1 Includes all admissions of Army personnel to "excused from duty" status excluding transfers but including"quarters." Includes all cases of Army personnel treated in an "excused from duty" status for venereal diseases. 3 Includes all initial admissions of Army personnel to Army hospitals (as contrasted with admission to "quarters" status). The number of Army personnel in an "excused from duty" status for disease or injury on the average day per 1,000 mean strength. 5 Estimates based on preliminary data. The above chart indicates that the number of individuals per 1,000 who were absent from duty because of disease or injury have been required to be away from their duties for a much shorter period of time since 1949. It is also evident that the number of individuals who require hospitalization continues to be extremely low. Our continuing effort to make venereal disease a negligible factor in military health reduced the incidence rate to a new low in 1959. This low rate was maintained in 1960. Mr. FLOOD. Do we get a shot at the Surgeon General here, Mr. Chairman? General COLLINS. Yes, sir. Mr. FLOOD. Do we get as a witness the Surgeon General? Mr. MAHON. I believe we have testimony on the Medical Depart ment. General DUFF. It is not now contemplated. Mr. FLOOD. I would like to have the Surgeon General appear as a witness. Mr. MAHON. I think that would be very appropriate. ARMY EDUCATIONAL COURSES Mr. FORD. On page 12 you indicate the educational level of the Army is being raised by the attendance of Army personnel at courses from the elementary through the college level. Do you have any statistics which prove the point? (The information is as follows:) In 1952, only 48 percent of the Army had 12 years or more of schooling. By 1959, the same educational level had been reached by 67.6 percent of the Army enlisted strength. This trend has continued to rise with a September 1960 high school educational level of 72.4 percent having been attained. General COLLINS. Yes, sir. We had preparatory and high school level off-duty courses, 200,000 completed last year. Mr. FORD. 200,000 personnel? Or 200,000 courses. Mr. FORD. How does that compare with a year ago or 2 years ago! General COLLINS. I do not have that figure, Mr. Ford. We had 130,000 completed self-improvement courses which were courses that pertained to their particular jobs that they took off duty. We found many of them induced to take courses to improve themselves so they could take the test for proficiency pay. Mr. FORD. You made a categorical statement here. Let us put any statistical information in the record which indicates precisely how you came to that conclusion. General COLLINS. Very well, sir. Mr. MAHON. It is the point of your argument that in view of the increased level of efficiency the requirement for additional men may not be as great as it formerly was? Mr. FORD. I was just interested in the fact, to prove what General Collins said but I think that could be used as an argument. The better people you have the less number, to a point, that you may need. General COLLINS. That is not necessarily so, Mr. Ford. I mean you have a truckdriver and you have a more efficient truckdriver. He may not crack the truck up as often as a less efficient truckdriver so therefore your maintenance may be a little less, but you still have to have the capability behind it to maintain that truck. Mr. MAHON. There are certain jobs you just have to flesh out. Mr. FORD. I think your basic argument for a higher caliber of people is aimed at having a fewer number of people doing the job better than a larger number of people who are not as well qualified? General COLLINS. This is true to a certain extent, yes, sir. Mr. FORD. That is why I added "to a degree." General COLLINS. To a degree you are correct. Mr. FORD. You can make this argument and I think it is a sound one. ALLOCATION OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO COMBAT AND NONCOMBAT DUTY Mr. FORD. In the past we have also had some information in the record showing the ratio of people assigned to combat duty and those assigned to noncombat duty. Let's have that information provided for the record, for the last 5 years. General COLLINS. Very well, sir. (The information requested follows:) Percentage distribution of military personnel by personnel categories, fiscal year 1957 through 1962 NOTE.-Fiscal year 1957 to fiscal year 1960 based on actual strength; fiscal year 1961 and fiscal year 1962 based on programed strength. EXPLANATION OF TROOP PROGRAM CATEGORIES Troop program categories are classifications established by grouping all programed organizations, which have similar type major missions, and personnel spaces allocated to specific type activities (i.e. trainees, students, transients, and patients) into one of five major categories. Explanation of the five main categories follow: 66865-61-pt. 1—16 Operating forces. Includes two types of forces, combat and combat-support elements. (These forces comprise approximately 98 percent of the spaces allocated to major oversea commands, STRAF and ARADCOM within CONUS. The remaining 2 percent are included in special activities and training forces.) Combat forces.-Includes divisional and nondivisional organization (i.e., missile commands, corps, regiments, air defense, armored, engineer and field artillery battalions, and separate infantry battle groups). Combat support elements.-Those organizations whose primary missions are to provide support to the combat forces (i.e., technical service units such as construction, supply distribution, maintenance, guided missile support, transportation, medical and hospital services, area communications, and major oversea headquarters.) Supporting forces.-Those units and activities within the CONUS whose missions are of a logistical and administrative nature in support of the operating forces (i.e., installation support services, supply distribution, maintenance, medical and hospital services, and major headquarters.) Special activities.-Includes activities of an international, joint, diplomatic, research and development nature (i.e., attaché system, MAAG's and missions, Army security agency, all research and development activities, joint headquarters, aviation construction engineer battalions, recruiting main stations.) Training forces.-Includes personnel spaces allocated for individuals assigned to schools and training centers undergoing training and the instructors at such activities as well as personnel who instruct or provide training advice to units or individuals of the Reserve components. Transients and patients.-Includes personnel spaces allocated for individuals awaiting shipment or proceeding to and from overseas in a PCS status, awaiting reassignment or separation upon return from overseas, and personnel transferred to a hospital for treatment or determination of duty status. Mr. FORD. Let's have a definition of how you allocate people to combat and noncombat duty. General COLLINS. Yes, sir; we have that. REPLACEMENT SYSTEMS Mr. FORD. What has happened to our Gyroscope program? General COLLINS. We changed the Gyroscope program about a year and a half ago to a carrier replacement system program, Mr. Ford. We found we had difficulty in sending units over with families. Housing was not in the proper area, and it just did not work so we resorted to a system of individual replacements moving overseas in carrier units. Also at the present time we have what we call an oversea unit replacement system which we are using with five battle groups in Korea. We train the battle group here as a unit. We start with a cadre which is filled to a full battle group and trained. It then goes over to Korea, replaces a like batttle group in Korea, takes over the equipment of that unit, and the unit replaced comes back. The AUS or Selective Mr. FLOOD. That is not a good example. Dependents do not go into Korea. Take a Gyroscope example. General COLLINS. This is why we got away from the Gyroscope sit uation. Mr. FLOOD. What do you do in Germany, in France, someplace where you had Gyroscope? General COLLINS. In Germany and France we are sending over these packets, these carrier units. Mr. FORD. How big are the packets? General COLLINS. They run somewhere about 200 in a packet. They are trained together and go overseas together and go to the same di vision together so that no individual is sent to a unit wherein he does not know somebody else. Mr. FORD. We had 4 or 5 years ago the inauguration of the Gyroscope program. We also had the theory advanced that people, once they got attached to a division, within limits, they would be kept in that division to build up esprit de corps, et cetera. What has been the record in that program? General COLLINS. When we reduced the number of divisions we had, we could not have a Gyroscope program with divisions. We then made surveys to find out where the loyalty was. There is some esprit de corps to the division, there is some to lower units but fundamentally the enlisted man has the major portion of his esprit de corps in the company he is in or the regiment or the battle group he is in. There is some to the patch he wears on his shoulder, but the majority is right down to the company and the battle groups. Mr. FORD. Can you outline in greater detail just what this carrier or package program is so we have this information in the record? General COLLINS. Yes, sir. (The information is as follows:) The purpose of carrier companies is to enhance the morale of non-prior-service personnel and to facilitate administrative processing and movement overseas. They are organized by— Forming 4-man "buddy" teams and grouping teams into a carrier company, comprised of squads and platoons, with a total strength of 64 to 240 trainees. Assigning a cadre of experienced personnel (who are also going overseas) to control and administer the company while it is moving overseas. They operate by Maintaining, to the maximum extent possible, 4-man "buddy" teams in advanced individual training, billeting, movement, and ultimate assignment. Forming carrier companies during training with personnel who have a common oversea destination. Moving the personnel overseas as a unit under the control of its cadre. Thus by keeping the personnel in the teams together during the early part of their service and providing cadre personnel to supervise their movement as a group, the young soldiers are given a feeling of comradeship and belonging, thereby enhancing their morale. Carrier companies are not tactical units and are not unit replacements. DEPENDENTS OVERSEAS Mr. FORD. We are all faimilar with the fact that a recent order changed the prohibition or the restrictions on the dependents going overseas. Will you tell us when this new order became effective and include in the record precisely what the order is? Also, tell me how you are implementing, as far as the Army is concerned, this request for dependents not to spend $80 more or less a year overseas? General COLLINS. Yes, sir; I could furnish that. Mr. FORD. Can you give us now how you are implementing that? What orders have been issued and what success do you expect to have from it? General COLLINS. Actually, we haven't issued orders yet, Mr. Ford. We have already encouraged our people to increase the savings program and to voluntarily curtail purchases of foreign manufactured goods, but the directive from the Secretary of Defense's Office has not been fully completed. It is in the process and will be issued to us in short order. Essentially, it is to be a voluntary program. Overseas, the majority of people in uniform, or the dependents, purchase their necessities at the commissaries or at the post exchanges. Both of these, the commissaries and the post exchanges, are now required to purchase U.S. manufactured goods. Mr. FORD. Has that order been issued? General COLLINS. That order was issued prior to the rescission of the families going overseas. Mr. FORD. Will you put that order in and the date it was issued? General COLLINS. Yes, sir. (The information is as follows:) Subject of this message in two parts is implementation of directions of the President prohibiting the purchase of foreign goods by nonappropriated fund activities of the military services worldwide. PART I 1. Secretary of Defense memorandum to the military services dated November 25, 1960, is quoted for your information and implementation. "In accordance with the directions of the President, the purchase of foreign goods by nonappropriated fund activities related to the military services are prohibited worldwide effective December 1, 1960. Exceptions to this prohibition will be made only under the personal authorization of the Secretary or Deputy Secretary of Defense. "Interim procurement of items of subsistence and other items which cannot be immediately procured from U.S. sources when such items are essential to the health and welfare of personnel of the Department of Defense and their dependents is authorized until products of U.S. origin or manufacture can be obtained. When the procurement from the United States of items essential to the health and welfare of personnel is not feasible, requests for exceptions should be substantiated in detail to include dollar expenditures involved. Perishable foodstuffs may be purchased without reporting, but their procurement should be under constant review to favor U.S. purchases when feasible. "Without prejudice to the procurement of subsistence and other essential health and welfare items referred to in the preceding paragraph, contracts or agreements now in force for purchase of foreign goods will be canceled or adjusted as appropriate in accordance with applicable law unless a monetary loss, not including profit from sales, will result to the nonappropriated fund activity. In cases where monetary losses would be incurred contracts/agreements will be terminated as soon as practicable and no new contracts or agreements for foreign goods entered into. "Subject to the above considerations, and pending amendment or rescission of Department of Defense Directive 1330.14, implementation of these instructions will not otherwise be delayed. "Actions required by this memorandum which may appear to be in conflict with existing country-to-country agreements will be referred to the Office of the Secretary of Defense for exception." 2. Clarifying Secretary of Defense directive dated December 6, 1960, is quoted for information and implementation concurrent with effective date of quotation in 1 above, and is quoted as follows: "The following information is furnished in amplification and as authorized exceptions to the provisions of my memorandum of November 25, 1960, on the subject: "(a) Foreign goods are defined as those goods produced or manufactured in a foreign country and physically located outside the United States, its possessions. or Puerto Rico, in bonded warehouses or a foreign trade zone within the United States, its possessions, or Puerto Rico. However, this will not be interpreted to authorize the procurement of foreign-made or produced exchange type retail merchandise from sources within the United States except within the categories and price limitations of the Armed Services Exchange Regulations (DOD Directive 1330.9). "(b) Foreign perishable foods, beverages, and similar items may be purchased for consumption on the premises of nonappropriated funds activities engaged in |