RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR DEFENSE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1961 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS, Washington, D.C. The committee met at 10 a.m., Hon. Overton Brooks (chairman) presiding. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order. Members of the committee, the hearings on scientific and astronautical research of the Department of Defense will now resume in the second day. We heard yesterday from Dr. York and others of the Office of Secretary of Defense. We are now turning to the individual services which we are taking in their traditional order; that is, Army, Navy, and Air Force. Today is the Army's day. We have with us the top administrative civilian concerned with the Army R. & D. program. We are also privileged to have the top general officer concerned with these matters. I refer to Hon. Richard S. Morse, Director of Research and Development of the Army, and Lt. Gen. Arthur G. Trudeau, Chief of Research and Development of the Army. We are glad to have both of you gentlemen, and your supporting staff with us today. We can always count on the Army to give a good fighting statement. I trust this morning will be no exception. May I suggest this, before we start, that we place in the record the names of your supporting staff which you wish to have in the record. Mr. Secretary, if you care to take that responsibility, as far as the civilian staff is concerned? We would like to have the names in the hands of the reporter, and then General Trudeau may follow up with his official uniformed supporting staff. Mr. MORSE. Mr. Chairman, incidentally, I am not a Secretary. [NOTE.-Mr. Morse was elevated to the position of Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Development between the time of the hearings and the printing of this record.] The principal civilian we have here is Dr. R. A. Weiss, who is General Trudeau's principal scientist. I think that covers the principal support we have here. I am sure General Trudeau will cover the military support that he has. We work very closely in all these matters. General TRUDEAU. I have here representing the Army, Lt. Col. D. E. Simon, Maj. P. W. Powers, and Maj. C. J. LeVan. They are all from the Directorate of Special Weapons in my office. The CHAIRMAN. There is one thing I want to take up before the testimony starts. I have here a tentative schedule for the committee through February and March. It runs until April 4. Outside of 2 days, which are the days after the 22d, the 23d, and 24th, when I 41 thought our committee shouldn't try to operate, the 2 days following Washington's Birthday, outside of that we have a schedule running straight on through which is subject to review by any member of this committee. On the 23d and 24th, one of our subcommittee chairmen, Mr. Anfuso, asked if he could operate his subcommittee on those 2 days. Since the full committee has no plans to be in session on the 23d and 24th, we make the exception with Mr. Anfuso regarding the subcommittees. I don't think, frankly, that a subcommittee should attempt to operate during the course of these hearings with the full committee sitting. We have enough trouble getting the members of our full committee present. If you try to sandwich in subcommittee meetings at the same time, both the full committee and subcommittee will suffer from lack of attendance. Until these committee hearings are completed I think there should be no subcommittee meetings. Mr. TEAGUE. General Trudeau has another gentleman back there, Col. Roy Porter, with whom I walked across most of France, and we shared a few potholes. General TRUDEAU. Colonel Porter is Director of Programs and Management, which is a very major activity in the Chief of Research and Development Office. The CHAIRMAN. We are very happy to have him and the rest of your staff, General Trudeau, and Mr. Morse, here with us this morning. Mr. MORSE. I also have my executive here, and my junior executive, Col. O. Glenn Goodhand, and Lt. Col. Stanley Y. Kennedy, in support of my particular office. The CHAIRMAN. You also have a prepared statement? Mr. MORSE. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. I am going to suggest that we have the prepared statement of Mr. Morse, and also the prepared statement of General Trudeau. Following that, we will open the committee to questions. Sir, if you will proceed with your statement we will appreciate it. First we will include into the record the biographical sketch of Mr. Morse. (The biographical sketch referred to is as follows:) MR. RICHARD S. MORSE, DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, Mr. Richard S. Morse, following his resignation as president, National Research Corp., Cambridge, Mass., became Director of Research and Development for the Department of the Army on June 1, 1959. As Director of Research and Development, Mr. Morse has been responsible for supervision of all Army research and development activities with the authority and responsibility of an Assistant Secretary. Mr. Morse was born on August 19, 1911, in Abington, Mass., and received a bachelor of science degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1933. Following graduate work in physics at the Technische Hochschule, Munich, Germany, he spent 5 years in research work at Eastman Kodak Co. in Rochester, N.Y. In 1940, Mr. Morse organized National Research Corp. and served as its president until his resignation in 1959. Mr. Morse is generally recognized as one of the early pioneers in the field of high vacuum technology and, as a technical executive, experienced in the organization and management of business ventures resulting from research and development. He has, at one time, served as president of Columbia National Corp., NRC Equipment Corp., Minute Maid Corp., Vaculite Corp., and Vacuum Metals Corp., as well as a director of New Enterprises, Inc., and Escambia Chemical Corp. Mr. Morse also has for many years been associated with the national defense effort. In addition to having acted as civilian adviser to the Atomic Energy Commission and the Office, Secretary of Defense, he has served on the following committees: the Army Ordnance Research and Development Advisory Committee, the Technical Advisory Panel of the Department of Defense on Chemical and Biological Warfare, and the Defense Science Board. Mr. Morse was Chairman of the Army Scientific Advisory Panel from October 1957 until May 1959. He holds honorary degrees of doctor of engineering and doctor of science, and in 1961 received the Distinguished Civilian Service Award. Organization memberships include the American Chemical Society and the Institute of Astronautical Sciences. Club memberships are St. Botolph (Boston), Army-Navy Club, and the Quissett Yacht Club. Mrs. Morse is the former Marion E. Baitz, of Rochester, N.Y. They have two sons: Richard S. Morse, Jr., who attends Princeton University, and Kenneth P. Morse, who is a student at St. Albans, Washington, D.C. Office address: Room 3E390, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. STATEMENT OF RICHARD S. MORSE, DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Mr. MORSE. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am Richard S. Morse, Director of Research and Development, Department of the Army. I shall discuss briefly the Army's research and development activities with emphasis on the Army's role in national and Department of Defense programs, integration of scientific and technological efforts within the Department of Defense, and finally a word on recent significant developments and fundamental problems which I believe now face our Nation in its efforts to exploit space. The deepening Communist threat as well as the ultimate industrial potential resulting from their intensified research effort over the past 20 years has steadily intensified our national defense requirements, necessitating the closest possible integration of effort among the Armed Forces, the scientific community, and our industrial partners. The vital goal of research and development is to produce new weapons systems and materiel able to assure a dynamic, vigorous reaction to aggression in any form. The Army's research and development program is based upon its assigned combat functions, its assigned role in air defense and space activities, and the necessary supporting functions, such as worldwide logistics. In addition to the research and development problems caused by changes in technology, strategy, tactics, and national policy, that are associated with the concept of retaliation, we also have the problem of limited war. Here we find ourselves at a particular disadvantage because of geography and the manner in which the Communist world periodically induces minor eruptions-first on one side of the globe and then on the other; more recently, of course, in the Congo. While we must continue every effort in preparation for massive conflict, we must, in addition, be prepared for limited war activity at any time, at any place throughout the world; limited wars which may be either nuclear or nonnuclear. The research and development program of the Army is oriented in this direction on the theory that we must greatly increase mobility, firepower, and communications to make certain that as minor conflicts develop they may be met with firmness before the prospect of major aggression fully develops. Our broad objective in Army research and development is to provide, on a continuing basis and as far as budgetary limitations permit, the most effective weapons systems and materiel for the Army, the other services as required, and for our allies. We are acutely aware that we cannot accomplish this goal alone-that in order to achieve our objectives, we must not only maintain but also try to increase and improve our planning and coordination with industry, with educational and scientific institutions and with our sister services. With respect to the last, I consider that significant progress is being made. All three services now give R. & D. a place of prominence in both planning and budget consideration. Within the past year in particular the three service Secretaries charged with research and development responsibility have developed a working team unprecedented in Pentagon history. Working together and in concert with the Director of Defense Research and Engineering in the Department of Defense, Dr. York, the Assistant Secretaries for Research and Development in the Navy and Air Force and I are in essentially constant communication. We have met together at least one day a week almost without exception. We believe this is good-it helps us to do a better job and is one way in which effective utilization of the respective talents of our three services can be appropriately welded together, duplication minimized and cooperative ventures promoted. With our three military counterparts and again, the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, we constitute the Research and Engineering Policy Council for the Defense Department. As concrete examples of the fruits of this close coordination, I cite the joint BW-CW program, bacteriological and chemical warfare effort, a field in which I have been personally interested for some 10 or 12 years, the joint medical research and development program, and the triservice program for a V/STOL aircraft, i.e., an aircraft capable of vertical and short-run landings and takeoffs. With regard to the triservice V/STOL program, it was felt that the individual services had spent enough time in preliminary efforts to build an operational V/STOL machine. Many research aircraft had been developed in the past, but none were suitable for operational employment. They were valuable as research vehicles, but did not have direct military potential. The time had come to build an aircraft of operational size and to operate it under field conditions to explore thoroughly the problems and potentialities of such a capability. At this time, the U.S. Navy Bureau of Weapons has completed specifications which we hope will answer the questions of all three services, through a single development. I consider this a good example of the three services acting in concert under the leadship of the Department of Defense. The Army's research effort encompasses two broad areas: One is basic research; the other is applied research. Basic research provides us with new knowledge or new science; the end product of applied research is the prototype or model which eventually becomes a new weapon or a new piece of equipment. The extent of our basic research effort today is measured in terms of something between $25 and $50 million. I say that because of the semantics involved in describing basic research is not always clear, neither is the accounting system in the Pentagon. It is in that order of magnitude. This work is underway at approximately 26 Army locations, by 29 other Government agencies, and in over 550 American laboratories and universities. Basic research is crucial. It is the chief determinant of how the weapon art will progress in coming decades. The Army will continue to stress this type of work; it is the key to future development to victory in peace and war. Breakthroughs in research today will perhaps do more toward reshaping favorably the world's balance of power tomorrow than any other field of single accomplishments. The potential industrial applications of our gigantic Government industry- and university-sponsored research effort constitute a great national asset. It is an acknowledged policy of the U.S.S.R. to tie their future world position, both military and commercial, to technology and their ability to exploit science. Although less clearly stated this is and must be our policy as well and it is incumbent on all of us to make certain that we have the appropriate environment, planning and management-and I stress planning and management— at the higher levels of Government to most effectively use our technological might for both defense and peace in the highly competitive world ahead. Turning now to the role of the Army in space. In addition to our purely scientific space efforts-space is, and must continue to be a useful tool of the national and free world defense effort. Space, however, is a medium just as is the Earth's surface, the ocean, or the air-which can be used to accomplish the mission of a particular service. The Army has a definite interest in space technology especially in the field of communications, geodesy, and meteorology, and has real and justifiable programs in all these areas. I am the Army member-at-large of the Aeronautics and Astronautics Coordinating Board, which was a Board established to coordinate activities between the Department of Defense and NASA. I will now turn briefly to the general areas of Army interest in our applied research and development effort in the classic fields of military endeavor-communications, mobility and firepower. For a time our progress in firepower completely outstripped communications and mobility. But that picture is changing, particularly in the field of communications. Advances here have enabled the Army to increase its command and control capabilities to the degree now required by mobility and dispersion. Included in this area also are the surveillance drones that will penetrate enemy lines to send or bring back information of the enemy. Here a wide variety of sensors-radar, automatic camera, and infrared, seismic devices are being studied and adapted for drone use. In the area of mobility the Army has great need for progress. On the ground we look to the Goer-type of equipment used in commercial earth-moving and heavy construction work where large wheels and tires give true off-road mobility. Other combat vehicles are also under development. Now, paradoxically, for better ground or battlefield mobility, we are concentrating on the air. We find we must look to the air to attain the revolutionary improvement we require in mobility for ground forces. We are working to develop aircraft that will fly close to the 66947-61 |