The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to MakkahState University of New York Press, 30/06/1979 - 180 من الصفحات The Qu'ran admonishes Muslims that "the pilgrimage to the temple is an obligation due to God from those who are able to journey there." Today over one and a half million pilgrims annually fulfill this Fifth Pillar of Islam, the Hajj. Saudi Arabia conquered the Hijaz in part to protect Hajjis from abuses in the management of the Hajj. How does that country now administer the religious event that brings so many people, often poor and illiterate, into one small area to perform a variety of complex rituals? How does the government protect its visitors' health and safety, and ensure their proper guidance through the necessary rites? How does it move so many pilgrims in and out of what is essentially an out-of-the-way desert? David Long has set this thoughtful examination of the twentieth-century Hajj within its historical framework. He first provides a clear, concise description of the rituals either necessary or traditional to the proper performance of the Hajj; he then relates how the inhabitants of Mecca used to manage the pilgrimage and finally, relates how the new Saudi rulers gradually brought the Hajj service industry under government regulation. Today there is probably no agency of the Saudi government which is not at least tangentially concerned with the Hajj. Only in the area of health did there exist a history of public management. By the early nineteenth century it had become all too clear that the Hajj served to carry diseases endemic to the Orient to Europe, and by the end of that century health and quarantine procedures were under international control. Today the Saudi government has sole control of these matters. Oil revenue vastly exceeds Hajj revenues—once a major source of Saudi income—but the Hajj continues to play an enormous role in the religious, social, and political life of the country. And even in economics it structures the Saudi businessman's year and provides part- or full-time employment to more Saudi citizens than does the oil industry. This volume contains an extensive bibliography, appendixes containing statistical material on recent Hajjs, maps, and a glossary. |
المحتوى
The Rites of the Hajj | 11 |
From Laissez Faire | 27 |
Contemporary Regulatory Procedures | 39 |
The Internal Hajj Transportation Industry | 46 |
The Public Administration of the Hajj | 52 |
The Social Economic and Political Significance | 91 |
The Hajj Today | 113 |
APPENDIXES | 125 |
388 | 136 |
Bibliography | 147 |
Notes | 157 |
79 | 164 |
177 | |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
adilla Airlines al-Madinah al-Riyāḍ Arabic Arafāt arrival camel cholera Conférence sanitaire internationale countries Dhu al-Hijjah E. J. Brill economic Egyptian Faysal fees figures foreign Hajjis Grunebaum guild Hajj administration Hajj and Waqfs Hajj Instructions Hajj Ministry Hajj revenues Hajj rites Hajj season Hajj service industry Haram Mosque Hedjaz Hijaz Holy Cities Ibid Ibrāhīm iḥrām International Sanitary Islam Jiddah Ka'bah Kamal King Abd al-'Aziz Kingdom of Saudi lodgings London madhhab Madinah major Makkah Mecca Mekka ment Miná Ministerial Decree Ministry of Hajj Ministry of Interior Muhammad Muslim Pilgrimage Muslim world mutawwif mutawwifin Muzdalifah nafrah Najd non-Saudi Hajjis number of Hajjis official Saudi Oriente Moderno Ottoman overland Partin Pèlerinage prayer quarantine station rak'ahs religious ritual Rutter sa'y Sacred Journey Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Airlines Saudi government shaykh Snouck Hurgronje Standing Day Ta'ifah talbiyah tawaf tion Total transportation Umm al-Qurá Umrah Wahhabi wakil Waqfs World Health wukala Yanbu zamāzimah Zamzam Zionism