under the forehead, in which position all fluids will more readily escape by the mouth, and the tongue itself will fall forward, leaving the entrance into the windpipe free. Assist this operation by wiping and cleansing the mouth.

If satisfactory breathing commences, use the treatment described below to promote Warmth. If there be only slight breathing-or no breathing-or if the breathing fail, then

To Excite Breathing-Turn the patient well and instantly on the side, supporting the head, and

Excite the nostrils with snuff, hartshorn, and smelling salts, or tickle the throat with a feather, &c., if they are at hand. Rub the chest and face warm, and dash cold water, or cold and hot water alternately on them. If there be no success, lose not a moment, but instantly

To Imitate Breathing-Replace the patient on the face, raising and supporting the chest well on a folded coat or other article of dress.

Turn the body very gently on the side and a little beyond, and then briskly on the face, and back again, repeating these measures cautiously, efficiently, and

perseveringly, about fifteen times in the minute, or once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side.

[By placing the patient on the chest, the weight of the body forces the air out; when turned on the side, this pressure is removed, and air enters the chest.]

[The foregoing two Illustrations shew the position of the Body during the employment of Dr. Marshall Hall's Method of Inducing Respiration.]

On each occasion that the body is replaced on the face, make uniform but efficient pressure with brisk movement on the back between and below the shoulderblades or bones on each side, removing the pressure immediately before turning the body on the side.

During the whole of the operations let one person attend solely to the movements of the head and of the arm placed under it.

[The first measure increases the expiration-the second commences inspiration.]

*

**The Result is Respiration or Natural Breathing;and, if not too late, Life.

Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and feet, and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the body, and cover or gradually re-clothe it, but taking care not to interfere with the efforts to restore breathing.

III.

Should these efforts not prove successful in the course of from two to five minutes, proceed to imitate breathing by Dr. Silvester's method, as follows:

Place the patient on the back on a flat surface, inclined a little upwards from the feet; raise and support the head and shoulders on a small firm cushion or folded article of dress placed under the shoulder-blades.

Draw forward the patient's tongue, and keep it projecting beyond the lips: an elastie band over the tongue and under the chin will answer this purpose, or a piece of string or tape may be tied round them, or by raising 1.-Inspiration.

the lower jaw, the teeth may be made to retain the tongue in that position.

To Imitate the Movements of Breathing.-Standing at the patient's head, grasp the arms just above the elbows, and draw the arms gently and steadily upwards above the head, and keep them stretched upwards for two seconds. (By this means air is drawn into the lungs). Then turn down the patient's arms, and press them gently and firmly for two seconds against the sides of the chest. (By this means air is pressed out of the lungs.)

Repeat these measures alternately, deliberately, and perseveringly, about fifteen times in a minute, until a 2.-Expiration.

[The foregoing two illustrations shew the position of the body during the employment of Dr. Silvester's Method of inducing Respiration.]

spontaneous effort to perspire is perceived, immediately upon which cease to imitate the movements of breathing, and proceed to INDUCE CIRCULATION AND WARMTH.

IV.

TREATMENT AFTER NATURAL BREATHING HAS BEEN
RESTORED.

TO PROMOTE WARMTH AND CIRCULATION.-Commence rubbing the limbs upwards, with firm grasping pressure and energy, using handkerchiefs, flannels, &c. By this measure the blood is propelled along the veins towards the heart. The friction must be continued under the blanket or over the dry clothing.

Promote the warmth of the body by the application of hot flannels, bottles, or bladders of hot water, heated bricks, &c., to the pit of the stomach, the arm-pits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet.

If the patient has been carried to a house after respiration has been restored, be careful to let the air play freely about the room.

On the restoration of life, a teaspoonful of warm

water should be given; and then, if the power of swallowing has returned, small quantities of wine, warm brandy and water, or coffee should be administered. The patient should be kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep encouraged.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

The above treatment should be persevered in for some hours, as it is an erroneous opinion that persons are irrecoverable because life does not soon make its appearance, persons having been restored after persevering for many hours.

APPEARANCES WHICH GENERALLY ACCOMPANY DEATH,

Breathing and the heart's action cease entirely; the eyelids are generally half closed; the pupils dilated; the tongue approaches to the under edges of the lips, and these, as well as the nostrils, are covered with a frothy mucus.. Coldness and pallor of the surface CAUTIONS.

increase.

Prevent unnecessary crowding of persons round the body, especially if in an apartment.

Avoid rough usage, and do not allow the body to remain on the back unless the tongue is secured.

Under no circumstances hold the body up by the feet. On no account place the body in a warm bath unless under medical direction, and even then it should only be employed as a momentary excitant.

SUGGESTIONS IN CASES OF FIRE.

DIRECTIONS TO INMATES.

THE inmates of a house in time of safety should make themselves acquainted with the best means of escape, whether the fire breaks out at the top or bottom. On the first alarm of fire they should reflect calmly what