marine Corps Recruit Depot), San Diego, until May 1932 when he was ordered to the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Wash. He was promoted to first lieutenant in June 1932. Lieutenant Shoup later served on temporary duty with the Civilian Conservation Corps in Idaho and New Jersey from June 1933 to May 1934. Following duty in Seattle, Wash., he was again ordered to China in November 1934, serving briefly with the 4th Marines in Shanghai, and, subsequently, at the American legation in Peiping. He returned to the United States, via Japan, early in June 1936 and was again stationed at the Puget Sound Navy Yard. He was promoted to captain in October 1936. Captain Shoup entered the junior course, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, in July 1937. On completing the course in May 1938, he served as an instructor for 2 years. In June 1940, he joined the 6th Marines in San Diego. He was promoted to major in April 1941. One month later, Major Shoup was ordered to Iceland with the 6th Marines and, after serving as regimental operations officer, became Operations Officer of the 1st Marine Brigade in Iceland in October 1941. For his service in Iceland during the first 3 months after the United States entered World War II, he was awarded the Letter of Commendation with commendation ribbon. He assumed command of the 2d Battalion, 6th Marines, in February 1942. On returning to the States in March, the 1st Marine Brigade was disbanded and he returned with his battalion to San Diego. In July 1942, he became assistant operations and training officer of the 2d Marine Division. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1942. Sailing from San Diego aboard the U.S.S. Matsonia in September 1942, Lt. Col. Shoup arrived at Wellington, New Zealand, later that month. From then until November 1943, he served as G-3, operations and training officer of the 20 Marine Division during its training period in New Zealand. His service in this capacity during the planning of the assault on Tarawa earned him his first Legion of Merit with Combat V. During this period he also served briefly as an observer with the 1st Marine Division on Guadalcanal in October 1942, and with the 43d Army Division on Rendova, New Georgia, in the summer of 1943. Promoted to colonel November 9, 1943, Colonel Shoup was placed in command of the 2d Marines (reinforced), the spearhead of the assault on Tarawa. During this action he earned the Medal of Honor as well as a second Purple Heart. In December 1943, he became chief of staff of the 2d Marine Division. For outstanding service in this capacity from June to August 1944, during the battles for Saipan and Tinian, he was again awarded the Legion of Merit with Combat V. He returned to the United States in October 1944. On his return to the States, Colonel Shoup served as logistics officer, Division of Plans and Policies, Headquarters Marine Corps. He was again ordered overseas in June 1947. Two months later he became commanding officer, Service Command, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. In June 1949, he joined the 1st Marine Division at Camp Pendleton as division chief of staff. A year later he was transferred to Quantico where he served as commanding officer of the basic school from July 1950 until April 1952. He was then assigned to the Office of the Fiscal Director, Headquarters Marine Corps, serving as Assistant Fiscal Director. He was promoted to brigadier general in April 1953. In July 1953, General Shoup was named Fiscal Director of the Marine Corps. While serving in this capacity, he was promoted to major general in September 1955. Subsequently, in May 1956, he began a brief assignment as Inspector General for Recruit Training. Following this, he served as Inspector General of the Marine Corps from September 1956 until May 1957. He returned to Camp Pendelton in June 1957 to become commanding general of the 1st Marine Division. General Shoup joined the 3d Marine Division on Okinawa in March 1958 as commanding general. Following his return to the States, he served as commanding general of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, from May to October 1959. On November 2, 1959, he was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned duties as Chief of Staff, Headquarters Marine Corps. He served in this capacity until he assumed his current assignment. General Shoup was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on August 14, 1959, to be the 22d Commandant of the Marine Corps. Subsequently, his nomination for a 4-year term, beginning January 1, 1960, was confirmed by the Senate. A complete list of the general's medals and decorations includes: the Medal of Honor, the Legion of Merit with Combat V and Gold Star in lieu of a second award, the Letter of Commendation with Commendation Ribbon, the Purple Heart with Gold Star in lieu of a second award, the Presidential Unit Citation, the Yangtze Service Medal, the Expeditionary Medal, the American Defense Service Medal with Base Clasp, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four bronze stars, the American Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, and the British Distinguished Service Order. General Shoup is married to the former Zola DeHaven of Covington, Ind. They have a daughter, Carolyn (now Mrs. Joel S. Watkins); and a son. Robert. The general's parents are deceased. Senator STENNIS. Each member of the subcommittee has a copy of the general's statement. Additional copies have been distributed to members of the press. TESTIMONY OF GEN. DAVID M. SHOUP, U.S. MARINE CORPS COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS SHOUP STATEMENT General SHOUP. Would you like me to read the statement? General SHOUP. Mr. Chairman, members of the subcommittee, I am very pleased to have this opportunity to appear before your committee today. I have a very brief prepared statement on the review of speeches, our troop information and education program, and public information policies and cold war seminars. The Marine Corps has not experienced any particular difficulty in the review of speeches. It may be of interest to you to know that |