 | National Science Foundation (U.S.) - 1972 - عدد الصفحات: 96
...1967). 1 6Edwin Mansfield, "Comment" in The Theory and Empirical Analysis of Production, ibid. 1 7See Kenneth J. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, op. cit.: and Richard R. Nelson, "The Simple Economics of... | |
 | Paul A. David - 1975 - عدد الصفحات: 350
...plainly there for all to see. On the problem of externalities in this connexion, cf. the seminal paper by Kenneth J. Arrow, 'Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention,' in The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, op. cit. these lines between macro-scarcity relationships... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance - 1985 - عدد الصفحات: 282
...represents a rather modest contribution towards that goal. At a minimum, it should be renewed. FOOTNOTES 1. Kenneth J. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in National Bureau of Economic Research, The Rate and Direction of Incentive Activity (Princeton: Princeton... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance - 1985 - عدد الصفحات: 478
...represents a rather modest contribution towards that goal. At a minimum, it should be renewed. FOOTNOTES 1. Kenneth J. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in National Bureau of Economic Research, The Rate and Direction of Incentive Activity (Princeton: Princeton... | |
 | United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means - 1988 - عدد الصفحات: 1208
...not represent those of the Brookings Institution, its officers, trustees, or other staff members. 2 Kenneth J. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in National Bureau of Economic Research, The Rate and Direction of Incentive Activity (Princeton: Princeton... | |
 | United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee - 1988 - عدد الصفحات: 1228
...One such difficulty involves the issue of moral hazard, first raised in Arrow's classic 1962 article. Kenneth J. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in National Bureau of Economic Research, The Rale and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and... | |
 | Robert W. Crandall, Kenneth Flamm - 2001 - عدد الصفحات: 444
...arguments are explored in somewhat different terms in Shepherd, "Competitive Margin in Communications." 47. See Kenneth J. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in National Bureau of Economic Research, Special Conference Series, The Rate and Direction of Inventive... | |
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The most important reason for such underemphasis on basic research is the difficulty the private competitive firm has in latching onto property rights in the results of R and D. Patents provide partial and undependable protection in most areas. The obstacles... 
