part of Tristan, and his censure on the subject was reported to the latter. They are on opposite sides in the tournament at the Chateau des Pucelles (p. 107), but they do not come into conflict with one another until their subsequent combat at the Perron Merlin (p. 147). On this latter occasion, however, each inspires his adversary with such an admiration for his valor that they cease fighting and begin a contest in courtesy with one another which leads to the cementing of a firm friendship between them. Lancelot, accordingly, introduces Tristan at Arthur's court (p. 148), and later, when Tristan and Iseult have fled from Cornwall together, he puts Joyous Gard at their disposal as a refuge (p. 258). Strange to say, however, the two queens do not meet in the romance.3

31

In a similar spirit, the author of our romance draws Perceval into the story of Tristan, by making the former duplicate Lancelot's feat 32 of freeing the latter from captivity (p. 245). All three, of course, are, subsequently, participants in the Grail quest, through which, still further, as we have seen, Tristan is brought into relations with Galahad.

Like the Lancelot, on which it is modelled, the Tristan has no plot such as we require in a modern work of fiction. Its form is simply that of a rambling biographical romance of the type which Chrétien had made popular expanded, however, to an enormous extent, as we have seen, after the fashion of the prose romances. On the other hand, the style of the Tristan has been highly commended by the best judges both of the Middle Ages and of Modern Times,34 and, in this respect, it stands, doubtless, in the front rank of the mediaeval prose romances.35

31

33

P. 260, Guinevere expresses a desire to visit her at Joyous Gard, but that is all.

#2 P. 217.

33

Cp. the passage from Brunetto Latini's Tresor, cited, p. 488, note 13, above.

34

Cp. G. Paris, Manuel, p. 111. It was this quality, doubtless, that rendered the romance such a favorite with Ariosto, if we may judge by the frequent use of it which he made in the Orlando Furioso. The main sources of the prose Tristan, as we have seen, are

35

the lost primitive poem, from which all extant Tristan romances are descended, and the Vulgate cycle. The influence of the Lancelot, in particular, is manifest on nearly every page. In the later PseudoHelie redaction we have noted, also, the influence of the Pseudo-Robert cycle. For the sources of the opening episodes of the romance see, still further, p. 492 and note, above. The author of the earliest redaction knew, also, Chrétien's Yvain and Erec cp. Löseth, pp. 83 ff. and 292 ff., respectively although he alters materially the story of Erec and Enide. We have observed, too, p. 490, note 22, a trace of the influence of Robert de Boron's Merlin. He probably knew the Meraugis de Portlesguez, the hero of which is here (p. 13) represented as Marc's son by his niece. On the other hand, he may have adopted the character merely from the Lancelot.

It would be useless to try to determine the specific sources from which our romancer drew a number of threadbare folk-tale motifs, exploited in his work: e. g. the magic drinking-horn as a chastity test (p. 39), the combat of father and son (p. 82), etc.

Schriften zur german. Philologie, herausgegeben von H. Collig. Bisher sind erschienen:

1. Collik, H.: Das schwache Präteritum u. seine Vorgeschichte. 16, 256 S. 1912. [geb. 6 fr.] Grundzahl) 5, geb. 7 2. Burchinal, M. C.: Hans Sachs and Goethe. A study in meter. 3, 52 S. 1912. [geb. 2,50 fr.]

Gz. 1,50, geb. 3 3. Niemer, G. C. 8.: Wörterbuch und Reimverzeichnis zu dem Armen Heinrich Hartmanns v. Aue. 4, 162 G. 1912. [geh. 3 fr.] 3. 3 4. Morgan, B. Qu.: Nature in Middle High German Lyrics. 8, 220 S. 1912. [geb. 4 fr.] Gz. 3, geb. 5 5. Rein, 0. F.: Mixed Preterites in German. 8, 131 S. 1915. [geb. 2,50 fr.] Gz. 2, geb. 3,50 6. Nudwin, M. J.: Der Teufel in den deutschen geiftlichen Spielen des Mittelalters und der Reformationszeit. Ein Beitrag zur Literatur-, Kultur- und Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands. 11, 194 S. [geb. 5,50 fr.]

1915.

Gz. 4, geb. 6

7. Price, L. M.: The Attitude of Gustav Freytag and Julian Schmidt toward English Literature (1848-1862). 8, 120 S. 1915. (geb. 2,50 fr.] Gz. 2, geb. 4 8. Sehrt, Ed. H.: Zur Geschichte der westgerm. Konjunktion Und. Mit 1 (eingedr.) Karte. 56 S. 1916. [geb. 2 fr.] 3. 1,50, geb. 2,50 9. Blankenagel, J. C.: The Attitude of Heinrich v. Kleist toward the Problems of Life. 4, 84 S. 1917. geb. 3 fr.] Gz. 2, geb. 3,50

10. Nur von der Johns Hopkins Press in Baltimore, Md., erhältlich. Im Druď befindlich find:

11. McCobb, A. Lewis: Middle High German gie-giene, lie-liez, vie-vienc.

12. Silz, Walter: Heinrich v. Kleists Conception of the Tragic. Soeben erschienen:

13. Kroesch, S.: Germanic Words for deceive". 7, 127 S. 1923. (geb. 5 fr.] Gz. 3, geb. 5 Ergänzungsreihe: Schriften zur englischen Philologie, unter Mitwirkung von H. Colliz herausgegeben von James W. Bright. 1. Wood, Francis A.: Some parallel Formations in English. 72 S. 1913. [geb. 3 fr.] Gz. 2, geb. 3 2. Historia Meriadoci and De ortu Waluuanii. Two Arthurian romances of the 13th century in Latin prose, ed. by J. D. Bruce. 76, 96 S. 1913. [geb. 3 fr.]

Gz. 2, geb. 3 3. Chew, jr., S. C.: The Dramas of Lord Byron. A critical study. 6, 181 S. 1915. [geh. 3 fr.] Gz. 3 4.-6. Heft nur von der Johns Hopkins Press in Baltimore, Md., erhältlich. 7. Stonyhurst Pageants. Edited, with Introduction by Carleton Brown. 310 S. 1920. [geb. 12 fr.] Gz. 7, geb. 9 8. Bruce, J. D.: The Evolution of Arthurian romance from the beginnings down to the year 1300. Vol. 1. Im Druck.

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