22. PSYCHOTRIA FULVOIDEA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark-coloured, glabrous. Leaves membranous, narrowly elliptic, acuminate, crenulate, the base cuneate; upper surface glabrous, dark brown when dry, the lower reddish-brown; the midrib, nerves and reticulations rustypubescent, otherwise glabrous; midrib prominent on both surfaces, the 10 to 14 pairs of spreading, curving main-nerves slightly prominent on the lower; length 6 to 7 in.; breadth 2 to 2.5 in.; petiole 1 to 13 in. Stipules membranous, ovate, caudate-acuminate, the edges irregularly serrate, ciliate, length about 1 in. Cymes axillary, trichotomous, condensed, about 2 in. broad when in fruit and 1.25 in. long, on deflexed, coarsely but shortly pubescent peduncles 3 in. long; their branches short, spreading, bracteate at the divisions and coarsely pubescent. Flowers condensed into globose capitulate cymes at the apices of the branches, sessile. Calyx narrowly campanulate, pubescent, with 5 erect acute teeth. Corolla unknown. Fruit narrowly elliptic, tapering to each end, the apex crowned by the short pubescent lobes, with 12 deep ridges and grooves, glabrous, 4 in. long and 2 in. in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally 2-grooved.

PERAK: Scortechini 538.

This approaches P. fulva, but is a smaller plant, with crenulate leaves quite glabrous on the upper surface and nearly so on the lower.

23. PSYCHOTRIA STIPULACEA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 164. A shrub, 1 to 2 feet high, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous; stems as thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry. Leaves membranous, broadly oblanceolate to elliptic, or oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base; both surfaces glabrous, when dry brown with a reddish tinge; midrib very stout, mainnerves 11 to 13 pairs, spreading, slightly curved, distinct on both surfaces; length 5 to 9 in.; breadth 2 to 4 in.; petioles 5 to 1.25 in. long, winged near the apex. Stipules large, sub-persistent, ovate, sometimes bifid, 75 to 1 in. long, and about 4 in. broad. Cyme usually solitary, corymbose, trichotomous, terminal, on a short peduncle, bracteate at the base, about 2 to 3 in. in diam. ; its branches puberulous, bracts and brac teoles triangular. Flowers 15 in. long, on short pedicels, clustered in dense, cymose, capituliform cymes at the ends of the ultimate branches. Calyx campanulate, with 5 broad pubescent lobes, the tube glabrous. Corolla longer than the calyx, widely campanulate, 4 or 5-toothed. Fruit ellipsoid, sub-compressed, 10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx, 3 in. long, and 15 in. in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally concave, with one central ridge. Wall. Cat. 8329; DC. Prod. IV. 519;

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 167.

PENANG: Wallich 8329; Curtis 732. TRANG: Kunstler 1382. PAHANG Ridley 2216. PERAK Ridley 2918; King's Collector, 1357, 1382; Wray 3440; Scortechini 278, 307, 558, 692.-DISTRIB. Sumatra.

24. PSYCHOTRIA CURTISII, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub, 6 feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-pubescent. Leaves elliptic, sometimes somewhat obovate, tapering equally to each end, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the upper glabrous or with a few hairs on the midrib near the base, the lower rusty-puberulous between the 9 or 10 pairs of bold, shortly and densely rusty-pubescent curved ascending main-nerves; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1.5 to 3 in.; petioles 5 in., densely rusty-pubescent. Stipules caducous. Cyme solitary, terminal, 3-branched, on a pubescent peduncle from 3 to 5 in. long (much longer in fruit), branches bearing 3 to 5 sessile flowers in capitula at their apices; bracteoles linear. Flowers 25 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Calyx half-superior, campanulate, the mouth with 5 long, spreading, ovate-acuminate lobes. Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped, with 5 oblong lobes. Fruit ovoid, tapering to the apex, crowned by the long lobes of the calyx, the sides puberulous, 10-ridged. Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral plane.

PENANG: Curtis 2695.

25. PSYCHOTRIA RHINOCEROTIS, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 961. A shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, at first rusty-tomentose, afterwards glabrescent and pale brown. Leaves coriaceous, obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, the apex broad, but usually with a small abrupt apiculus, the base cuneate; upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, the lower brown and softly and finely rusty-pubescent; the midrib broad, more prominent on the upper than on the lower surface; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, slightly curved, oblique, distinct on both surfaces; length 3 to 5 in.; breadth 1.35 to 2.5 in.; petiole 2 to 6 in., stout. Panicle solitary, terminal, 1.5 in. long and slightly wider; branches few, lax, divaricate, cymosely few-flowered. Fruit ellipticovoid, slightly compressed, with 10 vertical grooves (2 of them double), crowned by the rather broad, bluntly 5-toothed calyx, acutely 10-ridged (2 ridges double), pubescent between the ridges; length 25 in.; breadth 2 in. Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, ventral surface plane. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. III. 292; DC. Prod. IV. 521; Korth. Kruidk. p. 242.

PERAK King's Collector 8272; Scortechini.

26. PSYCHOTRIA MALAYANA, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. 3; reprinted in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. (1843), p. 26. A shrub; young branches

rather thinner than a goose-quill, sub-terete, glabrous, rather pale brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or broadly elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, much narrowed to the base; upper surfaces glabrous, brown, shining when dry, the lower dull and sparsely pubescent, often tinged reddish, the edges slightly recurved; main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, ascending, little curved, bold on the lower surface and faint on the upper; length 5 to 10 in.; breadth 2.5 to 4.5 in.; petioles 4 to 15 in. Stipules broadly ovate, blunt, about 35 in. long. Cyme terminal, on an angled, sub-compressed peduncle 5 to 1 in. long (lengthening in fruit), the branches corymbose, whorled, many-flowered; ultimate cymules 3-flowered. Flowers 5 in. long, 2 on each cymule, on short pedicels (the middle one sessile), minutely bracteolate at the base. Calyx under 1 in. long, tubular, the truncate mouth minutely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4 in. long, with 5 oblong sub-acute lobes; the throat villous inside. Fruit 4 in. long and 3 in. in diam., elliptic-ovoid, vertically 10-ridged, the apex with very slight remains of the calyx. Seeds faintly 4-ridged on the dorsal, the ventral surface plane with a faint central groove. DC. Prod. IV. 520. P. aurantiaca, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., II. 165; Blume Bijdr. 962; Wall. Cat. 8335. Grumelia aurantiaca and Chasalia expansa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 296 and 281.

SINGAPORE: Ridley 6468, 8422; Hullett 904. PAHANG: Ridley 2197. PERAK: King's Collector 6327, 7168; Wray 2956; Scortechini 307.-DISTRIB. Borneo, Java.

The corolla of this is larger than that of any other Malayan species of Psychotria, being about 4 in. long when dry.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

27. PSYCHOTRIA WRAYI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence; young branches as thick as a swan'squill, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolateelliptic, shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed from about the middle to the short, partially winged petiole; both surfaces dark olivaceousbrown when dry, the midrib rather prominent; main-nerves 13 to 15 pairs, oblique, almost straight, thin but pale and rather distinct on the lower surface, indistinct on the upper; length 6 or 7 in.; breadth 2 to 2.5 in.; petiole about 5 in., winged above. Stipules broadly ovate, sub-acute, the edges coarsely ciliate, 5 in. long. Cymes terminal, on short peduncles, bracteate at the base, umbelliform, widely spreading, about 4 in. broad and only half as long; the branches 4-angled, subcompressed, pubescent, divergent. Flowers crowded at the extremities of the branchlets, 25 in. long, on short thick pedicels. Calyx deeply

cupular, with 5 broad, shallow blunt teeth. Corolla much longer than the calyx, widely tubular; lobes 5, blunt, broadly ovate, reflexed, the throat with a little short hair. Anthers 5, narrowly elliptic, blunt, on short filaments, almost basifixed, exserted by the reflexion of the lobes. of the corolla. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Wray 3959; King's Collector 2755.

28. PSYCHOTRIA INÆQUALIS, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small unbranched shrub; the stem thinner than a goose-quill, deciduously puberulous, only a foot high, brown when dry. Leaves thickly membranous, those of a pair somewhat unequal in size, elongate-obovate, the smaller one oblong-elliptic, all abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface glabrous, minutely pitted when dry; the lower with many coarse pale-brown, crisped, flattened hairs on the midrib and nerves, and a few pale appressed hairs on the interspaces; midrib broad and channelled on both surfaces, as are also the 10 to 13 pairs of pale ascending, slightly curved main-nerves; length 6 to 10 in.; breadth 2.5 to 5 in.; petiole 5 to 75 in., stout. Stipules narrowly ovate, acuminate, pubescent, 65 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, 2 to 3.5 in. long (including the 1 to 2 in. peduncle), pyramidal, everywhere rusty-puberulous, the branches opposite, many-flowered, and with broad abruptly acuminate bracts; the lowest pair exceeding 1 in. in length, reflexed; branchlets divaricate. Flowers 1 in. long, on short stout pedicels. Calyx small, tubular; its lobes broadly triangular. Corolla not much longer than the calyx, its lobes linear with moniliform bluish hairs at their bases and on the throat. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Scortechini 279.

A small

29. PSYCHOTRIA CONDENSA, n. sp., King & Gamble. woody shrub; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, the nodes close together and slightly thickened, the internodes striate, at first scurfy-puberulous but afterwards glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface when dry very dark brown, the lower paler and tinged with olivaceous, the midrib prominent and pale; the 5 or 6 pairs of oblique main-nerves visible beneath but not above; length 1 to 1.25 in.; breadth 3 to 5 in.; petiole 05 in. Stipules broadly triangular, acuminate, nearly 1 in. long. Umbel cymose, 3-branched, terminal, shorter than the leaves; each branch with 3 unequally pedicillate flowers. Flowers not seen. Fruit globular-ovoid, with 2 prominent furrowed vertical ridges and several obscure ones between them, crowned by the 5-toothed calyx; length 2 in.; breadth 15 in. Seeds with one prominent dorsal ridge, ventral surface flat.

PERAK: Scortechini.

Herbaceous (as regards the Indo-Malayan species). Leaves opposite, exstipulate, their bases often connected by an interpetiolar line or ridge; entire, pinnatifid or pinnate. Flowers sessile, in cymes, usually hermaphrodite but sometimes polygamous or dioecious, bracteate. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb in the flower small, in the fruit often enlarged or pappose. Corolla superior, gamopetalous, its tube cylindric or gibbous or spurred at the base; the limb with 3 to 5 imbricate lobes, often irregular. Stamens 1 to 4, on the tube, usually exserted. Ovary inferior with a single perfect, 1-ovuled cell, and 2 barren empty cells; style filiform; stigma 2- or 3-lobed or entire ; ovule in the fertile cell pendulous from the apex of the loculus. Fruit indehiscent, dry, 1-seeded, the 2 barren cells enlarged or represented by narrow ridges. Seed pendulous, with very little or no albumen; embryo straight, radicle superior.-DISTRIB. About 350 species, in temperate climates; generally diffused, but absent from Australia and South Africa.

VALERIANA, Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves entire, pinnatifid or pinnate, the radical often undivided and with long petioles. Flowers in cymes, corymbosely paniculate; bracts small, oblong or linear, free or nearly so, persistent. Calyx-limb in flower obsolete, in fruit developing into a ring of from 5 to 15 feathery bristles, united at their bases into a short funnel-shaped tube. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, its base often sub-gibbous; limb with 5 spreading lobes, both tube and limb pink or white. Stamens 3. Ovary 3-celled, only 1 cell containing 1 ovule; stigma sub-entire or shortly 3-fid. Fruit oblong, plano-convex, with 6 ribs, 1-celled; the 2 barren cells obsolete, crowned by the persistent pappose calyx. -DISTRIB. About 180 species in moist temperate regions.

VALERIANA HARDWICKII, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. I. 166. Root fibrous. Stem erect, 1 to 3 feet high, pubescent below, mostly glabrous upwards but pilose or barbate at the nodes. Radical leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles; stem leaves unequally pinnatifid, the segments 3 to 5, the upper the longest, all lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate and irregularly toothed. Panicles lax, often as much as a foot long, the branches dichotomous, with small subulate bracteoles at the forks; fruit hairy. Wall. Cat. 432, Pl. As. Rar. 39, t. 263; Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 159; DC. Prod. IV. 640; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 213. V. Hardwickiana, Roem. & Schult., Syst. I., Mant. 259. V. tenera, Wall. Cat. 435; DC. Mem. Valer. 16; Prod. IV. 640.