the Air Force, and Director, Advanced Research Projects Agency, subject: ARPA Programs, June 11, 1959 I. Purpose This directive establishes policies and assigns responsibilities for research, development, test, and engineering of satellites, anti-satellites, space probes and supporting systems therefor, for all components of the Department of Defense. II. Policy and assignment of responsibilities A. Each military department and Department of Defense agency is authorized to conduct preliminary research to develop new ways of using space technology to perform its assigned function. The scope of such research shall be defined by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering in terms of expenditure limitations and other appropriate conditions. B. Proposals for research and development of space programs and projects beyond the defined preliminary research stage shall be submitted to the Director of Defense Research and Engineering for review and determination as to whether such proposals, when transmitted to the Secretary of Defense, will be recommended for approval. Any such proposal will become a Department of Defense space development program or project only upon specific approval by the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense. C. Research, development, test, and engineering of Department of Defense space development programs or projects, which are approved hereafter, will be the responsibility of the Department of the Air Force. D. Exceptions to paragraph C will be made by the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense only in unusual circumstances. E. The Director of Defense Research and Engineering will maintain a current summary of approved Department of Defense space development programs and projects. III. Cancellation Reference (a), except as to the assignments of specific projects made therein, and references (b) and (c) are hereby cancelled. IV. Effective date This directive is effective upon publication. Instructions implementing this directive will be issued within thirty (30) days. ROBERT S. MCNAMARA, Secretary of Defense. NEWS RELEASE Immediate release DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, March 8, 1961 No. 196-61 Oxford 5320153176 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ANNOUNCES NEW DIRECTIVE FOR DEVELOPING OF MILITARY SPACE SYSTEMS Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara today announced policies and assignments of responsibilities for development of military space systems. The Secretary stated that the policies and assignments were being made after a careful review of the military portion of the national space program had shown that the program could be much improved by better organization and clearer assignment of responsibility. The policies and assignments cover research, development, test and engineering of satellites, anti-satellites, space probes and supporting systems for all components of the Department of Defense and are set forth in a new Department of Defense Directive, Number 5160.32. The Directive deals solely with research and development. The actual assignment of operational responsibilities for space systems will be made by the Secretary of Defense on a project-by-project basis as a particular project approaches the operational stage, and will take into account the requirements of each of the Services and the Unified and Specified Commands. Under the new Directive, each of the military Services is authorized to conduct preliminary research to develop new ways of using space technology to perform its assigned function within limitations to be fixed by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. When these studies result in proposals for research and development projects, the military Services will submit the proposals to the Director of Defense Research and Engineering who will recommend to the Secretary those proposals which he believes should be developed. Upon approval of the project by the Secretary of Defense, the management of further research and development of the project will become the responsibility of the Department of the Air Force unless, in the opinion of the Secretary or the Deputy Secretary of Defense, unusual circumstances justify assignment of the particular project to another Service. The Directive does not affect space research and development assignments previously made. The CHAIRMAN. At the present time, only three days have been definitely programmed to go into these matters. In the interest of conserving time, without objection, certain staff studies under preparation of a factual background nature will be placed in the record for the benefit of the committee. There will also be some matters which cannot be developed with the witnesses to the extent necessary to complete the record during these three days. Some pertinent views of Department of Defense witnesses have already been made known to the committee, and without objection where the present testimony is incomplete, abstracts of such earlier testimony which will round out committee consideration of the issues will be added to this record. Members of the committee will have many questions for the witnesses. May I suggest that pertinent questions which may not have been answered in these hearings be given to the witnesses for inclusion with their replies as a part of the record. The Chair cannot help but notice a certain coincidence of difficulty in obtaining the attendance at these hearings of the Secretary of Defense, the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, and the Secretary of the Air Force, even though each has offered an excuse. I might say that I talked to the Secretary of the Air Force and he explained his position to me and I was satisfied with it, but I understand this morning that he has cancelled his plans to go to Europe and will be here next week. We have also noted a certain foot-dragging in making available the military witnesses who will be most affected by this directive. Let me state, by way of summary, what we hope to learn from the witnesses. We should like a statement of the circumstances which governed the making of this decision. We wish to be given as much insight as possible as to how the Department of Defense plans to implement this directive. We wish to sample the opinions of the three military departments and Services as to how they expect to be affected by this directive, and how they will have to adjust their plans to comply with its terms. We would also like to test by example in questions and answers how the directive may bear on relations between the Department of Defense or the Services, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This morning we have two witnesses from the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Specifically we have Hon. Roswell L. Gilpatric, Deputy Secretary of Defense, and Hon. Charles J. Hitch, Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller). At this point in the record, we shall insert their biographies. (Biographical sketches of Secretaries Gilpatric and Hitch are as follows:) ROSWELL L. GILPATRIC, DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Roswell L. Gilpatric was named by President Kennedy to be Deputy Secretary of Defense and was sworn into office on January 24, 1961. Prior to his appointment as Deputy Secretary, Mr. Gilpatric had served as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force from May 28, 1951 to October 28, 1951 and as Under Secretary of the Air Force from October 29, 1951 to February 5, 1953. Immediately before his appointment to his present office, he was Chairman of the Board of the Aerospace Corp. Mr. Gilpatric was born in Brooklyn, New York, November 4, 1906. He attended public schools in New York and was graduated cum laude from Hotchkiss School in 1924. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1928 from Yale University, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and was graduated from Yale Law School in 1931. Mr. Gilpatric was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1932 and later was admitted to practice before the Federal Courts and the United States Supreme Court. His bar association memberships include the American Bar Association and the New York City and State Bar Associations. He was a Visiting Sterling Lecturer at the Yale Law School from 1940 to 1942. In 1932, Mr. Gilpatric joined the legal staff of the New York City law firm of Cravath, de Gersdorff, Swaine & Wood, where his legal experience was primarily in the field of corporate and financial law. He was a partner of Cravath, Swaine & Moore from 1940 to 1951, and returned to this firm in 1953. During World War II, Mr. Gilpatric's work was as legal counsel for various corporations engaged in war production. He was concerned chiefly with the legal aspects of matters dealing with the financing of emergency plant facilities, Regulation V loans and renegotiation and contract termination procedures. He worked mainly with Army Air Corps and Navy aviation officials and with the Defense Plant Corporation, which was created in August, 1940, under the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. In 1958, Mr. Gilpatric married Madelin Thayer Kudner of New York City. He has three children by a previous marriage, Joan Bradshaw Sayres (Mrs. Wm. G.), John Fulton Gilpatric, and Elizabeth Levitt Gilpatric. The Gilpatrics reside at 2120 Kalorama Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. CHARLES J. HITCH, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (COMPTROLLER) Charles J. Hitch was appointed Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) by President Kennedy and took his oath of office on February 17, 1961. Prior to his appointment, and since 1948, Mr. Hitch had been with the Rand Corp., a firm of scientific consultants. Most recently as chairman of its research council he was responsible for planning and directing the research of the corporation. The Rand Corp. is a non-profit corporation engaged in research for the Air Force, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. During World War II Mr. Hitch served on Mr. Averell Harriman's first lendlease mission in London 1941-1942, and then in the War Production Board 19421943 where he assisted in the development of the controlled materials plan. He was inducted into the U.S. Army in May 1943 and later assigned to the Office of Strategic Services. In 1945-1946, after his discharge from the Army as a 1st Lieutenant, he was Chief of the Stabilization Controls Division of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion. Born January 9, 1910, in Boonville, Missouri, Mr. Hitch received his early education in the public schools of Boonville and at Kemper Military School in Boonville where he was graduated from junior college in 1929. He received his bachelor of arts degree from the University of Arizona in 1931. After one year of graduate study at Harvard, he went to Oxford on a Rhodes scholarship and received his master's degree from Oxford. He was elected a Fellow of Queens College, Oxford, in 1935. He was general editor of the Oxford economic papers from 1941 to 1948 and was a visiting professor at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1947. Mr. Hitch has been active in a large number of professional organizations, serving as president of the Operations Research Society of America 1959-1960. He is a member of the research advisory board of the Committee for Economic Development, of the executive committee of the Universities National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, and of the national security policy committee of the Social Science Research Council. He is a member of the American Economic Association and of the Council on Economic Relations. He has written two books: America's Economic Strength, published by the Clarendon Press in 1941, and (with Roland N. McKean) The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age, Harvard University Press, 1960. Mr. and Mrs. Hitch, the former Nancy Winslow Squire, have a daughter, Caroline Winslow, one year old, and reside at 1513 30th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. The CHAIRMAN. Have the witnesses been contacted and have we any difficulty in that regard? I realize that notice has not been too much in advance, but we did not know when this directive was coming out. Dr. SHELDON. Mr. Chairman, all the departments have been contacted. They have been very cooperative. There has been some remaining question as to the availability on Tuesday of General White, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and General Schriever, Commander of the ARDC. This has not been completely resolved at this point. The CHAIRMAN. As I understand, General Schriever has not been on a vacation for several years and I know he has had a hard job there. Will he be away? Dr. SHELDON. I understand he will be out of the city and that these would be plans quite difficult to shift. The CHAIRMAN. We want to accommodate the witnesses and we recognize this, that the hearing was set up without very much notice. If you think it would be possible, we could hear General Schriever in the morning there so he could get away next week. If you think. it would be possible, we could hear him in this room tomorrow morning. Dr. SHELDON. Mr. Chairman, we will certainly make necessary inquiries. The CHAIRMAN. Who is the other witness? Dr. SHELDON. General White. The CHAIRMAN. We could hear him at the same time. Mr. FULTON. With regard to hearings tomorrow morning, some of us have made arrangements to speak out of town. I think that might be a little short notice. May I say about the Department of Defense, I hope for their future cooperation and I think we should leave it on the record that it is the incidence rather than the coincidence of these events. I know they are busy and they have a change-over and a tremendous job so possibly we can give them a little more notice. The CHAIRMAN. How many witnesses do we have set up for these three days? Dr. SHELDON. We have two planned for this morning, Mr. Chairman, as is evident by their presence. On Monday, by your direction, the plan was to hear from the Secretary of the Army and General Trudeau, the Secretary of the Navy, Admiral Hayward, and Admiral Connolly, and I believe the Assistant Secretary for R. & D., Dr. Wakelin, is going to come on Monday. On Tuesday we had scheduled the Under Secretary of the Air Force, Dr. Charyk, in the absence of the Secretary. We had hoped to hear from General White and from General Wilson and General Schriever, also by your direction, sir. The CHAIRMAN. We have a good many witnesses already available who will be here next week. I recognize what the gentleman has to say there, that this is short notice for a Saturday session of this committee, but Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, could you ask the wishes of the others, the other members of the committee? Maybe I am the only one. The CHAIRMAN. If it was left to the chairman, he would say not to have a Saturday morning session, but the problem is getting the hearing through and perhaps these two witnesses tomorrrow may not be vital witnesses. Mr. TEAGUE. I could be here, but I think the committee as a whole should decide. The CHAIRMAN. I will leave it to the committee as a whole. The CHAIRMAN. It is a matter of whether we have these hearings or wait a number of weeks until the witnesses are available. Mr. MILLER. I think it is a very important hearing and I don't think we can schedule its closing at any specific date. Mr. TEAGUE. I suggest we inquire as to how many can be here tomorrow. The CHAIRMAN. How many do we have here now who are members of the committee? Dr. SHELDON. Fifteen, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Why not do this: Let's wait until the others come in and then we will poll each one individually and see how many can be here. Mr. FULTON. I am going to have to call Pittsburgh and cancel. The sooner I do it the better. I suggest we ask those here who can come. The CHAIRMAN. Who can be here tomorrow morning to hear the testimony of these two witnesses who otherwise would not be presently available? How many do we have? Dr. SHELDON. Seven, sir. The CHAIRMAN. How many can't be here? Dr. SHELDON. It is about even, sir. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will rule this: We will wait until the other members come in and take another vote. Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Chairman, is there a possibility of meeting this afternoon since there will be no meeting of the House today? The CHAIRMAN. That might be a thought. It would be short notice for the witnesses. Mr. RYAN. They might prefer to do that than come in on Saturday, Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Chairman, I suggest the chairman decide and work it out to the best interests of everybody. Mr. DAVIS. I second the motion. Mr. HECHLER. I think we should get on with the hearing. The CHAIRMAN. You have heard the motion. Is there any objection to that? Mr. FULTON. As long as you decide in the next five minutes. The Chair will try to work it out satisfactorily to everybody. |