ellipsoid or sub-obovoid, faintly striate; pappus none.-DISTRIB. About 240 species in the north temperate regions mostly of the Old World.

ARTEMISIA VULGARIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 848. A small shrub; stems as thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry, sub-glaucous and with sparse white pubescence. Leaves membranous, varying much in shape and size, those near the base several inches long, large pinnatipartite or bi-pinnatipartite, the pinnules oblong, the ultimate lobes entire with sub-aristate apices, leaves of the stem diminishing in size upwards, laciniate, and passing near the apex into simple linear bracts less than 5 in. long; all glabrous on the upper surface and white adpressedpubescent on the lower. Heads about 15 in. long, cylindric or narrowly campanulate, sessile, solitary or in small clusters, in axillary sub-secund spikes of varying length, the upper part of the stem forming a long spike. Involucral bracts only 5 or 6, broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate, the inner scarious. Corollas glabrous. DC. Prod. V. 112; Boiss. Fl. Orient. III. 371; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 420; Clarke Comp. Ind. 161; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 325. A. indica, Willd.; DC. 1.c. 114; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 419; Wight Ic. 1112; Wall. Cat. 3293. A. dubia, Wall. Cat. 3307; DC. 1.c. 110. A. myriantha, Wall. Cat. 3297; DC. 1.c. 112. A. paniculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 418. A. leptostachya, DC. 1.c. 113. A. grata, Wall. Cat. 3294 (in part); DC. 1.c. 114. A. lavandulæfolia, DC. 1.c. 110.

In all the provinces, near cultivation, not common and probably introduced.-DISTRIB. Europe, Northern Asia, India, mountains of the Malayan Archipelago.

23. CREPIS, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, hairs all simple. Leaves alternate, radical or cauline, the latter often stem-clasping, entire toothed or pinnatifid. Heads pedunculate, solitary, fasciculate or corymbose, yellow or red, homogamous, ligulate. Involucre cylindric or campanulate; bracts either multi-seriate and regularly imbricate, or the outer smaller and shorter than the single series of inner; base of midrib often thickened after flowering; receptacle flat, rarely concave, naked or shortly fimbrillate. Corollas ligulate, with broad 5-toothed apices. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sagittate, the auricles acute or shortly setaceous. Cypselas more or less fusiform or oblong, rarely short and cylindric, often slender, glabrous or scaberulous, 10- to 20-ribbed, the apex narrowed or beaked; pappus usually copious, short or long, the hairs simple, soft, usually silvery, rarely brownish and stiff or brittle.-DISTRIB. Species about 10, chiefly in the northern regions of the Old World.

CREPIS JAPONICA, Benth. Fl. Hongk., 194. Annual; glabrous or puberulous; stems one or more from the same root, 6 to 18 in. high. Radical leaves oblanceolate, runcinate-pinnatifid or sinuately toothed, 1 to 2.5 in. long, usually on petioles 5 to 1.5 in. long; cauline leaves few, much smaller and often sessile. Heads 2 in. long and 3 in. in diam. when expanded, on short, slender pedicels with linear minute bracteoles at their bases, collected at the apices of the long, slender stems in compact or lax corymbose cymes. Involucres shorter than the florets, their bracts in two rows, the outer very short; the inner 6 or 7, narrowly oblong, blunt, with narrow hyaline margins and dark, thickened midribs. Cypselas 1 in. long, contracted below the apex, but not beaked, compressed, with many smooth or puberulous ribs, equal to or shorter than the soft, white pappus. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 395; Prain Bengal Plants, 627. C. lyrata, Clarke Comp. Ind. 253. Youngia lyrata, Cass.; Thw. Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 168. Youngia Thunbergiana, runcinata, napifolia, Poosia, ambigua, fastigiata and striata, DC. Prod. VII. 192, 193. Y. napifolia, Wight Ic. 1147. Lactuca napifolia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 27. Chondrilla runcinata, Wall. Cat. 3272. Prenanthes Poosia and napifolia, Wall. Cat. 3265, 3277. P. japonica, Linn. Mant. 107. P. striata, Blume Bijdr. 885.

In all the provinces, near or in cultivated ground.

Order LXII. STYLIDIEE.

Herbaceous plants, rarely undershrubs. Leaves radical or scattered or fasciculate on the stem, more or less subverticillate, entire, often small and narrow, no stipules. Flowers in terminal racemes or thyrsoid or corymbose panicles, irregular, perfect, pedicels bracteate. Calyxtube adnate to the ovary; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 3-, lower 2-flowered. Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed, 4 lobes spreading, the fifth (lip) smaller, irregular, the lobes imbricate. Stamens 2, parallel, inserted on a glandular disk surmounting the ovary; filaments connate with the style into a column; anthers sessile on the column, the cells subconfluent. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; style entire or divided into two stigmas; ovules many in each cell, on axile placentas on the middle of the dissepiment, anatropous. Fruit a 2-celled capsule, sometimes 1-celled by the suppression of the septum, the valves cohering at the base. Seeds minute, numerous, sub-globose; albumen fleshy; testa thin; embryo minute, next the hilum.-DISTRIB. Species about 100, Australian, with a few in tropical Asia, New Zealand, and Antarctic America.

STYLIDIUM, Sw.

Herbs, with the habit leaves and inflorescence of the Order. Calyx-lobes 5, bilabiate. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes sub-erect in pairs, the fifth smaller, recurved. Stamens in an elongate column, often recurved or reflexed, especially when irritated. Ovary 2-celled, stigma entire.-DISTRIB. 85 Australian species and 3 Indian or Malayan.

STYLIDIUM TENELLUM, Swartz in Gesellsch. Nat. Berl. Mag. 1807, 51. t. 2, fig. 3, not of Br. A small erect herb; stem simple, leafy, glabrous, 4 to 8 in. high, dichotomous, compressed. Leaves scattered, alternate, oblong or oblong-obovate, lower ones broader 2 to 3 in. long, upper ones narrower, getting gradually smaller upwards and passing gradually into bracts; nerves of lower leaves 3, from the base. Flowers sessile, 2 to 5, alternate; bracts minute, linear. Calyx bilabiate, upper 3-, lower 2-lobed, lobes linear. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes erect linear, the fifth recurved, spathulate. Staminal column exsert, stamens 2, anthers 2-celled, connivent. Ovary inferior, elongate, 2-celled, manyseeded, stigma entire. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 5 to 7 in. long; seeds minute, papillose. DC. Prod. VII. 336; Hook. fil. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 8; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 571; Kurz in Flora, 1872, 304. S. roseum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. ii. 137, XLVI. ii. 212; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 420.

PENANG Ridley 7103. PROVINCE WELLESLEY, at Butterworth: G. King. MALACCA: Swartz.-DISTRIB. Eastern Bengal and Burma, in Dacca, Chittagong and Mergui.

S. uliginosum, Swartz, is recorded in Fl. Br. Ind. as from "MALACCA fide H. f. and T."; as we have seen no specimens, we consider it sufficient to record the fact. In Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. it is S. Kunthii, Wall., that is recorded from Malacca, and it likely that this is right as Griffith obtained it at Mergui.

seems more

Order LXIII. GOODENOVIEÆ.

Shrubs, undershrubs, but chiefly herbs, juice not milky. Leaves alternate or radical, rarely opposite, entire dentate or occasionally pinnatifid; stipules none. Flowers hermaphrodite, axillary or in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, regular or irregular, bracts and bracteoles occasionally present. Calyx with the tube adnate to the ovary or free; lobes 5, sometimes very small, sometimes connate in a ring or obsolete. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted on the calyx, usually white, yellow or blue, rarely red; lobes 5, valvate, usually induplicatewinged. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the

disk crowning the ovary; free or connate in a ring around the style; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and introrsely. Ovary 1-2-celled; style simple with a cup-shaped sheath including the stigma; ovules 1 or many in each cell, erect or ascending, rarely pendulous, inserted on the dissepiment or central. Fruit an indehiscent drupe or a capsule with 2 or 4 valves usually dehiscing irregularly. Seeds albuminous; testa thin crustaceous or thick and hard; embryo erect in the axis of the fleshy albumen, the radicle inferior.-DISTRIB. Over 200 species, mostly Australian, a few in New Zealand, Antarctic America, the Pacific Islands, or on the coasts of tropical Asia, Africa, and the West Indies.

1. SCEVOLA, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in dichotomously branched cymes, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx with the tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate, ovoid or globose; limb short, annular or 5-lobed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla oblique, split to the base behind, lobes sub-equal or the two uppermost shorter, at length digitately patent. Stamens free. Ovary 2-celled, with solitary erect ovules in each cell, or 1-celled with 1-2 erect ovules; sheath cupular; stigma truncate or divaricately 2-lobed. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, exocarp thin or fleshy, endocarp hard and woody rarely crustaceous. Seeds solitary; embryo smooth, cotyledons sometimes broader than the inferior radicle.DISTRIB. About 60 species, 2 Asiatic, 8-10 of the Pacific Islands and the coasts of Asia, 1 extending to the coasts of Africa and the West Indies, the rest Australian.

SCEVOLA KOENIGII, Vahl Symb. III. 36 (1794). An evergreen large glabrous shrub with stout stem and branches, soft spongy pith and coarse fibrous wood. Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-oblong, obtuse at apex, decurrent at base, 3 to 6 in. long, about 2 in. broad, entire or obscurely crenate, more or less fleshy when green, membranous when dry, silky pubescent on both sides or somewhat glabrous on the upper surface, tufted hairy in the axils; midrib stout, prominent, broad, main-nerves 10-12 pair, slender, arching upwards and joining near the margin, secondary nerves few slender, reticulations many, indistinct. Flowers white, in axillary few-flowered dichotomous pubescent cymes shorter than the leaves; bracts small, subulate, about .1 in. long; common peduncle 5 to 6 in. long; pedicels 1 to 2 in. long; bracteoles 2, similar to the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 2 in. long, densely villous; lobes 2 to 3 in. long, linear-lanceolate or spathulate, ciliate, pubescent, enlarged in fruit. Corolla-tube ·7 to 8 in.

long, narrow, pubescent without, villous within; lobes valvately induplicate-winged, 25 to 4 in. long, lanceolate, prominently veined, villoushairy within. Stamens erect, free, inserted around the ovary-sheath, 75 in. long; filaments thin, anthers ovate, introrse, cells parallel, connective produced above with short divergent lobes. Ovary 2-celled, crowned with the oblong bifid stigma which is surrounded by a longfringed sheath; ovules 1 in each cell, erect. Fruit a 2-celled ovateglobose succulent drupe, 3 to 5 in. in diam., depressed above, ribbed, endocarp bony. Lamk. Ill. t. 124, fig. 2; DC. Prod. VII. 505; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 8; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 2732; Blume Bijdr. 730; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 580; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 212, For. Fl. II. 84; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 421; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 54; Cooke Bomb. Flora, II. 69; Benth. Fl. Austr. IV. 86. S. sericea, Forst.; DC. 1.c. 506; Blume Bijdr. 750; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 581. S. Taccada, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15, Fl. Ind. I. 527; DC. 1.c. 505; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 134; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; Wall. Cat. 1314; Wight Ill. t. 137. S. Lobelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; De Vriese Goodenov. 20-26 and in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 20, not of Linn. S. Plumieri, Blume Bijdr. 730, not of Vahl. S. montana, Lab. Sert. Austr.-Caled. 41, t. 42; DC. 1.c. 506. S. velutina, Presl in Rel. Haenck. II. 57; DC. 1.c. 506. S. Bela-Modagam, Rom. and Sch. Syst. V. 163; DC. 1.c. 505. S. Leschenaultii, DC. 1.c. 506. S. macrocalyx, De Vriese Gooden. 26, tab. 3, figs. 1-4. S. chlorantha and S. Lambertiana, De Vriese, 1.c. 27, 28. S. lativaga, Hance in Walp. Ann. II. 1054. Lobelia frutescens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 148. L. Taccada, Gærtn. Fruct. I. 119, tab. 25, fig. 5. L. Plumieri, Burm. Fl. Ind. 186, not of Linn. Cerbera Salutaris, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 136. Buglossum litoreum, Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 116, t. 54. "Béla-Modagam," Rheede Hort. Mal. IV. t. 59.

PENANG: Wallich 1314. MALACCA: Griffith. JOHORE: Jensen. SINGAPORE: Sir R. Schomburgk 82; G. King; G. Thomson.-DISTRIB. Sea-shores of India from Sind to Ceylon; Burma; Malay Islands and eastwards to Australia and Polynesia.

Order LXIV. CAMPANULACEE,

Herbs, undershrubs, rarely shrubs; erect or climbing; often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire toothed or rarely lobed, no stipules. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; flowers in Sphenoclea). Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb few- or manysolitary, racemose or paniculate; bracts small; bracteoles none (present