Africa, المجلد 65،الأعداد 3-4Oxford University Press, 1995 Includes Proceedings of the Executive council and List of members, also section "Review of books". |
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الصفحة 359
... cattle exports are smuggled across borders to avoid duties , it has been estimated that in the early 1970s Mali cattle exports totalled 150,000 head , worth over 60 per cent of Mali's total export earnings , and equivalent to about 10 ...
... cattle exports are smuggled across borders to avoid duties , it has been estimated that in the early 1970s Mali cattle exports totalled 150,000 head , worth over 60 per cent of Mali's total export earnings , and equivalent to about 10 ...
الصفحة 380
... cattle fattening has led to the expansion of cattle ownership among sedentary cultivators . Blench ( 1984b ) estimates that in northern Nigeria animals of 1-2 years bought for 100-200 naira were being sold by mixed farmers after 1-2 ...
... cattle fattening has led to the expansion of cattle ownership among sedentary cultivators . Blench ( 1984b ) estimates that in northern Nigeria animals of 1-2 years bought for 100-200 naira were being sold by mixed farmers after 1-2 ...
الصفحة 554
... cattle does not mean that no payment was made . There was some movement towards the commutation of cattle payments to money payments . This new situation tended to favour young able - bodied labour migrants with access to a cash wage ...
... cattle does not mean that no payment was made . There was some movement towards the commutation of cattle payments to money payments . This new situation tended to favour young able - bodied labour migrants with access to a cash wage ...
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
African Studies Agadez animals Anthropology arid zone Bakwena Batlokwa bayaa bayɛ breeding burial house burial room Caldwells calves cattle cent chef clan colonial conflicts corpse culture Dagara death deceased développement District economic elders été Ethiopia ethnic example female circumcision Fulani funeral Ghana Gisu grave Harrismith herd structures herders identity International African Institute Islam Kasena Kenya Kuper l'Oti Lambussie land libutfo livestock London Maasai Maasailand males Mali marriage migrants milk Mopeli Mopti Namiélé Nandom Ncwala Niger Niger delta Nigeria nobles northern NYDA offtake Orange Free organisation pastoral pastoralists paysans political population production projet Qwaqwa region relations religious ritual role rural semi-arid sexual smiths Sobhuza social society Somali Sotho South southern strategies Sudan Swazi Swaziland Tanzania tion traditional transhumant tribal Tuareg University Press urban village Waso area Waso Boorana West Africa West African Witsieshoek women youth associations