Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to MagellanRandom House Publishing Group, 20þ/11þ/2013 - 720 ãä ÇáÕÝÍÇÊ From one of the greatest historians of the Spanish world, here is a fresh and fascinating account of Spain’s early conquests in the Americas. Hugh Thomas’s magisterial narrative of Spain in the New World has all the characteristics of great historical literature: amazing discoveries, ambition, greed, religious fanaticism, court intrigue, and a battle for the soul of humankind. Hugh Thomas shows Spain at the dawn of the sixteenth century as a world power on the brink of greatness. Her monarchs, Fernando and Isabel, had retaken Granada from Islam, thereby completing restoration of the entire Iberian peninsula to Catholic rule. Flush with success, they agreed to sponsor an obscure Genoese sailor’s plan to sail west to the Indies, where, legend purported, gold and spices flowed as if they were rivers. For Spain and for the world, this decision to send Christopher Columbus west was epochal—the dividing line between the medieval and the modern. Spain’s colonial adventures began inauspiciously: Columbus’s meagerly funded expedition cost less than a Spanish princess’s recent wedding. In spite of its small scale, it was a mission of astounding scope: to claim for Spain all the wealth of the Indies. The gold alone, thought Columbus, would fund a grand Crusade to reunite Christendom with its holy city, Jerusalem. The lofty aspirations of the first explorers died hard, as the pursuit of wealth and glory competed with the pursuit of pious impulses. The adventurers from Spain were also, of course, curious about geographical mysteries, and they had a remarkable loyalty to their country. But rather than bridging earth and heaven, Spain’s many conquests bore a bitter fruit. In their search for gold, Spaniards enslaved “Indians” from the Bahamas and the South American mainland. The eloquent protests of Bartolomé de las Casas, here much discussed, began almost immediately. Columbus and other Spanish explorers—Cortés, Ponce de León, and Magellan among them—created an empire for Spain of unsurpassed size and scope. But the door was soon open for other powers, enemies of Spain, to stake their claims. Great men and women dominate these pages: cardinals and bishops, priors and sailors, landowners and warriors, princes and priests, noblemen and their determined wives. Rivers of Gold is a great story brilliantly told. More significant, it is an engrossing history with many profound—often disturbing—echoes in the present. |
ãä ÏÇÎá ÇáßÊÇÈ
ÇáäÊÇÆÌ 6-10 ãä 80
ÇáÕÝÍÉ 20
... father old, and myself very young. Therefore, I commend myself to you and place myself in your hands, and ask you to consider me your son." This prince knew that his marriage might lead to the union of the realms of Aragon (with ...
... father old, and myself very young. Therefore, I commend myself to you and place myself in your hands, and ask you to consider me your son." This prince knew that his marriage might lead to the union of the realms of Aragon (with ...
ÇáÕÝÍÉ 22
... father asked him to translate the Iliad for him, as well as the Aene'ui and some poems of Ovid's. In 1454, Mendoza became FJishop of Calahorra, in effect a family see. He moved to the court, negotiated an understanding between his ...
... father asked him to translate the Iliad for him, as well as the Aene'ui and some poems of Ovid's. In 1454, Mendoza became FJishop of Calahorra, in effect a family see. He moved to the court, negotiated an understanding between his ...
ÇáÕÝÍÉ 51
... father, Domenico Colombo, from Mo- conesi, in the valley of Fontanabuona, above the city of Genoa, seems to have ... father had studied at the University of Pavia.22 Las Casas also said that Columbus studied the rudiments of letters ...
... father, Domenico Colombo, from Mo- conesi, in the valley of Fontanabuona, above the city of Genoa, seems to have ... father had studied at the University of Pavia.22 Las Casas also said that Columbus studied the rudiments of letters ...
ÇáÕÝÍÉ 52
... father, ISartolomeo, by then dead, himself governor of Porto Santo before his son, came from Piacenza, in northern Italy. Felipa's mother, Isabel Muniz, was descended from a captain who helped in 1147 to capture the castle of Sao lorge ...
... father, ISartolomeo, by then dead, himself governor of Porto Santo before his son, came from Piacenza, in northern Italy. Felipa's mother, Isabel Muniz, was descended from a captain who helped in 1147 to capture the castle of Sao lorge ...
ÇáÕÝÍÉ 56
... father-in-law, for Perestrelli seems to have been one of Henry the Navigator's advisers on oceanic exploration.31' Finally, Columbus was given several letters by an elderly, erudite, and humane Florentine, Paolo del Pozzo Toscanelli ...
... father-in-law, for Perestrelli seems to have been one of Henry the Navigator's advisers on oceanic exploration.31' Finally, Columbus was given several letters by an elderly, erudite, and humane Florentine, Paolo del Pozzo Toscanelli ...
ÇáãÍÊæì
11 | |
27 | |
45 | |
70 | |
A white stretch of land | 85 |
7 Tears in the royal eyes | 99 |
They love their neighbors as themselves | 108 |
9 We concede the islands and lands discovered by you | 116 |
Book Six CISNEROS | 354 |
King Fernando He is dead | 357 |
Go back and see what is happening | 375 |
Book Seven CHARLES KING AND EMPEROR | 394 |
The best place in the world for blacks | 397 |
It is clear as day | 414 |
I was moved to act by a natural compassion | 424 |
For empire conies from God alone | 435 |
As if in their own country | 126 |
4 To course oer better waters 183 | 182 |
15 The greatest good that we can wish for | 201 |
Teach them and indoctrinate them with good customs | 218 |
17 Children must constantly obey their parents | 239 |
You ought to send one hundred black slaves | 251 |
And they leapt onto the land | 260 |
Call this other place Amerige | 269 |
Book Four DIEGO COLON | 285 |
A voice trying in the wilderness | 287 |
Infidels may justly defend themselves | 296 |
Without partiality love or hatred | 311 |
Book Five BALBOA AND PEDRAR1AS | 324 |
They took possession of all that sea 327 | 325 |
A man very advanced in excess | 341 |
The new golden land | 444 |
Book Eight NEW SPAIN | 458 |
I am to pass away like a faded flower | 461 |
This land is the richest in the world | 474 |
O our lord thou has suffered | 479 |
Go with good fortune | 495 |
The new emperor 513 | 512 |
From the poplars I come mama | 519 |
Family Trees | 539 |
The Costs of Becoming Emperor 1519 | 545 |
Glossary | 551 |
Notes | 575 |
Index | 661 |
ØÈÚÇÊ ÃÎÑì - ÚÑÖ ÌãíÚ ÇáãÞÊØÝÇÊ
Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire <span dir=ltr>Hugh Thomas</span>þ áÇ ÊÊæÝÑ ãÚÇíäÉ - 2013 |
ÚÈÇÑÇÊ æãÕØáÍÇÊ ãÃáæÝÉ
Admiral Alonso already America arrived asked authority Balboa became beginning Bishop brother cacique called captain carried Casas Castile Castilian century Charles Christian Cisneros coast Colon Columbus Columbus's commander converted Cortes Council court Crown Cuba died Diego discovered Duke encomiendas Espanola established expedition father Fernando followed Fonseca four Francisco Fray friends gave Genoese given gold Governor Granada hands hundred idea important Indians Indies interested Isabel island Italy journey Juan King known land Las Casas later letter lived March Mexico monarchs Muslim named never once Ovando Pedro perhaps Portugal Portuguese present probably Queen reached received remained River royal sailed Santa Santo Domingo seemed seen sent Seville ships slaves soon Spain Spaniards Spanish thought told took town Velazquez voyage wanted World wrote