Appropriation "Research, development, test, and evaluation, Navy”—New obligational authority

Secretary WAKELIN. I would now like to introduce Vice Adm. John T. Hayward, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Development, who will discuss some of the weapons system and exploratory developments in the Navy R.D.T. & E. program for fiscal year 1962.

The CHAIRMAN. We have had Admiral Hayward with us before. We know he is an excellent witness. We know we are going to get some good information from him.

Let me thank you, too, Mr. Secretary, for giving us especially the information which you have in reference to the Navy R. & D. program. We wanted that very badly. It is in your statement.

Secretary WAKELIN. Thank you, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Admiral Hayward.

(The biographical sketch of Admiral Hayward is as follows:)

VICE ADM. JOHN T. HAYWARD, U.S. NAVY

Born in New York City on November 15, 1908, Adm. John Tucker Hayward had 15 months' enlisted service before his appointment to the Naval Academy in August 1926. As a Midshipman he excelled in water polo, being a member of intercollegiate championship teams for 3 years and All-American in 1930. Graduated and commissioned ensign in 1930, he subsequently advanced to the rank of vice admiral, in 1959.

His early service included sea duty in the U.S.S. Richmond, and for saving the lives of members of a swimming party at Tela, Honduras, in June 1931 while attached to that cruiser, he was awarded the Silver Life Saving Medal by the U.S. Treasury Department. He was designated naval aviator on September 13, 1932 and subsequently served in carrier based Scouting Squadron 1; Patrol Squadron 2, based on Coco Solo, C.Z.; the aviation unit of the cruiser Philadelphia; and as senior aviator of the cruiser Phoenix.

Prior to and following the outbreak of World War II he served as Assistant Chief Engineer (for Instruments) at the Naval Aircraft Factory, Philadelphia, and while so assigned had duty in 1940-41 as U.S. Naval Observer with the Royal Air Force. From December 1942 until March 1943 he had command of

Headquarters Squadron, Fleet Air Wing 2, on the west coast. He commissioned, then commanded Bombing Squadron 106 in 1943-44, and for outstanding service in action in the Central, South, and Southwest Pacific, was awarded the Silver Star Medal, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross (four times, once by the Army), the Air Medal (five times). He was also awarded the Purple Heart Medal for wounds received during the bombing of Canton Island by enemy aircraft in March 1943, and is entitled to the Army Distinguished Unit Ribbon for service with the 5th Air Force.

In June 1944 he became experimental officer at the Naval Ordnance Test Station, Inyokern, Calif., where he worked on all phases of rocket development and the development of, and study of destruction caused by the atom bomb. He received a letter of commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for extraordinary achievement in that field. From July to December 1948 he was Director of Plans and Operations for the Armed Forces, Sandia Base, Albuquerque, N. Mex,. concerned with the use of atomic weapons and integration of military requirements with the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.

He has a total of over 12,000 hours of flight as a pilot and has participated over many years in the development of new aircraft. He was the first naval aviator to land heavy attack aircraft on board our carriers and had the job of putting the atom into the fleet. The present heavy attack squadrons all began when he assumed command of Composite Squadron 5 in December 1948. He held this command until June 1951. This was followed by a tour of duty with the Atomic Energy Commission (Military Application Division), a year at sea in command of the carrier escort vessel Point Cruz, and command of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory from June 1954 to January 1956.

He commanded the giant aircraft carrier U.S.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt from February 1956 until January 1957, when he became Special Assistant to the Director, Strategic Plans Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. In October 1957 he assumed the duties of Assistant Chief of Naval Operations (Research and Development) and in April 1959 reported as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Development).

Navy: Office of Information, Biographies Branch, January 6, 1961.
Personal data:

Born: November 15, 1908, New York, N.Y.

Parents: Charles B. Hayward (deceased) and Rosa Valdetarro Hayward (father was associated with Wright brothers and prominent in aviation. Author of outstanding texts on aeronautics).

Wife: Leila Marion Hyer, of Pensacola, Fla.

Children: Mary Shelley, Leila Marion, Victoria, Jennifer, and John T. Hayward, Jr.

Address (official): Box 110, Pensacola, Fla.

Education: Loyola School, New York City; Oakdale Military Academy, Long Island, N.Y.; U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. (BS, 1930); completed Naval War College correspondence courses in strategy and tactics and international law. Promotions: Enlisted, June 29, 1925; honorably discharged, July 12, 1926; midshipman, July 13, 1926; commissioned ensign, June 5, 1930; lieutenant (jg), June 5, 1933; lieutenant, June 30, 1937; lieutenant commander (T), January 2, 1942; lieutenant commander, May 29, 1943, to rank from June 30, 1942; commander (T), August 20, 1943; captain (T), December 10, 1945; commander, August 7, 1947, to rank from December 30, 1941; temporary appointment as captain terminated, January 1, 1948; captain (T), August 1, 1948; captain, July 1, 1951, to rank from August 1, 1948; rear admiral, to rank from August 1, 1957; vice admiral, to rank from April 25, 1959.

Decorations and medals: Silver Star Medal, Legion of Merit with Combat "V", Distinguished Flying Cross with two gold stars and Oak Leaf Cluster (Army), Air Medal with four gold stars, letter of commendation with ribbon and one bronze star, Army Distinguished Unit Citation (Fifth Air Force), Purple Heart Medal, Silver Life Saving Medal, Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal, American Defense Service Medal, Fleet Clasp, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with one silver star and three bronze stars, World War II Victory Medal, Naval Occupation Service Medal, Asia Clasp, National Defense Service Medal, Philippine Liberation Ribbon, Order of British Empire (Honorary Officer) and Ribbon Bar.

Citations: Silver Star Medal and Army Oak Leaf Cluster to the DFC (not available), Legion of Merit with Combat "v": "For distinguising himself * * * during the period March 25, 1944, to June 1, 1944, as commanding officer of

Bombing Squadron 106. He successfully carried out 305 long-range search operations, armed reconnaissance, and offensive strikes against the enemy. As a result of the offensive actions of the aircraft under his command, 12 enemy cargo vessels and 14 barges were sunk and 10 enemy vessels and 13 barges were damaged. In aerial combat the squadron shot down 12 and damaged 3 enemy aircraft * * *??

Distinguished Flying Cross: "For heroism and extraordinary achievement in aerial flight as commander of a heavy bombing squadron in action against enemy Japanese forces on Wake Island, October 5, 1943 *** (He) skillfully directed and coordinated the operations of his squadron in bombing and strafing important enemy installations, pressing home his own powerful attacks accurately and with aggressive determination and obtaining many valuable photographs of the target area. His inspiring leadership and indomitable fighting spirit, maintained at great personal risk, were responsible in large measure for the outstanding success of this vital mission ***"

Gold Star in lieu of Second Distinguished Flying Cross: "For heroism and extraordinary achievement *** in the South Pacific War Area from November 8, 1943, to February 24, 1944 * * * (He) completed many combat and search missions over hostile territory and, by his courage and determination, succeeded in launching a smashing bombing attack on Kapingamarangi Island to score four direct hits on an enemy bivouac area, in sinking several Japanese supply barges on three other occasions and in spotting three hostile cargo vessels in Kavieng Harbor to enable our forces to destroy them ***."

Gold Star in lieu of Third Distinguished Flying Cross: "For heroism and extraordinary achievement in aerial flight during operations against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific Area from April 1 to 23, 1944 ***"

The Air Medal and Gold Star in lieu of four additional Air Medals were awarded "For meritorious achievement in aerial flight during operations against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific Area ***" from October 13, 1943, to May 19, 1944.

Letter of Commendation with Ribbon (SecNav): "While serving as Experimental Operations Officer of the U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, Inyokern, Calif., from August 4, 1944 to August 9, 1945, he distinguished himself by extraordinary achievement in connection with the development, organization, and operation of the station * * *. His active participation in hazardous aerial flights in connection with experimental projects being carried on, and his untiring devotion to duty were a source of inspiration to those who worked with him. His skill, technical knowledge and initiative were in a large measure responsible for the development of new weapons being tested at this station * * *." Chronological transript of service:

August 1930 to September 1931: U.S.S. Richmond.

October 1931 to October 1932: Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Fla. (instruction).

November 1932 to April 1935: Scouting Squadron One-B (U.S.S. Langley).
April 1935 to June 1935: Scouting Squadron One-B (U.S.S. Ranger).
July 1935 to May 1937: Patrol Squadron Two-F, Aircraft Squadrons.

June 1937 to July 1938: U.S.S. Philadelphia (Aviation unit).
August 1938 to May 1940: U.S.S. Phoenix (Senior Aviator).

June 1940 to September 1942: Naval Aircraft Factory, Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pa., (Assistant Chief).

October 1942 to April 1943: Headquarters Squadron, Fleet Air Wing two (Commanding Officer).

May 1943 to June 1944: Bombing Squadron 106 (Commanding Officer). July 1944 to July 1947: Naval Ordnance Test Station, Inyokern, Calif. (Experimental Officer) (Fleet Air West Coast, 1 month).

August 1947 to December 1948: Sandia Base, Albuquerque, N.Mex. (Director, Plans and Operations for Armed Forces).

December 1948 to June 1951: Composite Squadron Five (Commanding Offi

ver).

June 1951 to May 1953: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. Military Application Division).

May 1953 to May 1954: U.S.S. Point Cruz (CO).

June 1954 to January 1956: U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Md. (CO).

February 1956 to December 1956: U.S.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt (PCO and CO).

January 1957: Office of Chief of Naval Operations, Naval Department (Director, Strategic Plans Division).

October 1957 to April 1959: Asssistant Chief of Naval Operations (Research and Development), Navy Department.

April 1959: Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Development), Navy Department.

Navy-Office of Information (Biographies branch) 25 May 1959.

Graduate work and technical background Vice Adm. John T. Hayward, U.S. Navy Years 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940 University of Pennsylvania, Moore School and Temple University.

(a) Theoretical physics.

(b) Electronics.

(c) VH frequency currents.

(d) Mathematical analysis.

(e) Elementary foundry work.

(f) Experimental atomic physics.

(g) Applied gyrodynamics.

(h) Procedures in experimental physics.

(i) Magnetism.

Years 1944-46 California Institute of Technology OSRD ran NOTS Inyokern technical work at this time.

(a) Exterior ballistics of rockets.

(b) Chemistry of explosives.

(c) Chemistry of propellants (solid).

(d) Aerodynamics.

(e) Optics.

(f) Microtime physics.

(g) Interior ballistics of rockets.

(h) Strength of materials.

(i) Explosive casting techniques.

Years 1947-48 University of New Mexico and Los Alamos.

(a) Contemporary physics.

(b) Physics of the atmosphere.

(c) Wave mechanics.

(d) Critical assemblies.

(e) Uranium processes.

(f) Plutonium processes.

(g) Nuclear processes.

Year 1949-Stanford.

(a) Compressible and supersonic flows.

(b) Theoretical chemistry.

During the period at Philadelphia he was in charge of all instrument development for the aeronautical organization of the Navy. This included navigational instruments and techniques for aircraft.

While at Inyokern he worked for the California Institute of Technology as experimental officer. This included all work on the rockets developed by the OSRD and the building of the technical facilities at Inyokern. The Manhattan District work called for him to work on checking all radar fuzing and its operational functioning on the weapon. The explosive casting and assembly work was also done. This work was done with Los Alamos under the direct supervision of Dr. Oppenheimer and the late Rear Adm. W. S. Parsons, USN. He went to Japan at the close of hostilities for the Nagasaki and Hiroshima study. In 1946 he had charge of the first attempt to photograph a nuclear explosion (Bikini) at 800,000 frames a second to see if one could relate yield to actual expansion rate of fireball. This year found him in charge of the first Bumblebee tests at Johns Hopkins.

The passage of the Atomic Energy Act brought his transfer to New Mexico in 1947, where the construction of the Sandia Base began and personnel were actively trained for use of the atomic weapons. Here facilities were designed in conjunction with the Bureau of Ships. The Coral Sea, Midway, and Roosevelt were the first to be so configured. He participated as a technical assistant in Sandstone where he worked on the measurement of alpha rays and an attempt to measure neutrons of various energies. His work was in close collaboration with Los Alamos and specifically with Dr. Bradbury, the new Director.

In 1949 he was designated to organize and train the first heavy attack squadron which was to be a wing. This tour lasted 2 years and out of the successful operation of the AJ grew the first atomic capability. The A3D concept had been chosen earlier with the decision that the AJ would be the interim solution.

In 1951 he was ordered to the Atomic Energy Commission as the Head of Weapon Research in the Division of Military Application, where he participated in program planning for all atomic weapons laboratory work at Los Alamos and Sandia. Operation Greenhouse, Buster and Ivy were in these programs and were of considerable technical impact on our whole atomic program. The formation of the Livermore Laboratory program in 1952 was one of the responsibilities of this Division. His work on this program was done in close collaboration with Dr. Ernest Lawrence and Dr. Edward Teller. His tour with the Commission lasted over 2 years.

In 1954 he became the Commander of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory at White Oak. During his tour, Dr. Bennett, the Technical Director, transferred to General Electric, and until another director was appointed Admiral Hayward was responsible for both jobs. This was a period of 4 months. While there he participated in graduate programs at the University of Maryland.

His work has brought him in contact with practically all the outstanding scientific people of our country. His graduate work was done originally to further his education in physics, his favorite hobby. He is an Associate Fellow in the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences; a member of the American Physical Society and the Society for the Advancement of Science.

STATEMENT OF VICE ADM. JOHN T. HAYWARD, U.S. NAVY, DEPUTY CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (DEVELOPMENT)

Admiral HAYWARD. I wish to express to you my appreciation for permitting me to appear before you and for providing me the opportunity to discuss with you the Navy's research, development, test and evaluation program. You have just heard a statement by the Honorable James T. Wakelin, Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development. He has spoken to the broad aspects of the Navy effort, and the policies and procedures applicable within it. I, in turn, will be followed by Rear Adm. Connolly, of the Bureau of Naval Weapons, who will deal in greater detail with the Navy's astronautics program; accordingly, I shall confine my remarks to rather broad aspects of our astronautics program. My review of the previous hearings of the Navy R.D.T. & E. program before your committee indicates that whereas in last year's hearings we dealt almost exclusively with the Navy's space program, the year before was more broadly oriented in that we covered both science and astronautics. The thought has occurred to me that I might better serve your committee's purposes if I picked up the skein of thought and approach of 2 years ago and bridge it to the present period. If this is acceptable, I should like then to proceed, I shall deal now with Navy research and development matters in the following sequence: Polaris, undersea warfare, aircraft, missiles, command systems, ship propulsion and Navy astronautics.

My statement to you today is unclassified. If this should develop questions or discussion which ranges into the realm of security, I shall be most happy to discuss them with you in executive session or provide the data properly safeguarded.

In general terms our R. & D. program is fairly representative of Navy thought and attitude toward present and potential circumstances. It is a well-rounded program in that it advances in multiple