followed by the expression agunēņți, or its variants, agunēņḍi, gunēņţi, gunendi, gunēndu, nenți, nendi and so on. The months are generally zodiacal; where solar, chiefly as the Uttarayana and Dakṣinayana Sankrantis. The Tithis are generally calculated according to the Sūryya-siddhānta; and the Pūrṇimānta scheme is followed preferably to the amanta.
The regnal years are always given in figures. They are followed by the technical expression-yagu çrāhi or gu çrāhi, or simply çrāhi, çrā-i or çrāhini; and preceded by the words Pravarddhamāna-vijaya-rājya (increasingly victorious reign). The word "year" is generally denoted in Ōṛiyā and sometimes in Sanskrit inscriptions by aŋka; in the Tēlugu inscriptions by the words Samvatsara or its variants.
In the case of Cōraganga, only a selection of his inscriptions has been given; in the case of other kings, all the inscriptions known have been quoted. Altogether dates of 101 inscriptions have been given in the tables [see supra, p. 99], besides others referred to in the accounts given below them. These date-extracts, being mostly new, have been quoted in original for reference.
At the end of this article, a genealogical table of the entire Ganga family has been attached with years of reigns.
I.
Cōraganga.
[Çaka 998 Çaka 1069.]
Good many inscriptions of this king's time have been found, and reported in the Madras Epigraphical Report for 1895-96. More than one hundred have been found at Mukhalingam, besides two at Çrikūrmam, and five in their neighbourhood. Of these, the date èxtracts of 34 are given below; but many of the inscriptions unfortunately cannot be verified:
Hara-nayana-viyad-gagana-candra-ga- "Vizagapatam Plates," Verified.
Mēṣa-māsa. Ind. Ant., Vol. XVIII,
p. 162; Ep. Ind.,
Vol. V, App., p. 51,
No. 359.
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or
ņitē Çak-āvdē (bdē)
kṛṣṇ - āṣṭamyām - Aditya - vārē,
Çaka 1003, Mēṣa Kr. 8, Sunday = 4th
April A.D. 1081.
Çakha(ka)-varuşambulu 10 O(do)04.
Çrimad-Anantavarmma-dēvara prava-
[rddha]m[ā] na - vijaya-rá jy a - sam
(*vac)charalu 8 yagu çrahi-Yuttar-
ayana samkr[a]nti, or Çaka 1004, year
8, uttarāyaṇa sankranti.
Çaka-varuṣambulu 10 0(d)0 [4] Crimad-
Anantavarmma-dē vara pravarddham-
āna-vijaya-rājya - samvatsarambulu]
8 yagu çrāhi-Yuttarayana, or Çaka
1004, year 8, Uttarāyaṇa sankranti.
Sa(ça)kha(ka)-varuṣambulu 1015
[titles of] Cri-Cōragaṁgga-dēvara
19 gu s(ç)rāhiYuttarāyaṇa-mugā-
nu, or Çaka 1015, year 19, Uttară-
yaṇa saŋkrānti.
...
Roņāņki.
Sakha (çaka) - varūṣaṁbalu 10[1]5 Ep. Rep., No. 393, of
gunenti...... Cri-Coragamga-devara
19 gu sra(çrā)hi Yuttarāyaṇa-
munā[ṇḍu], or Çaka 1015, year 19,
Uttarayana saņkrānti.
Çaka-varuşambulu 1020 nēņți Çri-mad- Ep. Rep., No. 167, of Irregular.
Anamttavarmma-dēvara pravarddha-
Mukhalingam.
māna-vijaya-rājya-samvatsarambal[u]
[2]3 çrahi Simha-çukl-aṣṭami-yun-
Adi-vāra, or Çaka 1020, year 23,
Simha Çu. 8, Sunday.
Çaka-varsa 10[2]4 nenti Crimad- Ep. Rep., No. 140, of Unverifiable.
Anantavarmma-dēva[ra] pravard-
Mukhalingam.
dhamāna-vijaya-rajya-samvatsara[2]8 nēm [ti] Vişuva-samkrānti, or Çaka 1024, year 28, Viṣuva-sankranti. Viyad-udadhi-kh-ēṁ(n)du-ganitēṣu Çaka-vatsarēşu punyē-hani, or Çaka
Çrimad-Anaṁtavarmma-dēvara pra-
varddhamāna-vījaya - rājya-samvatsa
(*ra) 44 gu çrāhi Çāk-ābdānā [ṁ pra-
māņe] gagana-jala-viyac-camdra-gē
+ + 40 tivra-rasmē[r-]Mārggē bhē
..mavāsyāṁ Sani-dina-yuktē Vyāti-
pātē, or Çaka 1040, year 44, Marga-
çirṣa amavasya, Saturday, Vyati-
Ep. Rep., No. 246, of
Mukhalingam.
Ep. Rep., No. 244, of Unverifiable.
Mukhalingam.
Ep. Rep., No. 392, of
Rōņāŋki.
Vizagapatam Plates,
Ind. Ant., Vol.
XVIII, p. 166; Ep.
Ind., V, App p. 51,
No. 360.
Ep. Rep., No. 390, of
Rayipāḍu.
Mukhalingam.
Çaka-varṣa[m]bulu 104[3] agunēņți Ep. Rep., No. 173, of
Çrimâc-Cōragamgga-dēvara pravar-
ddha má na -vijaya-rājya-samvatsa-
rambulu 4[5] çrāhi ēdurēņți Uttar-
āyaña-saṁkranti, or Çaka 1043, year
45, Uttarayana saņkrānti.
Çaka-varuşam bulu 10 0(d)43 gunēņți Ep. Rep., No. 234, of Unverifiable.
Çrimat-Cōragamgga-devara vijaya- Mukhalingam.
rājya-samvatsarambulu
45 çrāhi ēdur[ē]nți Uttarāyaṇa-saṁkrāṁtti, or Çaka 1043, year 45, Uttarāyaṇa sankranti.
Mukhalingam.
Sa (ça)ka-varuşambulu 104[5] gunēņ- Ep. Rep., No. 221, of
du Crimatu-Cōragaṁgga-dēvara pra-
varddhamana-vijaya - rajya - [sa]mva
[tsa](*ra) 48 çrahi Uttarayaṇa-sam-
krāṁtti, or Çaka 1045, year 48, Ut-
tarāyaṇa saņkrānti.
Mukhalingam.
Çaka-varuşam bulu 1045 gu[nē]nți Ep. Rep., No. 177, of
Qrimad A[nanta]varmma-dē vara
pravard (*dha)amāna-vi[ja]ya-rājy a
samvatsa](*ra) [4]9 çra(*hi) rēmḍi
[Mē]ṣa-samkr[a](*n)tti, or Çaka
1045, year 49, Mēṣa saņkrānti.
Çaka-varşambulu 10[4]5 'gunēņți Çri- Ep. Rep., No. 224, of
mac-Cō[ragam]gga-dēvara pravard- Mukhalingam.
dhamāna-vijaya-rājya-saṁvatsa(*ra)
49 gu çrāhi Sōma-grahaṇa, or Çaka
1045, year 49, moon-eclipse. [In Çaka
1045 one moon-eclipse on 9th Mar-
gaçīra, or 5th November A.D. 1123,
a Monday].
Çrimad-Anamttavarmma-dēvara pra- Ep. Rep., No. 222, of
Mukhalingam.
varddhamāna - vijaya-rājya-samvatsa
(*ra) 49 çrāhi Çak-(*â)bdambulu 1046
gunēḍi Uttarāyaṇa-samkrāṁti,
Çaka 1046, year 49, Uttarāyaṇa saŋ-
krānti.
or
Çaka-varuṣambulu 1048 gunēņți Gri-
mad-Ananta [v arm a]-dēvara-pra-
varddhamāna - vijaya-rājya-samvatsa
(*ra) 53 gu çrāhi Karkkaṭaka-saṁkr-
[ā] mtti, or Çaka 1048, year 53, Kark-
kaṭaka saņkrānti.
Sakha (çaka)-varuşaṁ bulu 1049 agu-
nēmți Crimad-Anantavarmma-dēvara
pravarddhamana-vijaya-r ā j y a-saṁ-
vatsa(*ra) 53 s(ç)rāhi mahā-dvā(*da}-
Ep. Rep., No. 166, of
Makhalingam.
Ep. Rep., No. 143, of
Mukhalingam.
si, or Çaka 1049, year 53, mahā-dvā
daçi.
s(c)rähi Vrçcika-çukla-mahā
+ + + + or Çaka 1053, year 57,
Vrçcika Ça.+.
Çrimad-Anam[tta] varmma - dē vara
pravarddhamana-vijaya-raj y a-sam-
vatsa(*ra)5[8] çrāhi Çaka-varuṣambu-
(lu) 1054 gunēṇḍi Kanyā-saṁkrāṁtti,
or Çaka 1054, year 58, Kanyā saŋ.
krānti.
1050 agunēndi Ep. Rep., No. 151, of
Çrima (*c) - Coragaṁgga-dē[v a ra] Mukhalingam.
prava[rddha]māna-vijaya-rajya-saṁ-
vatsaramulu 54 çrāhi [Maka]r-āmā.
vāsya[yu] Vyatīpātāna, or Çaka
1050 year 54, Makara amavasyā, Vyā-
tipāta yōga 23rd December, A.D.
1128, Sunday, [on which day the
Vyatipata yōga fell, according to
Surya-siddhanta].
Makhalingam.
Çaka-varuṣambulu 1051 ag[a]nē[nti] Ep. Rep., No. 156, of
Çrimad-Anamtavarmma-dēvara pra-
vard(*dh)amāna- vijaya - rājya-sam
+ + + bulu 55 çrāhi Vṛçcika-saṁ-
kramttiy[u] Viti[pā]ta, or Çaka 1051,
year 55, Vrçcika samkranti Vyatipāta
yōga 26th October, A.D. 1129 [but
the Vyatipata yōga had passed away
1 gh. 49 pals before the sunrise].
Çak-abdambu[la] 1053 nē[ți] Çrimac-
Cōragamga-dēvara pravarddhamānā-
vijaya-rājya-saṁva[tsa](*ra) 57 gu
Çaka-varaşaṁbulu 1055 agu Çrimad.
Anamtavarma-dēvara pravard (*dh)-
amāna - vijaya - rājya-saṁhvatsaram-
bulu 59 çrāhi Mēṣa kṛṣṇa tra 13 yōda-
çiyu Budha-vāramuna, or Çaka
1055, year 59, Mēça Kr. 13, Wednes-
day 5th April, A.D. 1133, (Pūrņi-
mânta).
Sakha(çaka)-varuṣambulu 1049 gunen- Ep. Rep., No. 144, of Irregular.
Mukhalingam.
du Ori-Sora [ga]ṁgga-dēvara pravard-
dhamāna-vijaya- rajya-samvatsa(*ra)
53 s(ç)ra(ā)hi Makara-s(ç)ukla 4 yu
nēla-samkrāṁtiyu Sōma-varamu, or
Çaka 1049, year 53, Makara saņkrān-
ti, Çu. (?Kr.) 4, Monday. [If Makara
Kr. 4, then it fell in Çaka 1049 on
Phalguna sankranti, a Monday, 23rd
January, A.D. 1128].
Çaka-varuṣambulu
Ep Rep., No. 149, of
Makhalingam.
Ep. Rep., No. 220, of Unverifiable.
Mukhalingam.
My Ms. transcript of Verified.
Çrikūrmam (not
traceable in Ep.
Rep.).
Çaka-varuşaṁbulu 10[55] gunēḍu S(C)- Ep. Rep., No. 153, of
Mukhalingam.
rīmad - An am[tava]rmma-dēvara
pravarddhamana-vijaya-rājya- s a ṁ -
vatsarambulu 5[9] çrāhi ēdurēņți
Dhanur-mmā Jsa-çukla-aṣṭamiyu
Maṁggala-vā[ra]-munadu - Yuttar-
āyaṇa-samkrāmti, or çaka 1055(6),
year 59, Dhanu month, Qu. 8, attar-
āyṇa-sankranti, Tuesday = 25th De-
cember, A.D. 1134.
Mukhalingam,
Çak-abdamulu 1056 gunē[nți] Çrimad- Ep. Rep., No. 154, of
Anaṁttavarma-dēvara pravarddha-
māna-vijaya-rājya-samvatsa(*ra) 5 ×
çrā[*hi] ēdurē[ṇṭi] Dhanu[*r]-māsa-
çukla-aṣṭamiyu Mamggala-vāramu-
nan-Uttarāyaṇa-sam[kra]nti, or [the
same date as in No. 153], Çaka year
1056.
Mukhalingam.
=
Çaka-abdambula 1055 gunēṇḍu Çrimad- Ep. Rep., No. 185, of Verified.
Anaṁttavarmma-dēvara pravarddha-
māna-vijaya-rājya - saṁvatsa(*ra) 59
çrāhi Kumbha-masamuna Süryya-gra-
haṇa, or Çaka 1055, year 59, Kumbha
month, sun-eclipse 27th January,
A.D. 1134, Saturday; [according to
Schram's Table A, in Sewell's Indian
Calendar, p. 122, the sun-eclipse was
annular, and the conjunction took
place at 2 hours 24 min. after mean
Lanka sunrise].
S(C)aka-varuṣambulu 1055 nēņți Cri-
mad - Ana[mta]varmma-Çrī - Cōṛaga-
mgga-dēvara vijaya-rājya-sa[*ṁva]
tsa(*ra) 6[0] çrāhi Kanya-kṛṣṇa-
pamcamiyu Budha-vāramuna Vyati-
pāta, or Çaka 1055(6), year 60, Kanyā
Kr. 5, Wednesday, Vyātipāta yōga
10th September, A.D. 1134, [but the
Vyātipāta yōga did not fall on that
day].
=
Çaka-varuṣambulu 1056 gunēṇḍu Ori- Ep. Rep., No. 187, of
pra
Makhalingam.
Ep. Rep., No. 395, of Ditto.
Mahendragiri.
mad-Anamttavarmma-dēvara
varddhamāna-vijaya - rājya-saṁvatsa-
rambulu 59 yagu ēdurēmṭṭi-Yuttar-
ayana-samkrā[nti], [same date as in
No. 153.1
Mukhalingam.
Çaka-varuṣambulu 10[5]7 [gunē]nți Ep. Rep., No. 219, of Unverifiable
Crimad-Coragaṁgga-dē vara prava-
[rddhama]na-vijaya-rājya-saṁva ts a
(*ra) 59 çrāhi ēdur[ēnti] Mēṣa-māsa-
J. I. 14
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