ing plant like the ivy, the leaves of which are chewed by the East Indians after meals. During a visit it is offered to friends, when they meet and when they separate. It bears a nut called areca (like a nutmeg), which is eaten both in its ripe and unripe state.

Bamboo-a kind of reed, grown in the East Indies and other warm

climates, sometimes to the height of 60 feet, having a round jointed stock, which, at 10 or 12 feet from the ground, sends out branches. Cottages are almost wholly made of it; and also bridges, boats, baskets, mats, paper, masts, water pipes, &c.

Justa (Latin,justum,right)—rights; deserts; what is merited.

Julius Cæsar-a successful Roman general, who obtained supreme power owing to his conquests, and would have been made emperor, had not some patriots formed a conspiracy and stabbed him in the Senate House. The battle of Pharsalia (a plain in Macedonia) was fought between him and Pompey (the successful general of another large Roman army), who was his rival. Decamped-broke up the camp, and removed to another place. Struck-tents are said to be struck when they are taken down and folded up ready for removal. Entrenchments-properly the trenches or ditches only; but, as the earth thrown out of a trench forms a bank which is a useful part of a fortification, it generally includes ditches and banks, and sometimes artificial barricades erected on the top of the banks, placed round an army encamped in the field, to serve as a defence. Javelin (Latin, jacio, to throw)—a spear 5 feet long, with a point of steel, intended to be thrown as a dart, used both by cavalry and infantry.

Cohort (Latin, cohors, a band)—a body of infantry composed of

500 to 600 men. Ten cohorts made a legion.

Re-inforcement additional troops to increase the strength of an army, or to supply the place of those killed.

The

flank-the side of an army, or any division of an army. To attack an army upon the flank is to attack it upon the side.

The strangers-those allies of the Romans who were not Romans -i e., foreigners. Quarter-sparing the life of an enemy or captive when no longer able to defend himself. It takes its name from an agreement formerly made between the Dutch and Spanish, that the ransom of a soldier should be the quarter of his pay. Auxiliaries (Latin, auxilium, help) -allies, or additional troops to render assistance to the main body. Thracians

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the inhabitants of Thrace, a country in Greece, north of the Archipelago. Barbarians (Latin, barbarus, a foreigner) properly those who speak a different language; generally men in a rude, savage state. Here it means those who were not Romans.

the chief conspirators who murdered Julius Cæsar. Marc Antony-a Roman senator, who remained faithful to Julius Cæsar. Enrolled-inserted in a roll or re gister; recorded.

Capitol a strong tower or fortress on the summit of the Capitoline Hill at Rome, where the Senate met. Exterminated (Latin, ex, out of; termino, to make thin)-made smaller, diminished, lessened. The same dagger for myself

Brutus stabbed himself, when defeated at the battle of Philippi, in Macedonia. Statue a full length figure of himself, as a memorial of his service to the state. Cæsar-put for emperor. The first twelve emperors of Rome were all called Cæsars, and the name has been continued to the present day. The Emperor of Austria, having succeeded to the Roman crown, is still called Czar (a corruption of Cæsar). Honourable-a nobleman, or man of high distinction. The general coffers-the public treasury.

spirators.

I have o'ershot myself-gone too far; spoken too plainly. Nervii-a hardy race of Belgians, twice conquered in battle by Cæsar (B.c. 57 and 54), and almost entirely destroyed. Rent-a tear or hole. Casca-one of the conspirators. Angel-faithful adviser; confidential friend.

Burst his mighty heart-when Cæsar saw Brutus stab him, he gave up all hope, and reproached him for his ingratitude with the expression, "And thou, too, Brutus!"

All the while ran blood-it is said that the marble statue of Pompey miraculously shed blood from the places where Pompey was wounded, as a warning to Cesar of his own death, and a reproach for having caused Pompey's death.

Gracious (Latin, gratus, pleasing) -becoming favourable; acceptable.

Vesture-cloak or mantle. Orator (Latin, oro, to pray)-a public speaker, who pleads for himself or another.

Right on-straight forward.

Sumatra the largest of the Sunda

Islands, south of India. Paganism (Latin, pagus, a village) -heathenism; the worship of false gods and images. It is used of all persons who profess any religion not Christian, because Christianity was first taught and received in cities, while the inhabitants of country villages

remained heathen. Heathen signifies, for the same reason, an inhabitant of the heath or common, as Caffre means one who lives in a hut or cottage, and was first used by Mahommedans of those rural tribes of Africa who did not receive the Mahommedan religion. Fragmentary (Latin, frango, to

serter to bring into their city. This horse was filled with armed soldiers, who were let out at midnight by the Greek deserter; they set fire to the city, and opened the gates, when the Greek armies returned, and killed the inhabitants. Hector-the eldest son of Priam, the king of Troy, a most valiant man of gigantic power, who was killed by Achilles during the siege.

Ucalegon-put for the "House of Ucalegon."

Clangors-the blasts of trumpets. Last extremes-the last chances. Unequal combat- -a contest, in which one party is much stronger than the other. Imperial city-the chief city of an empire, or the residence of a king. Plaints-put for complaints. Grisly-pale, gray-haired, grim. Hews apace-cuts, or hacks with a hatchet, as fast as he can. Halls of audience-halls in which the king receives deputations. Hall of public state-the senate or parliament house. Where... in secret sat-a private apartment or boudoir of the queen. Matrons (Latin, mater, mother)— middle-aged women, mothers of families.

Inevitable (Latin, in, not; vito,

avoid) that cannot be avoided. Invests (Latin, investio, to clothe) -clothes, or puts on; envelops himself.

Uncovered but by heaven-out in the open air.

Doddered-overgrown with dodder -a kind of weed, almost without leaves, that climbs up other plants like withy-wind. Hecuba-the wife of Priam, queen of Troy, mother of Hector. Images--the statues of heathen gods.

Æneas-one of the Trojan heroes, who escaped from Troy, and is Isaid to have been the ancestor of the Romans. Creüsa-the wife of Eneas. Iülus-the son of Eneas, from whom the Julian family at Rome

came.

Anchises-the father of Eneas. Versed in omen-skilled in fore

telling the future from signs in the heavens, or other unnatural events.

Request preferred - offered up a prayer.

Presage (Latin, pre, before; sagio, to perceive)-a foreboding presentiment; something which foreshows a future event. Idæan grove-the wood on the mountains of Ida, behind Troy.

Exótic-a plant, shrub, or tree, not a native, but imported from some other country. Indígenous (Latin, indigena, a native)-produced naturally in a country; native. Tendrils (Latin, teneo, to hold)— spiral shoots of a plant which

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twist round another body for the purpose of support. They are only found in plants whose stem is too weak to keep them erect, as the vine, ivy, &c. Eradicated (Latin, e, out of; radix, root)-pulled out by the roots, and so entirely got rid of.

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chronicles.

Metropolis-capital, chief city.

Devices plans, contrivances, schemes.

Penury-poverty, scantiness, privation.

credited, admitted, considered.

reverse.