fulness. Auxiliaries-allies, friends, Undistinguished-confused, helpers. PAGE 39. mingled. Remit (Latin, re, back; mitto, Clamour-shout, din, noise. send)-give up, let off payment, Involved -wrapt, forgive. smothered. PAGE 40. enveloped, Whelps young, cubs, puppies, offspring. Extremes-extremities, chances. Plaints--complaints, cries, wail SCENE FROM "ROMEO AND JULIET"-(PAGE 47). QUESTIONS.-What is the good of digging land? How can garden plants be classed? What is the object of tillage? Give some general rules for gardening. When is artificial heat required? How is it applied? How are young plants planted out, and how treated afterwards? What plants will not bear deep digging between the rows? Why? Why are celery and sea kale covered up? Who is meant by "Queen Mab"? How does she ride about? Tell some of the dreams she puts into people's minds. GARDEN VEGETABLES (PAGE 49). Botanical characters- the class Condiments (Latin, condio, to sea- Leguminous plants which have Farína (Latin, farina, meal)— Ervum--an order of plants of the VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS-(PAGE 51). Théä-a genus of plants which include the species yielding tea, of which there are only three at the most, viz., green, Bohea and Assamica. The first is a large, hardy, evergreen plant, with light-green, wavy, broad leaves, from 3 to 5 inches long, found in China and Japan. Bohea is a smaller plant, and different in Pekoe, "white down;" or the time of gathering them, &c., as Hyson, "fair spring," Young Hyson (Yutseen), "before the rains," Congou, "labour." The growth of tea plants is principally confined to hilly tracts unsuitable for corn. Coffee the berry of a plant, called cofféä, a native of Caffa, in Arabia, but now cultivated in the southern extremity of India, Java, West Indies, and Brazil. The fruit grows in clusters along the branches, under the leaves. Each berry contains two seeds. Peruvian bark-the bark of several QUESTIONS.-What parts of a plant are chiefly eaten? From what do we make flour? What are leguminous plants, and which of them do we use most? Which are eaten by cattle? Which are poisonous? What part of a potato is poisonous? What plants are used for making hot drinks? Where do they grow? Describe the various kinds of tea. Which is the best? What is the nutritive part of tea, and what is its benefit? Explain the various names by which teas are called? KING RICHARD III.-(PAGE 53). Clarence-the Duke of Clarence, | Sour ferryman-Charon, said by brother of Edward IV. and Richard III., who was drowned. in a butt of wine (see H. E., Book V., p. 303). Tower-the Tower of London, built on the Thames by William I. Gloster-the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III. Hatches the grate or frame of cross bars laid across the opening in a ship's deck. A lid or cover for such opening is now called a hatch. Inestimable-too precious to be valued; invaluable. ancient poets to convey the souls of the dead, in a boat, across the stream that separated this world from the next. Warwick-Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the king-maker (see H. E., Book V., p. 303), whose daughter married the Duke of Clarence. This dark monarchy-the kingdom beyond the grave. A shadow like an angel-the spirit of Prince Edward, son of Henry VI. (see H. E., Book V., p. 303), killed by Clarence after the battle of Tewkesbury. QUESTIONS.-Who was Richard III.? When did he come to the throne? Where and when was he killed? How did he get the crown? Who was Clarence? What was his dream? Who did he see in the next world? How was it fulfilled? Write a short account of Richard Neville. SOAP Potash-the popular name of vegetable alkali in its impure state, procured from the ashes of (PAGE 55). plants; when refined by heat it is called pearl ash, or impure carbonate of potash; wormwood yields the greatest | Palm oil-a fatty substance, ob quantity. Resin-a solid inflammable substance, that cannot be dissolved in water, but only in alcohol and essential oils; it is brittle and transparent; it is a nonconductor of electricity, and when rubbed its electricity is negative; it is heavier than water, and will melt by heat. It flows from trees in a semiliquid state, in combination with essential oils, from which it is supposed to be formed; when mixed with turpentine or alcohol, it makes a fine varnish. Turpentine-an oily resinous substance flowing from several species of trees, as the pine, birch, and fir; it is dissolved in pure alcohol; and oil is distilled from it, when it is called spirits of turpentine. Carbonic acid-a saturated combination of carbon and oxygen. It exists in the atmosphere, and it is the result of decomposition, and is poisonous, and fatal to animal life; being heavier than air, it falls into low places, as wells and vaults. tained from the palm tree, which grows on the west coast of Africa; it is used by the natives there as butter, and, when fresh, it is a wholesome and delicate article of diet. Oxide of lead there are four oxides of lead-1st, the suboxide, of a grayish blue colour; 2nd, the protoxide, or yellow oxide; and, 3rd, suboxide, usually called red lead; 4th, the peroxide, made by putting red lead into nitric acid. The protoxide is the base of the salts of lead, and is employed for glazing earthenware and porcelain; the carbonate or white lead is most important in paints. All are poisonous, but white lead is by far the most virulent. England produces the largest quantity of lead-its produce being estimated at 50,000 tons per year. Organic acids-those which are formed from animal or vegetable matter. Glycerine-the sweet principle of oils and fats. LEATHER-(PAGE 57). Gall-nuts, or nut galls--a hard round substance produced by a small insect which deposits its eggs in the tender shoots of an oak, abundant in Asia Minor, Persia, &c. When the maggot is hatched from these eggs, it produces nut galls, varying in size from a pea to a nut; they are white, green, and blue, the two latter being the best. Their chief products are tannin and gallic acid; they are used in dyeing and making ink, and are chiefly imported from Aleppo, Smyrna, Tripoli. Sumach -a genus of evergreen shrubs, and of trees which shed their leaves; found in the south of Europe, Africa, and North and South America. Most of the species are poisonous, and many are used for the purpose of dyeing and tanning. Astringency-that quality in drugs and plants which binds, contracts, or strengthens parts which are relaxed. QUESTIONS. Of what is soap made? Describe the process. What is "Old Brown Windsor"? How are skins made into leather? What is "tanning"? Describe the tanning of skins. How are very thin skins made? How are potash, palm oil, and turpentine obtained? What are the peculiarities and uses of resin? What are gall-nuts, where found, and for what used? (PAGE 59). Chloride of lime-formed by ex- PAPER Esparto grass-a species of rush found in the southern provinces of Spain; used also for making cords, shoes, baskets, and nets. Gypsum sulphate of lime, a mineral which is found in a compact and crystallized state, as alabaster, or in the form of a soft chalky stone, which in a very moderate heat bebecomes a very fine white powder, known as "plaster of Paris;" the latter is found in great masses near Paris, and other Adjustment-regulation; alteraparts of Europe. tion; making to fit as required. LOOKING GLASSES (PAGE 63). Quicksilver mercury, a metal | Amalgamate-to compound quickfound, both native and in a silver with another metal. state of ore, in mines, and so fusible as to be only frozen at four degrees of cold below zero; it is the heaviest metal next to gold and platinum. Tin-foil-tin beaten out to a thin leaf. Superfluous (Latin, super, over; fluo, to flow)-that which overflows, or is beyond what is QUESTIONS.-From what is paper made? What is used for bleaching it, and giving it colour? Describe the process of paper-making? How is the watermark made? How long could a sheet be made? How are sheets cut? What is the sizing machine? What are "Esparto grass "-"gypsum"-" chloride of lime"-" aniline"-"pulp"? Describe the silvering of looking glasses. What is quicksilver? Why is it used for thermometers? How are glass globes silvered inside? HENRY V.-PAGE 64). Scrupulously-with a nice regard Inly ruminate-silently meditate Lank-lean-very thin, loose, and Attaint-stain, spot, slander; any- Flattery-false praise, called Subtly cunningly, artfully, slily. The balm-the oil with which a king is annointed at his coronation. |