Trudeau used the expression, "fires of racial passion." He mentioned that these "fires threatened to burn through the thin veneer of Western civilization." No change.

On the 26th of April 1961 before the Chamber of Commerce, Kansas City, Mo., the expression, "the fires of racial passion threaten to burn through the thin veneer of Western civilization and temperatures are rising," delete the entire expression, the entire sentence.

Mr. KENDALL. Do you have any other expressions there, Colonel? Colonel SMITH. I have one more expression, "world where radio and television can be utilized." On March 3, 1961, Nebraska State Legislature, General Trudeau said the following paragraph, and we have to read the following paragraph because it was deleted in its entirety in the next speech. His wording was:

This situation is compounded by a world where radio and television can be utilized to inflame popular demand for privileges and luxuries. Motion pictures have also contributed their share to the muddle and confusion aroused by the surging passions they stimulate.

And, of course, the same paragraph was deleted in its entirety on the 26th of April 1961, before the Chamber of Commerce, Kansas City, Mo.

SPECIAL REVIEW FOR TRUDEAU SPEECHES

Mr. KENDALL. Thank you, Colonel Smith.

I have one or two final questions.

Have you ever been given any direct or indirect information, or even an indication, that General Trudeau was possibly considered a controversial figure and his speeches were singled out for special review?

Colonel SMITH. I have to think on that one just a second, sir. I think, indirectly, there must have been some report of this to me, sir. Mr. KENDALL. And from what agency did that report come, sir? Colonel SMITH. I believe the information would reach me through the Office for Freedom of Information. It would have been in connection with the-it would have been about the time September 1961. I believe it was told to me that his speeches were taking longer to be cleared than before, the 8 full working days, because they had to be presented to certain officials for clearance.

Mr. KENDALL. That is all I have, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Senator Thurmond?

"FABIAN SOCIALISTS" DELETED FROM TRUDEAU SPEECH, NO. 18

Senator THURMOND. Colonel Smith, you stated you had occasion to study the speeches here of other people besides General Trudeau, I believe.

Colonel SMITH. I have not studied the other speeches, sir.

Senator THURMOND. You might turn to speech No. 18 by General Trudeau.

Colonel SMITH. I have it, sir.

Senator THURMOND. That is 18, page 7.

Do you know of any reason why the term "Fabian Socialist" was deleted there in that sentence?

Colonel SMITH. I have no idea, Senator.

Senator THURMOND. The sentence reads:

We will be blocked and harassed not only by selfish interests who are unable to rise to the occasion, but by the Fabian Socialists and Communists who, most of all,

and so forth.

According to the note, who censored that?

Colonel SMITH. The note here says State, sir.

WHETHER PATTERN EXISTS IN CERTAIN CHANGES IN TRUDEAU SPEECHES

Senator THURMOND. Speech No. 17, page 5.

Colonel SMITH. I have it, sir.

Senator THURMOND. That is a statement that the Soviets have not relented in the slightest to try to dominate our way of life. Who censored that one?

Colonel SMITH. It reads here State Department, sir.

Senator THURMOND. I am not going to take the time to go through and ask you about all of these because you are not familiar with them, but for your information I would just like to call to your attention the censor's actions with regard to statements about dominating the world.

You will find similar statements deleted in speeches 1, 17, 31, 33, 37, 51, 80, 85, 109, 141, 142, and various others. You have not had occasion to study any of those?

Colonel SMITH. I have not had occasion to study them, sir.

Senator THURMOND. So you could not say whether or not a pattern existed in those or not?

Colonel SMITH. That is true. I could not say so.

Senator THURMOND. Have you had occasion to study those where the word "Communist aggression" is used, to determine whether or not there is a pattern there, such as in speeches 19, 21, 44, 48, 51, 55, 72, 87, 131, 141 and 154, and others?

Colonel SMITH. No, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Have you had occasion to study those?
Colonel SMITH. No, sir.

Senator THURMOND. So you could not tell whether or not a pattern exists there?

Colonel SMITH. I could not, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Have you had occasion to study those speeches which originally contained references to the word "victory"? I just want to get it in the record.

Speeches 3, 10, 23, 97, 113, 151, and various others. You have not had occasion to study those?

Colonel SMITH. I have not, sir.

Senator THURMOND. So you do not know whether a pattern was followed in censoring out the word "victory" or censoring words that implied Communist aggression, or censoring words that indicated the aim or the goal of the Communists was to dominate the world? Colonel SMITH. I would not, sir.

Senator THURMOND. So you are not familiar with that?

Colonel SMITH. I am not familiar with it.

Senator THURMOND. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Thank you, Senator.

REPEATED USE OF EFFECTIVE AND PREFERRED PHRASEOLOGY

Senator BARTLETT. Just briefly, Mr. Chairman.

Colonel Smith, I think it is true of all writers I have heard it isthat they become fond of the blending of the words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs they write in projecting an idea or ideas, and it has been noted by you, according to Mr. Kendall, that in several speeches the same expressions would be used.

My question is this:

Would this be altogether because it was considered to be the best language with which to convey the idea, and despite previous deletions you wanted to try to get it in, or, would this be a sort of game, as it were, a desire to see whether you could get one group of reviewers to pass the words which had been eliminated by another?

Colonel SMITH. Sir, in my business, I do not have time to play games. There has been none of that. It is simply the best language. These paragraphs are worked on a long time, and you are exactly right. A person that chooses words likes the words.

There has been considerable effort put into them. So, consequently, if you have a paragraph which says a certain message, you would like to use it as much as you can.

Senator BARTLETT. And then even though it has been eliminated before, you were so convinced that this was the right vehicle, the right grouping of words, that you would seek approval in a subsequent speech?

Colonel SMITH. Sir, I think the dates are very close together. The dates were in March and April. They were very close in time. So, as long as the phrase had not been overworked, it still is usable.

If a phrase or paragraph is overworked, you must delete it. You must develop something new.

Senator BARTLETT. Or at least get geographic separation?

Colonel SMITH. This is correct, sir; this is the point.

Senator BARTLETT. Thank you.

That is all, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Kendall, do you have somthing further? Mr. KENDALL. Nothing further, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Senator Thurmond?

PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING AND EVALUATION OF DELETIONS

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Chairman, I just have one more question. Colonel, have you had any training in psychological warfare operations?

Colonel SMITH. I have not, sir.

Senator THURMOND. I just wondered if you felt that you could evaluate if there was a pattern in the deletions made by the State Department?

Colonel SMITH. I could not, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Thank you very much.

Senator STENNIS. Senator Bartlett, anything further?

Senator BARTLETT. Nothing further, thank you.

Senator STENNIS. Colonel Smith, do you have any other point that

Colonel SMITH. I do not, sir.

Senator STENNIS. Do you have anything to add to the answers you have given?

Colonel SMITH. No, sir.

EXPRESSION OF APPRECIATION TO SMITH

Senator STENNIS. We thank you very much, Colonel Smith, for coming in and being with us. I understand that you worked on this matter, too, for the staff.

Colonel SMITH. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. We want to thank you especially for your assistance in the staff's preparations.

Colonel SMITH. Thank you. It has been a privilege, sir.

Senator STENNIS. Members of the subcommittee, we will hear next from Comdr. S. R. Overall, Special Assistant to the Chief of Naval Operations.

Commander Overall, will you stand and be sworn, please?

Do you solemnly swear that your testimony before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Commander OVERALL. I do.

OVERALL BIOGRAPHY

Senator STENNIS. Have a seat, sir. Commander, we are very glad to have you here. I have a biographical sketch of Commander Overall that I wish to put in the record at this point.

(The biographical sketch referred to is as follows:)

COMDR. SIDNEY R. OVERALL, JR., U.S. NAVY

Sidney Rollins Overall, Jr., was born June 22, 1923, in St. Louis, Mo., son of Clemence (Garneau) Overall and the late Sidney R. Overall. He attended Phillips Academy, Andover, and Yale University prior to entering the U.S. Navy in 1942 as an aviation cadet.

Upon completion of his flight training on September 10, 1943, Commander Overall was designated as a naval aviator and commissioned ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve.

Subsequent to his commissioning he was assigned to Torpedo Squadron 10 in the Pacific Fleet and served in this unit as a carrier pilot and navigation officer until November 1945.

During the period that his squadron was based aboard U.S.S. Enterprise and U.S.S. Intrepid, Commander Overall participated in strikes on Wake Island, Guam, the Japanese home islands, and in the invasions of Saipan and Okinawa. He also participated in the First Battle of the Philippine Sea and other actions against units of the Japanese Fleet. He was awarded the Navy Cross for “extraordinary heroism * ** as a pilot of a carrier-based torpedo aircraft in action against the Japanese Fleet on April 7, 1945 * * *. In the face of intense and accurate antiaircraft fire he skillfully and courageously pressed home his attack to within 1,000 yards of a large Japanese destroyer leader, his torpedo scoring a direct hit on the warship which was observed to sink immediately following the attack." Commander Overall was also awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal with four stars, and the Navy Unit Citation with two stars for his service during this period.

At the conclusion of World War II, Commander Overall was forced down in northern China and was in the custody of the Chinese Communists until his escape in September 1945.

After returning from overseas, he was assigned as a primary flight instructor

in the U.S. Navy in September 1946 and advanced through grades to commander in January 1959.

From 1947 to 1949 he served as a project test pilot at the Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, Calif. Following selection and successful completion of lighter-than-air flight training, he was designated a naval aviator (LTA) in September 1949. and served with aviation units of the Atlantic Fleet until 1952, when he was assigned to the Naval Air Station Anacostia, Washington, D.C., as an instrument flight instructor and public information officer.

In 1954, Commander Overall attended the General Line and Naval Science School, Monterey, Calif., and upon graduation was assigned to the staff of Commander Cruiser Division 4. During this period he served as staff gunnery and readiness officer abroad various cruisers of the 2d and 6th Fleets.

In 1956, Commander Overall received jet transitional training and upon completion of the course was transferred to Electronic Countermeasures Squadron 2. He served overseas with this Atlantic Fleet squadron in the capacity of administrative officer and plane commander until being assigned to his current tour in Washington, D.C., and received a letter of commendation for his performance of duty with this squadron.

In February 1960, Commander Overall reported as special assistant to the Chief of Naval Operations and has served in this capacity since that date.

Commander Overall is married to the former Mary Jane O'Reilly of St. Louis, Mo. He has two sons, Sidney Rollins III and Curtis Burnam, and three daughters, Mary Jane, Clemence Garneau, and Phoebe Elizabeth.

Senator STENNIS. Do you have a prepared statement, sir?

Commander OVERALL. I have a brief statement of identification.

TESTIMONY OF COMDR. SIDNEY R. OVERALL, JR., U.S. NAVY, SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS Senator STENNIS. All right, if you will, you may proceed, sir.

OVERALL STATEMENT

Commander OVERALL. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, I consider it a very real privilege indeed to be before you today, but I can assure you that recognizing my concurrent obligations both as a military officer and as a citizen, it is a privilege I accept with the deepest sense of responsibility.

Since February 1960 I have been serving as special assistant to the Chief of Naval Operations, first under Adm. Arleigh Burke until his retirement in August, and after his retirement under Adm. George Anderson.

During both periods I have, in addition to my other duties, assisted the Chief of Naval Operations in the preparation of his public remarks and have attempted to insure that these remarks were cleared through the review process as required by the Department of Defense. Quite naturally, based on personal experience, I have some thoughts and feelings concerning the vital issues now before this committee. However, since this committee has been in session you have been fortunate to have heard the very thoughtful statements on the subject at hand from some of our country's most distinguished military and civilian leaders.

For this reason, I do not feel that a detailed statement on my part would be either appropriate or desirable. Accordingly, I will say only that I am prepared to answer any of your questions which my knowledge, my limited area of responsibility and existing directives permit me to answer.