c. Ensuing deliberations concerning the transfer of the ABMA and the Saturn project were consummated in a NASA-DOD agreement. This agreement was released with Executive approval under date of 2 November 1959 in which NASA was assigned responsibility for the development of large space boosters. Concurrently, the Saturn project and the ABMA were transferred to the NASA. The Air Force adheres to its position that the assignment of the ABMA and associated projects, personnel complement and test facilities should logically accrue to the agency responsible for development of large space boosters. Thereafter, the management of that segment must be efficiently integrated within the responsible agency's overall R. & D. complex. The decision rendered in this case placed the responsibility with the NASA and provided concurrently that the resources were to be transferred to their jurisdiction. Had the responsibility and associated resources been assigned to the Air Force, it can reasonably be surmised that the Saturn project personnel and associated facilities would have been most carefully integrated into the Air Force R. & D. management structure and physical plant. Air Force management of high priority R. & D. projects recognizes that the most efficient utilization of such critical resources as technical personnel and test facilities is a vital aspect in the successful prosecution of such efforts. Question 7. Please define "preliminary research." Answer: The following DDR&E definition of preliminary research is currently being coordinated within DOD. If approved, it will be issued as a directive to all military services. Preliminary research means theoretical, exploratory and feasibility efforts including studies, experimentation and model fabrication. Studies include theoretical, planning, investigatory feasibility or preliminary design efforts related to the utilization of space for military purposes or in support of assigned military missions or responsibilities. Experimentation and model fabrication includes component, instrumentation, subsystem, propulsion, experimental payload and other efforts uniquely or chiefly applicable to or useful for space. ADDENDUM March 28, 1961 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DIRECTIVE SUBJECT Reconnaissance, Mapping and Geodetic Programs Reference: (a) DOD Directive 5160.32, "Development of Space Systems" I. Purpose This Directive assigns responsibilities for research, development, and operational activities in the fields of reconnaissance, mapping and geodetic programs. II. Reconnaissance Satellites The Department of the Air Force will be responsible for: 1. Research, development and operation, including payload design, launch, guidance, control and recovery of all DOD reconnaissance satellite systems. 2. Research and development of all instrumentation and equipment for processing reconnaissance data from satellite sources. III. Geodetic Controls and Mapping Production A. The Department of the Army will be responsible for the establishment and management of a single geodetic and mapping program to meet the total requirements of the Services and the Department of Defense in consonance with priorities established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This responsibility will include the establishment and maintenance of a world-wide master geodetic control system and geodetic library and the production and dissemination of geodetic data and topographic maps as required by Department of Defense agencies. In addition, it will include the establishment of a mapping and geodetic data collection program responsive to the needs of the three military departments and under the broad priorities established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Department of the Army will be responsible for maintaining a research and development program in basic geodetic methods. B. The Departments of the Navy and the Air Force will be responsible for exploitation of the basic information provided by the Department of the Army to meet their unique Service requirements. IV. Mapping and Geodetic Satellites A. The Department of the Army will be responsible for: 1. Establishment of detailed specifications for the development of mapping and geodetic satellite payloads and the operational coverage required of such payloads to satisfy its over-all data collection program. 2. Research, development and operation of all systems for processing and reduction of raw data accruing from geodetic and mapping satellites. B. The Department of the Air Force will be responsible for: 1. Research and development of all geodetic satellite systems exclusive of data processing and data reduction, to meet the detailed requirements established by the Department of the Army. 2. Operation of geodetic satellite systems (excluding data processing and data reduction) as required to meet the schedule and coverage prescribed by the Department of the Army. The Air Force will provide operational boosters and payloads and the launch, control, guidance and recovery operations, and will deliver the collected raw data to the Department of the Army for processing. 3. Any exceptions to the foregoing will be determined in accordance with DOD Directive 5160.32 (reference (a)). V. Mapping and Geodetic Systems Other Than Satellite A. The Department of the Air Force will be responsible for research, development and operation of all cartographic photograph and geodetic systems (excluding data processing, other than field computations) requiring the service of manned high performance aircraft, in accordance with the requirements and schedule provided by the Department of the Army. B. The Department of the Army will be responsible for research, development and operation of ground based mapping and geodetic systems (including components carried aboard instrumented probes and non-geodetic satellite systems), and the data processing and data reduction instrumentation and equipment associated therewith. C. The Department of the Navy will be responsible for: 1. Research, development and operation of all oceanographic and geophysical equipment required for the survey of the ocean areas. 2. Performing geodetic operations ashore, as necessary, to position electronic aids for navigation at sea and for temporary electronic aids required for oceanographic survey operations. 3. Providing to the Department of the Army processed data in accordance with requirements established by the Department of the Army geodetic program. VI. Operational Priorities The operational acquisition of geodetic and reconnaissance data and mapping information will be carried out under the broad priorities established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. VII. Effective Date This directive is effective upon publication. ROSWELL GILPATRIC, Deputy Secretary of Defense. (Whereupon, at 11:10 a.m., the Committee proceeded in executive session, concerned with internal administrative matters for which no transcript was required. The committee recessed at 11:25 a.m. to meet again on Monday, March 20, 1961.) DEFENSE SPACE INTERESTS MONDAY, MARCH 20, 1961 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS, Washington, D.C. The committee met at 10 a.m., Hon. Overton Brooks (chairman) presiding. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order. I am informed on account of the smallness of the space here, and the number of people who want to get into the room, we are having some difficulty. We want to certainly take care of the reporters who come here to do a job. They come here in the regular, routine course of their work. Now, if there is any way we can accommodate the reporters better than what we have, we want to do it. You might suggest to Mr. Finch how we can improve the situation, which is going to be difficult, even at best. We have a table coming in next week that will help some, but the prime problem is, we don't have the room here. I hope everybody will bear with us. This morning, members of the committee, we have some very distinguished witnesses here. I know they are busy men, and so I would suggest as soon as we finish with these witnesses, that we release them, if there is no objection, that they may return to their office. I know what it is, now, with legislative committees calling them from all parts of the Hill, that they have a job to do and they have to get back to their offices. Our first witness this morning is the Secretary of the Army, the Honorable E. J. Stahr. Secretary Stahr, I think you were here the other day with our committee and we are very appreciative of your appearance. We have your biography here. I think it would be very appropriate to have the entire document entitled "Biographical Material” inserted in the record at this point. (The document referred to is as follows:) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ELVIS J. STAHR, JR. Elvis J. Stahr, Jr., of West Virginia, Secretary of the Army, was sworn into office January 24, 1961; born in Hickman, Kentucky, March 9, 1916; son of Judge Elvis J. and Mary McDaniel Stahr; was graduated from Hickman High School 1932, and from the University of Kentucky (A.B.) 1936; won a Rhodes scholarship and attended Merton College, Oxford University, 1936-39 (B.A. in Jurisprudence, M.A., B.C.L.); honorary LL.D. West Virginia Wesleyan College, Concord (W. Va.) College and Waynesburg (Pa.) College; commissioned second lieutenant of Infantry, ORC, December 3, 1940; student and instructor at the Infantry School, Fort Benning, Ga., 1941-43; earned diploma in Chinese language at Yale University, 1943; overseas service as combat liaison officer in North Africa three months and in Far Eastern Theater with Chinese Combat Command twenty-two months, participating in China offensive and Burma-India campaign; awarded Bronze Star (twice), Nationalist Chinese Special Breast Order of Yun Hui (twice) and Nationalist Chinese Army-Navy-Air Force Medal 1st Class; reverted to inactive status as a lieutenant colonel March 12, 1946; Special Assistant for Reserve Forces to the Secretary of the Army, 1951-52; consultant to Assistant Secretary of the Army (MP&RF) 1953; awarded the Department of the Army Certificate for Meritorious Civilian Service; practiced law as associate of the New York law firm of Mudge, Stern, Baldwin and Todd 1939-41 and 1946-47; Associate Professor of Law, University of Kentucky 1947– 48; Professor of Law and Dean of the College of Law 1948-56; Provost of the University and Dean of the College of Law 1954-56; executive director, President's Committee on Education beyond High School 1956-57; Vice Chancellor, University of Pittsburgh, 1957-59; became President of West Virginia University, February 1, 1959, and is on leave of absence from that position to serve as Secretary of the Army; member of the bars of New York, Kentucky and the United States Supreme Court; member, Kentucky Constitution Review Commission 1949-56 (vice chairman 1952-56); chairman, Governor's Committee on Rehabilitation of the Handicapped 1955; chairman, Committee on National Defense of American Association of Land Grant Colleges and State Universities 1960; member, board of visitor of the Air University, Southern Regional Education Board, boards of directors of West Virginia Chamber of Commerce, First National Bank of Morgantown, W. Va., and Benedum Foundation of Pittsburgh, Association of American Rhodes Scholars, American Association of University Professors, Association for Higher Education, West Virginia Education Association, Sigma Chi, Phi Beta Kappa, Omicron Delta Kappa, Order of the Coif, Phi Delta Phi, Tau Kappa Alpha, Scabbard and Blade, Merton Society (Oxford), New York Southern Society, Newcomen Society, American Legion, Reserve Officers Association, Sons of the American Revolution, and Rotary Clubs, Cosmos (Washington, D.C.), Rolling Rock (Ligonier, Pa.), and Lakeview Country (Morgantown, W. Va.); elder, First Christian Church of Morgantown; married Dorothy Howland Berkfield June 28, 1946; three children, Stephanie Ann, Stuart Edward Winston and Bradford Lanier; Washington, D. C. address, 2618 30th Street, N. W. Mr. HECHLER. I suggest the position of president of the West Virginia University be printed in italic. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman doesn't have a leaning toward West Virginia, does he? Mr. Secretary, you have a short statement here and we would appreciate very much your proceeding with your statement. STATEMENT OF HON. ELVIS J. STAHR, JR., SECRETARY OF THE ARMY Secretary STAHR. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and members of the committee. It is a privilege and a pleasure to make my first formal appearance before this committee. With me this morning are two men whom you know quite well, Assistant Secretary Richard S. Morse, and Lt. Gen. Arthur G. Trudeau. I will begin my brief remarks by stating that the Army will support completely the recent directive by the Secretary of Defense with respect to space programs and intends to work effectively under it. In saying this, I certainly don't want to leave you with the impression that the Army has no interest in space. On the contrary, the Army has a definite and continuing interest in the use of space in furtherance of the Army's mission on the surface of the Earth. We believe that the directive as it is drafted, and as we think it will work out in practice, gives us adequate scope to fulfill the Army's assigned and logical missions in the defense of this country. It is my view that space is an environment-not a function. The Army does not view space programs as ends in themselves; rather, we view space as a new and challenging medium which we will have to consider and investigate and utilize in carrying out our mission. Let me see if I can give you an example. The Army's mission, in its broadest sense, is preparedness for land warfare. We all know that one of the important functions in land warfare is communications, and it is hardly necessary to say that this function is becoming more important every day. It is also obvious that, for the future, space will be a critical environment for communications and that there is an enormous amount of work to be done in this field. Now it happens that the Army has had assigned responsibilities in this area since 1959 which, under Paragraph III of the space directive, will be continued. This simply illustrates what I mean when I say that the Army doesn't take the view that it has any business working on space problems just for the sake of working on them. Our effort will always be to view space programs strictly in relation to our assigned mission. It is this concept which has been at the center of the Army's thinking. It is my view that it is vitally essential to our national defense that the Army, Navy, and Air Force be encouraged and supported in their respective fields of primary research. Exploitation of this relatively new and untouched environment is best accomplished by maintaining a broad attack upon it, an attack characterized by the highly diversified and differing requirements of the three Services to conduct operations on the land, on the sea, and in the air. I'm sure I don't need to remind this particular committee of the Army's past accomplishments and contributions in space technology. Nor need I remind you of the proved and widely recognized capabilities and wealth of talent which exist in the Army's scientific team, both civilian and military. I was here on last Friday during the appearance of Secretaries Gilpatric and Hitch, and I want to comment on one subject which seemed to concern some members of the committee. That is the problem of morale amongst the Army's scientific team, and more particularly the military members of that team, both present and future. I have given a great deal of thought to this subject and would like to give you my conclusions. Stated in its simplest terms, the real question involved is whether Army scientists will be willing to bend their best efforts on primary research projects in space with the foreknowledge that the results of their work may later have to be turned over for development to another Service. My answer to that question is that I believe they will, given the assumption that the projects on which they are working are projects which really bear a logical and useful relationship to the Army's primary mission. Any other answer, it seems to me, would suggest that the Army's scientific team is simply bent on self-aggrandizement, and this I do not believe to be the fact. I believe that in this day and age the Army is faced with more than enough scientific frontiers within the fields of its assigned missions to challenge fully the great intellectual and professional talents of our scientists and research teams. |