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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR DEFENSE

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1961

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS,

Washington, D.C.

The committee met at 10 a.m., Hon. Overton Brooks (chairman) presiding.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order.

This morning, members of the committee, we have a meeting at 10:30 of the House Administration Committee. For that reason, the chairman will have to leave and go over there to see about our funds for investigations. I want the witnesses to know that that is the reason that I will have to be gone for a little while, until they pass judgment on our request for funds for investigations.

This is the final meeting of the current series of hearings on scientific and astronautical research in the Department of Defense. We have heard from the Office of the Secretary of Defense. We have heard from the Office of Secretary of the Army and the Navy. Later hearings closely related to this series will cover other agencies and industry. But this morning we are to explore a key part of our defense effort, the program of the Air Force.

This promises to be most interesting. Our principal witnesses today are Hon. Joseph V. Charyk, Under Secretary of Air Force, accompanied by Lt. Gen. R. C. Wilson, Deputy Chief of Staff, Development; and Lt. Gen. B. A. Schriever, commander of the Air Research and Development Command.

We might say that we have been privileged to have these outstanding witnesses before the committee before, but their appearance brings zest and interest in the Air Force program for research and development, and especially space.

I suggest that we proceed with having Dr. Charyk's statement first. Following that we will have General Schriever's comment on a film the Air Force has. Then all three witnesses and their supporting staff will be available to answer questions.

Mr. Secretary, we are glad to have you all here again today. You have a prepared statement. I am sure the committee will fill up before you really get started on your statement, but it is our policy to proceed on time. I think in the long run we save time. If you will proceed with your statement, sir, the committee will be glad to hear from you. (The biography of Dr. Charyk is as follows:)

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DR. JOSEPH V. CHARYK, UNDER SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

PART I. NARRATIVE

Dr. Charyk graduated from the University of Alberta with a degree of bachelor of science in engineering physics. Following this he was awarded a master of science in aeronautics from California Institute of Technology in 1943 and received a Ph.D. magna cum laude with a major in aeronautics and a minor in physics and mathematics in 1946.

Following graduation, Dr. Charyk was appointed an instructor in aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology in 1945. During the period 1943-46 he originally was an engineer and finally section chief of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. In 1946 he became associated with Princeton University as assistant professor of aeronautics. He was promoted to associate professor in 1949 and remained at Princeton until 1955. While at Princeton Dr. Charyk assisted in the establishment of the Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Center at the Forrestal Research Center.

In 1955 Dr. Charyk joined the Lockheed Aircraft Corp. as director of the aerophysics and chemistry laboratory. Following this he became associated with Aeronutronic Systems, Inc., a subsidiary of the Ford Motor Co., at its inception in 1956. Dr. Charyk first served as director of the missile technology laboratory and later as general manager of the space technology division.

Associated activities during these periods have also included duties as associate editor and later general editor for a series of 12 volumes covering the complete field of high speed flight and propulsion being published by Princeton University under the joint sponsorship of the three military services. Contributing authors to this series number in excess of 150, drawn from all parts of the world.

In January 1959, Mr. Charyk requested a leave of absence from Aeronutronic Systems, Inc. to accept the position of Chief Scientist of the USAF. In June 1959 he became Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development, a position he held until his appointment as Under Secretary of the Air Force on January 28, 1960.

PART II. FACT SHEET

Dr. Charyk was born at Canmore, Alberta, Canada, on September 9, 1920. He attended elementary and high schools in Alberta, including St. Patrick's High in Lethbridge, Alberta. He is the son of John Charyk, retired roadmaster for the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and Anna Dorosh.

Dr. Charyk moved to the United States in 1942 and became a citizen in 1948. He has lived in Pasadena, Calif., Princeton, N.J., and Woodland Hills, Calif. He was married to Edwina Elizabeth Rhodes on August 18, 1945, and they have three sons, William Rhodes, Joseph John, Christopher Edwin, and one daughter, Diane Elizabeth. They are presently residing at 5126 Tilden Street NW., Washington 16, D.C.

Dr. Charyk has two brothers, John and Nicholas, a high school principal and an employee of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, respectively, and two sisters, Mrs. Mary Ferenz and Mrs. Helen Forest.

Dr. Charyk has been a member of the following organizations:

Subcommittee on Fluid Mechanics of the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics, now the National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Technical Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, Office Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

Chairman of Committee on Aircraft, Missiles, and Space Vehicles for the Air Force long-range planning study conducted under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences in 1957 and was cochairman in 1958. He is a member of the American Rocket Society and served as a member of the board of directors of southern California chapter. He is a fellow of the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, a member of the Society of Sigma Xi, serving as president of the Princeton chapter in 1954.

Dr. Charyk is a member of the Army-Navy Country Club. His main sport is golf and his hobby is photography.

STATEMENT OF HON. JOSEPH V. CHARYK, UNDER SECRETARY OF

THE AIR FORCE, DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

Secretary CHARYK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, it is indeed a pleasure to have the opportunity to appear before this committee and review for you the scope and some of the highlights of the Air Force research and development program during the past year. This is particularly so in light of the noteworthy contribution which this committee has made in providing real stimulus to research and development activities.

The continued goal of providing a logical research and development program consistent with our national policy has been strongly emphasized in its formulation and implementation. It is my opinion that the highlights which I will present strongly support this premise. In presenting these results we have organized them for presentation purposes into operational developments, advanced developments, research programs, and command operations.

Strategic systems:

OPERATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS

In the strategic systems area the primary objective has been to as-. sure a proper mix between manned and unmanned systems so as to provide for a strong flexible deterrent posture in the future. The development of the Atlas and Titan I has progressed to a point of production and operational deployment. The problems relating to these two aspects have not been completely ones of development, but have dealt with the transition to an operational role. A significant highlight of this program was the attainment by the Atlas D of a 7,200 statute mile range on the 9th of August and 22d of October 1960 and a 9,000 statute mile range on the 20th of May and 19th of September 1960. These four shots demonstrated the performance flexibility possible with these missiles. The Atlas also has been adopted as a first stage booster in most of the current space systems under development. The Titan I has also shown considerable progress this past year, resulting in 13 successful and 3 partially successful shots out of 20.

Substantial progress has been made in what we consider our secondgeneration ICBM's. Titan II, with storable propellants, permitting faster reaction time, simplicity, and improved hardening, has been approved for development and operational deployment. It has also been adopted for use as the first stage booster for Dyna-Soar I. In the development of a solid-propelled ICBM, our initial shot was considered an outstanding accomplishment in attaining complete success in the first test firing of the three-stage, 60-foot, 65,000-pound, solid-propellant Minuteman. This first launch on February 1 attained a range of 4,600 statute miles approximately 1 year ahead of the originally estimated date.

The manned strategic force of the future is linked to the development of the B-70 bomber. This system is being developed to provide intercontinental range at Mach 3 and high altitude with the capability of delivering a multiple load of high yield weapons. Some of the advantages provided will include target and weapon selectivity, recallability, damage assessment and recoverability. Appropriate subsystem contracts have been initiated to phase in with the requirements of the development program.

To increase the offensive capability of the B-52, which will be the backbone for our manned strategic forces for some time to come, the Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile program was undertaken in 1959. This missile is progressing through its hardware stages and should be available for initial testing late this year. This system will enhance the useful life and capability of the B-52 for later time periods. Air defense:

Major emphasis during the past year has been placed on the attainment of systems to provide warning against any enemy attack. The most difficult is the detection and identification of ICBM attacks. In the past year our initial BMEWS station in Thule, Greenland, has become operational and is now providing information to our continental command posts. Expedited efforts have been exerted to accelerate the attainment of an IOC (initial operations capability) at the Alaskan site by midyear and at the United Kingdom site in early 1963. Developments have also been undertaken in the use of infrared detection techniques on orbiting vehicles to provide detection on ballistic missiles during the boost phase.

Tactical systems:

Extensive studies have been completed which have provided necessary information and background to develop an operational requirement for a tactical fighted aircraft. The specific operational requirement for this tactical fighter has been established and is now in the process of being approved for source selection and subsequent development. Navy participation in the final review of the requirement has been solicited to insure that future naval aplications for this type of system could be effected with minimal modification.

We have also asked the Army to participate in looking at these requirements.

This system is being developed to insure air superiority and air support in limited war situations. Its performance covers a wide spectrum of operating conditions, including a short takeoff and landing capability and maximum flexibility for this very difficult mission. In addition to the development of a tactical fighter for the limited war role, improved airlift capability has also been emphasized. Efforts have been initiated, not only to modernize our transport fleet by purchase of existing modern jet aircraft, as the President announced recently, but a requirement has also been developed and approved to provide the basis for the design and development of an advanced transport aircraft. We anticipate source selection next month. Source selection is anticipated in early March. A triservice effort was also initiated during this past year on a VTOL assault transport. The Department of Navy was selected as the systems develop

ment manager and I assume they will cover this item with the committee.

Command and control and support systems:

Revolutionary advances in the destructive power of weapons and the speed and range of delivery systems have created a difficult problem in command. The extreme quantity and abstract quality of data, the compression of decision time, and the necessity for rigid central control to avoid accidents have imposed a severe problem upon the top commands. A vigorous approach to the development of modern command and control systems have been required. This general area of development was undertaken several years ago and has grown in complexity, scope, and difficulty. The Air Force, recognizing this critical situation during the past year, initiated several studies, both by military operational groups, as well as the scientific, technical community to reevaluate these problems in an attempt to focus our methods of approach and to seek better solutions. The Becker Committee and the Winter study group both provided considerable insight into these development areas. The Air Research and Development Command has placed increased emphasis on the importance of command and control as an extremely important development area and is continuing to study and implement other recomendations for an effective approach to this difficult development field. A listing of some of these important systems under development and a brief statement as to its status is given as follows:

The 425-L: We have continued the development program for our North American Air Defense Combat Operations Center. As you probably know, this will be an integrated combat operations center from which the Commander in Chief, NORAD, can direct and control the aerospace defense of the North American Continent.

The 438-L: The intelligence data handling system, required by SAC, North American Air Defense Combat Operations Center, Air Technical Intelligence Center, and the Air Force Intelligence Center is an integrated system for processing and delivering intelligence information by electronic techniques. We have continued our development of the system during this past year.

The 465-L: This is perhaps one of the most important systems we have. We initiated the development and test of prototype equipment for the Strategic Air Command control system at the contractor's facility.

The 480-L: We have continued to modernize, expand, and augment with new techniques the present Air Force communications system. This program is being accomplished on an evolutionary basis and is necessitated by the introduction into the Air Force of the various command and control systems and the voluminous data required by each; the compression of the reaction time as a result of ballistic missiles and the well-publicized phenomena called nuclear blackout.

The 496-L: In October 1960 the DOD transferred responsibility for development and operation of Spacetrack to the Department of the Air Force. This system is being developed to detect, track, and catalog all Earth satellites and space vehicles in orbit. During the past year an interim National Space Surveillance Control Center became operational at Hanscom Field, Mass. Operational control for

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