142; Wight Icon. t. 146; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1031; Scheff. Myrs. 97; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 277; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 137; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CXXXIX. Anal. pl. XIX. III.; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 533; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 74; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 276; Pax in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 97, fig. 57; Schimp. Strandfl. 44, figs. 1, 2; Prain Beng. Pl. 645. E. fragrans, Koenig Ann. of Bot. I. 129, t. 3; Wall. Cat. 2326; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. III. 84, t. 21. E. minus, A. DC. 1.c. 142. E. Malaspinaa, DC. 1.c. 143. E. obo vatum, Blume Bijdr. 693. Æ. corniculatum, Blanco Fl. Filip. 79; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. II. 227 and For. Fl. III. 114; Mez Monog. Myrs. 55, fig. 8. Rhizophora corniculata, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 3 (1764), 635. "Pou-Kandel," Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. 36. Mangium fruticosum corniculatum, Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 117.

PENANG: Wallich 2326; Curtis 52, 513. PERAK: King's Collector 4961. MALACCA: Maingay (K.D.) 1017; Griffith (K.D.) 3538. SINGAPORE: Ridley 2801A, 3632A.-DISTRIB. Sea-coast of India from Sind to Ceylon, the Sundarbans, Burma, and the Andaman Islands; eastwards to the Malay Islands, South China, the Philippines and Australia. One of the coast plants included under the general name of "Mangroves."

Order LXXI. SAPOTACEE.

Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, generally evergreen, young parts often rusty-tomentose. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, coriaceous or rarely membranous, entire, penniveined; stipules none or very caducous. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, small or medium-sized, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves, sometimes (Sarcosperma) paniculate; bracts and bracteoles very small or wanting. Calyx inferior, persistent or deciduous; lobes 4 to 8, much imbricate, occasionally biseriate with the outer ones valvate. Corolla gamopetalous; tube short, campanulate or urceolate; lobes as many as, or 2 to 4 times as many as, those of the calyx. Stamens inserted on the corolla-tube in 1 to 2 series and opposite to them, sometimes alternating with staminodes; filaments short, erect; anthers ovatelanceolate or linear-sagittate, 2-celled, the connective sometimes pro

duced.

Disk hypogynous, often inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary superior, sessile, often villous, 2-5- or more celled; style shortly conical or elongate-subulate, glabrous; stigma terminal, punctiform; ovules solitary in the cells, attached to the inner angle. Fruit an indehiscent, 1-8-seeded berry, pericarp usually fleshy. Seeds, if solitary, conform to

the fruit; if more than one compressed, ellipsoid; hilum conspicuous; testa usually crustaceous, shining; embryo straight, exalbuminous with fleshy cotyledons, or albuminous with flat cotyledons; radicle inferior, usually small.-DISTRIB. About 320 species, in the tropical regions of the whole world, genera about 24.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or pubescent on the under-surface, main-nerves usually very many, thin; stipules none. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-7-lobed; lobes subequal, imbricate. Corolla tubular-campanulate or sub-rotate, 5-7-lobed; lobes imbricate, entire. Stamens equal in number with, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, attached to the tube or the base of the lobes; filaments subulate or filiform; anthers ovate or triangular, extrorse or laterally dehiscing; staminodes none. Ovary villous, 5-, rarely 6-7-celled, style glabrous; Ovules one in each cell, attached to the central placenta. Fruit a fleshy or coriaceous berry, globose, 5-celled or less by abortion. Seeds large; testa very hard, dull or shining; hilum conspicuous; embryo as large as the seed, erect, cotyledons flat in fleshy albumen, radicle inferior.— DISTRIB. About 60 species, chiefly tropical American, few only in Asia, Africa and Australia.

V. 33 (1837).

CHRYSOPHYLLUM ROXBURGHII, G. Don Gen. Syst. A slender, erect tree reaching 40 to 60 ft. in height, evergreen; branches horizontal; bark smooth, grey; young branchlets and innovations ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, alternate; oblonglanceolate, suddenly caudate-acuminate at the apex which is sometimes obtuse, cuneate at base and unequal, undulate on the margins; 3 to 6 in. long, 1.25-2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

beneath; main-nerves very numerous, parallel, nearly at right angles to midrib, meeting in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves similar, reticulations slanting; petiole thick, 25 in. long, pubescent. Flowers small, in rounded axillary fascicles; pedicels slender, 1 to 2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate, glabrous or pubescent outside, thick, ciliate on the margins, 07 to 1 in. long; tube short. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 1 in. long; lobes 5, short, ciliate on the margins. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla, opposite the corolla-lobes and inserted on the base of the tube; filaments slender; anthers ovate, apiculate and ending in a minute tuft of hairs, extrorse, slits somewhat lateral. Ovary rounded, obscurely 5-lobed, surrounded by a thick tuft of long ferruginous hairs; style thick, cylindro-conical, glabrous; cells 5. Fruit a globose or obscurely 5-lobed berry 1 to 15 in. in diam., strongly 5-lobed when dry, ferruginous-tomentose when young afterwards smooth, yellowishgreen, with thick glutinous pulp. Seeds 6 in. long, 5 in. broad, flattened, the outer edge curved, the inner nearly straight; hilum oblong, conspicuous, pale; testa very hard, thick, shining, chestnutbrown; embryo erect, cotyledons flat, 4 in. broad, ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved; radicle large, cylindric. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 162; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 535; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 236; Kurz For. Fl. II. 118 and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877) 228; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 76; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 138; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 88; Burck Ann. Gard. Buit. V. i. (1886), 4; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 130. C. acuminatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 599; Wall. Cat. 4160 (not of Lamk.). C. lanceolatum, A. DC. 1.c.; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1035. C. javanicum, Steud. Nom. Ed. II. i. 359. Nycteristition lanceolatum, Bl. Bijdr. 676.

MALACCA: Griffith (K.D.) 3600; Maingay (K.D.) 980; Goodenough 1739. SINGAPORE: Ridley 2756, 5837.-DISTRIB. British India; Burma; Java; Sumatra.

Curtis No. 1072, collected at Batu Ferengy, Penang, and now in the Kew Herbarium, seems to be a new species of Chrysophyllum. The leaves are chartaceous, lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, glabrous, shining, 2 to 4 in. long, 75 to 1 in. broad, the veins indistinct. Flowers unknown. Fruit a fleshy berry, 5 in. in diam., 5-lobed when dry, glabrous. Seeds 4 in. long, 25 in. broad, rounded on the outside, narrowed and somewhat concave within; testa hard, dark chestnutbrown, shining; hilum narrow. It might be called C. Curtisii, n. sp., King & Gamble.

2. SARCOSPERMA, Hook. f.

Glabrous trees. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, opposite and alternate, oblong; stipules caducous. Flowers small, sessile or fascicled

on the branches of a simple or compound panicle, sessile or shortly pedicellate; bracteoles minute. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded, sub-equal, much imbricate. Corolla broadly campanulate; tube short; lobes 5, rounded, entire, much imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla and opposite to its lobes; filaments very short; anthers obtuse, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing. Staminodes 5, small, subulate or rounded. Ovary glabrous, 1-2-celled; style short; stigma somewhat lobed, capitate. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 1-2-seeded; pericarp coriaceous, scarcely thick. Seeds 1-2; testa crustaceous; hilum nearly basal; albumen none; embryo fleshy.-DISTRIB. Species 3, in NorthEast India, Burma, Malaya and S. China.

SARCOSPERMA PANICULATUM, Stapf & King in Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 2690 (1901). A tree, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 18 to 20 in. in diam.; branchlets thick, dark brown, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; sub-opposite, elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at apex, acute or rounded or often rhomboid at base; glabrous on both surfaces, nearly black when dry; 4 to 8.5 in. long, 1.5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; mainnerves 7-8 pairs, slender, distant, often nearly 1 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves many and, like the transverse reticulations, inconspicuous; glandular pits in the axils of most of the main-nerves; petiole 5 to 7 in. long, channelled above and with two minute rounded auricles below the blade. Flowers solitary or clustered on the branches of a leafy compound panicle of racemes, the racemes often 2 in. long; bracteoles minute, triangular; pedicels rarely reaching 05 in. in length, stout; buds globose. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, rounded, usually 3 larger with somewhat scarious margins, 2 smaller thicker and slightly acute, shortly campanulate. Corolla-lobes 5, closely imbricate, rounded, glabrous, 05 in. long, the margins revolute; tube as long as lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the top of the tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate, rounded, introrse, or laterally dehiscing. Staminodes alternating with the stamens, minute, nearly orbicular, crenulate. Ovary conical, furrowed; style very short, thick, stigma capitate, minutely 2-4-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, ellipsoid, seeds, 1-2. Bracea paniculata, King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIV. ii. 101.

PERAK: Scortechini; King's Collector 7970, 8086, 10284, 10554, 10672, 10835; among large bamboos, on river-banks, or in mixed forest.

3. SIDEROXYLON, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed, with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous or thinner, entire, alternate; stipules none. Flowers

small, in fascicles in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, sub-sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx of 5-6 imbricate, usually orbicular and obtuse segments. Corolla campanulate, or

tubular-campanulate, with 5 or rarely 6 lobes, the lobes imbricate. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite to them, attached to the tube or at its base; filaments linear, usually short; anthers ovate or lanceolate; staminodes alternating with the stamens, lanceolate. Ovary usually villous, with 5 or fewer cells; style cylindric; stigma small; ovules erect, placentas axile. Fruit an ovoid or globose fleshy berry, 5- or less-seeded, usually with one seed only. Seeds compressed, generally solitary; testa hard, crustaceous, usually shining; hilum oblong or linear; embryo erect, cotyledons flat or thickened, in fleshy albumen; radicle short, inferior.-DISTRIB. About 60 species, mostly of tropical regions in both hemispheres, a few only extratropical in South Africa or Australasia.

Leaves more than 3 in. broad, yellowish when dry, main-nerves
very prominent
Leaves under 3 in. broad, green or brown when dry:

:

Leaves nearly glabrous, membranous, obovate-acuminate
Leaves pubescent beneath, at least on the nerves:-
Corolla-tube longer than the lobes; leaves elliptic, grey-silky
beneath

Corolla-tube shorter than the lobes:

Leaves obovate, main-nerves not very prominent or
regular

1. S. malaccense.

2. S. Maingayi.

3. S. Derryanum.

4. S. ferrugineum.

5. S. firmum.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN: 6. S. Wallichianum.

1. SIDEROXYLON MALACCENSE, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 537 (1882). A large tree, reaching 40 to 60 feet in height; branches pale brown; ultimate branchlets ferruginous-pubescent, as are the leaf-buds and young leaves. Leaves coriaceous; often, not always, crowded towards the ends of the branchlets; obovate-oblong, rounded or shortly acute at apex, somewhat cuneate at base; deep-green above, pale bluish-green beneath, yellow when dry, densely rusty-pubescent beneath when young, glabrous on both surfaces when old except for rusty hairs on the midrib and main-nerves beneath; 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4.5 in. broad; midrib very thick and prominent; main-nerves 8-14 pairs, very prominent, starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, parallel at first, ultimately arched upwards; reticulations not prominent, obliquely joining the main-nerves; petiole 1 to 1.5 in. long, thick, enlarged at base, bordered above by the slightly decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of the leaves, above