will see the movie and then when he comes back we will have questions.

Secretary CHARYK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

(The biography of General Schriever is as follows:)

BIOGRAPHY OF LT. GEN. B. A. SCHRIEVER

German born, Texas reared, Lt. Gen. B. A. Schriever immigrated to the United States in 1917. He was born in Bremen, Germany, on September 14, 1910. Graduating from Texas A. & M. in 1931 with a B.S., he started his military career that same year when he accepted a Reserve appointment in the Field Artillery.

After assignments to March Field, Calif., and Albrook Field, Panama Canal Zone, the then-lieutenant reverted to Inactive Reserve status. Meanwhile, he accepted a position as pilot with Northwest Airlines.

Reentering the service as a second lieutenant in the Regular Army in October 1938, Schriever performed duty at Hamilton Field, Calif., and Wright Field, Ohio. In 1941 he entered Stanford University and in June 1942 was awarded a master's degree.

In July 1942, Major Schriever joined the 19th Bomb Group in the Southwest Pacific. While in that theater, he participated in the Bismarck Archipelago, Leyte, Luzon, Papua, North Solomon, South Philippine and Ryukyu campaigns. From 1946 to 1949, General Schriever was assigned as Chief, Scientific Liaison Section, Deputy Chief of Staff, Materiel, Headquarters U.S. Air Force. Entering the National War College in 1949, he was graduated in June 1950. He then returned to USAF Headquarters where he served as assistant for development planning. In June 1954, he became assistant to the commander, ARDC and in July of that same year, although retained as assistant to the commander, ARDC he assumed command of the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division.

As commander of AFBMD, General Schriever directed the Nation's highest priority project-the development of the intercontinental ballistic missile. Not only was he responsible for telescoping time in the research and development on all technical phases of the Atlas, Titan, Thor, and Minuteman missiles and for Air Force space systems but he also directed the management program for concurrently providing the launching sites and equipment, tracking facilities, and ground support equipment necessary to these programs.

In April 1959, General Schriever assumed command of the Air Research and Development Command with headquarters at Andrews Air Foce Base, Md. Today he is responsible for managing the global military-science-industry brainpower required to provide the Air Force with the military tools to do its job: Weapons of superior quality, created and developed by engineering and scientific leadership.

General Schriever's management responsibiltiy includes monitorship of more than 6,400 research and development contracts in which about 1,500 major contractors engage in work on Air Force weapon systems, materiel, equipment, and special projects.

General Schriever is married to the former Dora Brett. The couple has three children. They are: Brett Arnold, Dodie Elizabeth and Barbara Alice.

STATEMENT OF LT. GEN. B. A. SCHRIEVER, COMMANDER, AIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND

General SCHRIEVER. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, since this movie does not have a narrator, I will be the narrator. Mr. MILLER. I don't know where they could get a better one or a more handsome one.

General SCHRIEVER. This first shot is the testing of the Minuteman, at Edwards Air Force Base, to determine feasibility of in-silo launches. This particular part of the development program was so successful we were able to complete our objectives 6 months ahead of schedule in 8 flights rather than the 18 we had originally planned.

This is the first launch of the Minuteman which to us rocketeers is the most successful we have had in the rocket business yet. This is a full three-stage missile, and all three stages operated. The guidance system also operated and the nose cone separated and impacted in the target area. This scene shows a long-range telescopic camera, the ROTI (rotary optical tracking instrument). It photographed the following scenes, here showing separation of the first stage, and the second stage ignition.

In a moment you will see separation of the second stage and third stage ignition. It was a nice clear day so this was visible clear to actual burnout of the third stage. This shows the actual burnout of the third stage. The impact was some 4,600 miles down range.

This is the Atlas-Agena, employed in this case for the first Samos flight from Vandenberg Air Force Base. The Atlas in this particular mission operated flawlessly. However, if you will watch at the takeoff, the umbilical cord attached to the Agena at the top of the structure did not separate until after the missile became airborne. This faulty separation actually pulled off part of the Agena second stage causing it to malfunction. As a result this particular Samos flight did not go into orbit.

The second Samos flight on January 31, 1961, achieved orbit for a completely successful research and development flight. The Agena second stage on the top of the Atlas is the same second stage that we have been testing so successfully in the Discoverer program.

This launch is from Cape Canaveral. It again shows the AtlasAgena combination, but this time being used for one of our Midas flights. So far, we have had two Midas flights, in the development of the missile defense alarm system. This system, along with BMEWS will give early warning of an enemy missile attack. This particular flight is the second launch and was successful. We received signals for several passes before the telemetry went out, and we got much useful data from this particular flight.

Since that time we have had two Discoverer flights which supported the Midas development program, both of these were successful. The latest of the supporting flights was Discoverer XXI, launched last week.

This is our tracking and acquisition station in Hawaii. It is a very important link in our total space effort. We have a number of other stations of this kind in a global network.

This is a Titan launch from Cape Canaveral. The Titan program has been going extremely well. We have had two successful flights of the J model Titan this month, and we expect to have the Titan in an operational phase some time this summer.

The Titan ICBM has two complete stages, rather than one-and-ahalf stages which makes up the Atlas. This scene shows the separation and second stage ignition of the Titan. The Titan II, which will use a noncyrogenic fuel, will be the booster for the Dyna-Soar program as Secretary Charyk pointed out.

This is the B-52, carrying dummies of the Skybolt, an air-launched ballistic missile. This particular test is to prove out the compatability of the Skybolt missile with the B-52. This missile has not yet been fired.

You see that the B-52 can carry four Skybolts. In addition to that, it can carry a bomb load. This program will combine aircraft mobility with ballistic missile performance.

This next scene shows the B-52 again and this time with the Hound Dog which is a jet-propelled air-to-surface missile. This missile will have only about half the range which we expect to get from the Skybolt. The Hound Dog program is well along and in what we call category three or operational testing.

The Strategic Air Command, which will deploy the Hound Dog, is working with the Air Research and Development Command in this final phase of the test program. We have had quite a number of highly successful test flights with the Hound Dog missile.

This is a shot of one of the Atlas D flights. Actually we have recently completed the Atlas D development and test program. We have had 32 flights of the Atlas D, of which 27 were completely successful, which is, I think, a remarkable record of reliability. This particular flight had as an objective recovery of the nose cone. This scene is the actual reentry into the atmosphere near Ascension Island about 5,000 miles from the cape. You see the after body of the missile itself burning up, while the nose cone comes down intact. Here you see the nose cone falling into the impact area so you know we know where the impact area is. This scene shows a recovery crew actually fishing the nose cone out of the Atlantic from our instrumented impact net near Ascension Island.

Here is a B-52 taking off from Edwards Air Force Base, Muroc Lake, Calif. It is carrying the X-15. On this particular flight the X-15 set a new world altitude record in excess of 136,000 feet, as mentioned by Secretary Charyk a moment ago. These flights are of roughly 10 to 15 minutes duration.

This scene shows the X-15 as it is dropped from the B-52. The X-15 actually climbs at an angle of about 51 degrees, or very nearly straight up.

Here we have Capt. Joseph Kittinger getting into his gondola for a balloon ascent over New Mexico. He jumped from the balloon from an altitude of over 102,000 feet. You see the clouds below as photographed from a camera mounted on his chest. He also wore a stabilizing parachute to prevent his spinning. You can see he is quite stable here, though he is oscillating a bit.

This was a free drop from 102,800 feet of some 80-odd thousand feet before his main parachute opened.

Here he is in his final descent which is anticlimactic to the overall mission.

Now we see one of our major Air Force R. & D. facilities, the Von Kármán gas dynamics facility at the Arnold Engineering Center, near Tullahoma, Tenn.

Here we are testing a scale model of the Mercury capsule to simulate reentry conditions. We do extensive work for NASA on the Mercury program as well as many other programs.

Here we have a scale model of the Atlas being tested in a wind tunnel. I might say that out of the 20 highest national priority programs, 16 of them have been or are being tested in our tunnel facilities at Tullahoma. The only four that are not being tested there are electronics programs.

66947-61-11

Here we have a test of the parachute of the Discoverer. We isolated the difficulties we had experienced with the Discoverer chutes in the wind tunnel at Tullahoma.

This is Discoverer XIII being launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base. This was the first successful recovery of a capsule. In this case we missed the air snatch though it came down in the prescribed impact area. It was picked up, however, in this example of Air Force-Navy cooperation, when a Navy frogman retrieved the capsule.

This is Discoverer XIV being launched 1 week later from Vandenberg Air Force Base. This was the first capsule recovered in the air. You see the aircraft making the first pass which missed.

On this pass you will see him make the snatch. This is a little like catching a marlin. You can see the line reeling out. When the play is out, we start reeling it in.

At Holloman Air Force Base we have a chimpanzee training ground. Ham, the chimpanzee that flew in the Mercury capsule this month received his training at Holloman Air Force Base which serves as primate manager for the Mercury program. This is another indication of our working closely with NASA.

This scene shows a chimpanzee on a track being put through some deceleration exercises. We figure this out very closely and have had no casualties in these particular tests. These chimpanzees are hard to train and they are very valuable to us.

I don't think the chimp is very happy, but he is at least healthy. I was out there just last week and was amazed at what you can teach these chimpanzees to do.

That concludes the film and gives you a few pictorial highlights of our recent progress.

Mr. MILLER. Have you tried to teach chimpanzees to work in factories?

General SCHRIEVER. We teach them all sorts of things at Holloman, using lights, reaction to handles and so forth. Of course, what we are trying to find out, having once been trained to do certain things, is what will their reaction be in a new environment like weightlessness and so forth. By this we can get a pretty good picture of what man will do under the same circumstances.

Mr. MILLER. Dr. Charyk, these are a few questions that have been prepared that I would like to ask you for the record.

Your statement has made reference to both Titan II and the Minuteman. Both have the advantage of short reaction time.

Do you have one as a backup for the other or what is the reasoning behind developing the program?

Secretary CHARYK. The two missiles are actually quite different in terms of their capabilities. The Titan II can carry a substantially greater payload than the Minuteman up to essentially unlimited ranges, so that the Titan II gives target coverage which Minuteman and Polaris cannot provide.

It also provides a capability to carry a very large payload, and also to carry various types of penetration aids that would be important in the event of the development of an anti-ICBM capability by the Soviets.

I might also add that we look to the Titan II as being one of the important elements to our space booster program in later years. Mr. MILLER. Does the Air Force see the B-70 as providing us also with a prototype for a trisonic transport?

Secretary CHARYK. Much of the technology which is being developed through the B-70 program will be directly applicable to the supersonic transport.

Mr. MILLER. So then it is in line with the data you are getting from this, that it will be valuable

Secretary CHARYK. It will make a definite contribution; yes, sir. Mr. MILLER. You have discussed the air defense and BMEWS. Where does the Air Force stand with regard to Nike-Zeus?

Secretary CHARYK. BMEWS is a warning system. Nike-Zeus is an active anti-ICBM system. We have been following the Nike-Zeus program with considerable interest. It has a direct application to some of our problems in the sense that from the strategic point of view we must develop a capability in our strategic missiles that will insure penetration in the event of the development of an active anti-ICBM by the Soviets. So that what I am saying is that our reentry vehicles and our approach to the design of reentry vehicles must retain capabilities that are possible in an anti-ICBM system and we must incorporate in our warheads a capability for penetration.

Mr. MILLER. Nike-Zeus would be tied in very closely with BMEWS or is tied in?

Secretary CHARYK. BMEWS would be a warning system that would be an important input to an active defense system such as Nike-Zeus; yes, sir.

Mr. MILLER. Is there any other system that is under development now in this country or any other known system other than Nike-Zeus? Secretary CHARYK. There are a great many studies being conducted by ARPA under the code name "Project Defender," which are aimed at exploiting other approaches to the problem other than Nike-Zeus. Nike-Zeus, of course, is a major program as compared to these comparatively minor efforts.

Mr. MILLER. It is the major program, and you have eliminated so far the others

Secretary CHARYK. It is the major program at the present time. Mr. MILLER. In the case the Nike-Zeus is a successful program, it gives us a leg up on the Russians; they haven't something comparable to it.

Secretary CHARYK. There is evidence that the Soviets are certainly working toward a solution to the anti-ICBM problem. I think it would be surprising if they weren't. Mr. MILLER. I think we have taken it for granted they are. To me, I am not a scientist, but knowing who comes with a defensive system first has quite an edge on the other fellow, doesn't he?

Secretary CHARYK. I think the ICBM program is one of the most important technical areas that we have.

Mr. MILLER. You mentioned a new command center for NORAD. Do you plan to have more than one as insurance against a direct hit? Secretary CHARYK. The prime center would be at Colorado. Springs. There would be more limited alternate capabilities elsewhere.