flew with a night torpedo squadron in the Pacific with Task Force 38. He received a Presidential unit citation and three battle stars. Since 1950, he has been a Reserve officer, naval intelligence.

He resided in China in 1946, the Philippines in 1948 and 1949 and from 1950 through 1953 lived and traveled in Asia, the Middle East, and Europe surveying Communist techniques and activities. Prior to entering the Department of Defense, he lectured in the United States, China, the Philippines, and Greece, and worked closely with Philippine and United States Government agencies in antiHukbalahap activities in Filipino and other anti-Communist programs in Asia and Greece. Also he has been visiting lecturer at the National War College, Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Army War College, Air War College, Marine Corps Senior School, Armed Forces Staff College, Air Command and Staff College, the Military Assistance Institute, Harvard Business School, and various civic, educational and private organizations.

Mr. Broger was a founder of the nonprofit, noncommercial Far East Broadcasting Co. in 1945 which operates 15 medium and shortwave transmitters in the Philippines, Taiwan, Okinawa, and California, broadcasting over 800 program hours weekly, 20 hours per day to all Asia, Russia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, in 37 languages and dialects.

He received the AMVETS annual Americanism Award in 1956 and a Freedoms Foundation award in 1958. In 1956, the Department of Defense received jointly with International Christian Leadership the Top Freedoms Foundation Award for the Militant Liberty Concept which Mr. Broger authored. Concerning this concept, Secretary Wilson wrote in 1955: "It is essential that members of our Armed Forces thoroughly understand and support the principles upon which our Nation is founded. The rights endowed by our Creator place upon each of us commensurate responsibilities to dedicate ourselves to the preservation of these principles and our American way of life.

"The Militant Liberty Concept *** analyzes and contrasts the basic conflict between communism and the free world as it affects the individual; provides a means of measuring the trends toward individual liberty or authoritarianism in any given area; and sets forth basic principles and ideals of liberty toward which people should strive if individual liberty is to be the goal of achievement. "The principles of the Militant Liberty Concept in conjunction with the recently promulgated code of conduct provide unified and purposeful guiding precepts for all members of the Armed Forces and the Department of Defense."

BROGER STATEMENT

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Broger, you have a prepared statement, is that correct?

Mr. BROGER. Yes, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. All right. You may read it, please.

Mr. BROGER. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am John C. Broger, Director of the Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower).

I was appointed to this position on August 3, 1961, after having served as Deputy Director since September 4, 1956. Prior to that from May of 1954, I was a full-time consultant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on psychological operations including objectives, tasks, and themes to be employed by the Department of Defense in support of national objectives. Presently, I am a Reserve officer in Naval Intelligence.

I am prepared to present a briefing of the activities of my Office if you so desire, Mr. Chairman.

BROGER BRIEFING

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Broger, we understood that you would come prepared to brief us and we appreciate that. I think it is the will of the subcommittee now that we ask you to present that briefing. I don't know but what some problem may arise about getting it all into the record. Do you have charts?

Mr. BROGER. Mr. Chairman, there will be slides used which we can reproduce for entry into the record if you desire.

Senator STENNIS. Yes. I think that it might turn out to be some of the most valuable evidence. So if you can, reproduce these and furnish them for the record at the proper place.

sir.

Mr. BROGER. We will be very glad to, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Otherwise, you may proceed in your own way,

Mr. BROGER. Thank you, sir.

Senator STENNIS. I imagine first you are going to outline orally what you propose to show us.

Mr. BROGER. I propose, Mr. Chairman, to speak at the screen so that it will make better sense.

Senator STENNIS. All right. You have made arrangements about the lights?

Mr. BROGER. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right.

And can you supply yourself with a microphone over there?

Mr. BROGER. I have one, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. About how long will this take?

Mr. BROGER. If I go straight through it, Mr. Chairman, probably 20 or 25 minutes.

Senator STENNIS. Well, we won't have any interruptions and I am certainly glad that Senator Saltonstall can stay.

Mr. BROGER. However, I will be glad

Senator STENNIS. No. I think you had better not encourage interruptions.

All right. You may proceed.

flew with a night torpedo squadron in the Pacific with Task Force 38. He received a Presidential unit citation and three battle stars. Since 1950, he has been a Reserve officer, naval intelligence.

He resided in China in 1946, the Philippines in 1948 and 1949 and from 1950 through 1953 lived and traveled in Asia, the Middle East, and Europe surveying Communist techniques and activities. Prior to entering the Department of Defense, he lectured in the United States, China, the Philippines, and Greece, and worked closely with Philippine and United States Government agencies in antiHukbalahap activities in Filipino and other anti-Communist programs in Asia and Greece. Also he has been visiting lecturer at the National War College, Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Army War College, Air War College, Marine Corps Senior School, Armed Forces Staff College, Air Command and Staff College, the Military Assistance Institute, Harvard Business School, and various civic, educational and private organizations.

Mr. Broger was a founder of the nonprofit, noncommercial Far East Broadcasting Co. in 1945 which operates 15 medium and shortwave transmitters in the Philippines, Taiwan, Okinawa, and California, broadcasting over 800 program hours weekly, 20 hours per day to all Asia, Russia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, in 37 languages and dialects.

He received the AMVETS annual Americanism Award in 1956 and a Freedoms Foundation award in 1958. In 1956, the Department of Defense received jointly with International Christian Leadership the Top Freedoms Foundation Award for the Militant Liberty Concept which Mr. Broger authored. Concern

ing this concept, Secretary Wilson wrote in 1955: "It is essential that members of our Armed Forces thoroughly understand and support the principles upon which our Nation is founded. The rights endowed by our Creator place upon each of us commensurate responsibilities to dedicate ourselves to the preservation of these principles and our American way of life.

"The Militant Liberty Concept *** analyzes and contrasts the basic conflict between communism and the free world as it affects the individual; provides a means of measuring the trends toward individual liberty or authoritarianism in any given area; and sets forth basic principles and ideals of liberty toward which people should strive if individual liberty is to be the goal of achievement. "The principles of the Militant Liberty Concept in conjunction with the recently promulgated code of conduct provide unified and purposeful guiding precepts for all members of the Armed Forces and the Department of Defense."

BROGER STATEMENT

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Broger, you have a prepared statement, is that correct?

Mr. BROGER. Yes, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. All right. You may read it, please.

Mr. BROGER. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am John C. Broger, Director of the Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower).

I was appointed to this position on August 3, 1961, after having served as Deputy Director since September 4, 1956. Prior to that from May of 1954, I was a full-time consultant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on psychological operations including objectives, tasks, and themes to be employed by the Department of Defense in support of national objectives. Presently, I am a Reserve officer in Naval Intelligence.

I am prepared to present a briefing of the activities of my Office if you so desire, Mr. Chairman.

BROGER BRIEFING

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Broger, we understood that you would come prepared to brief us and we appreciate that. I think it is the will of the subcommittee now that we ask you to present that briefing. I don't know but what some problem may arise about getting it all into the record. Do you have charts?

Mr. BROGER. Mr. Chairman, there will be slides used which we can reproduce for entry into the record if you desire.

Senator STENNIS. Yes. I think that it might turn out to be some of the most valuable evidence. So if you can, reproduce these and furnish them for the record at the proper place.

sir.

Mr. BROGER. We will be very glad to, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Otherwise, you may proceed in your own way,

Mr. BROGER. Thank you, sir.

Senator STENNIS. I imagine first you are going to outline orally what you propose to show us.

Mr. BROGER. I propose, Mr. Chairman, to speak at the screen so that it will make better sense.

Senator STENNIS. All right. You have made arrangements about the lights?

Mr. BROGER. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right.

And can you supply yourself with a microphone over there?

Mr. BROGER. I have one, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. About how long will this take?

Mr. BROGER. If I go straight through it, Mr. Chairman, probably 20 or 25 minutes.

Senator STENNIS. Well, we won't have any interruptions and I am certainly glad that Senator Saltonstall can stay.

Mr. BROGER. However, I will be glad

Senator STENNIS. No. I think you had better not encourage interruptions.

All right. You may proceed.